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• Open Access   Article

  The Impact of Internal Audit on Financial Management of Katsina State Investment and Properties Development Company Limited

  Muhammad Usman

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp.1-7, Dec-2019

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  The study aims to evaluate the impact of Internal Audit on Financial Management of Katsina State Investment and Properties Development Company. The population of this study is Katsina State Investment and Properties Development Company which a period of seven (7) years was used from 2010-2016. The data generated from their annual report and account was analyzed by means of Regression analysis using E-views 8.0. The result of the analysis was tested at 0.05 (5%) level of significance. The findings of the study show that Internal Audit has significant impact on Expenditure Control, Prudence and Accountability. Therefore, the study recommends that, the management of Katsina State Investment and Properties Development Company should ensure that much attention is given to the Internal Audit department by ensuring that the necessary mechanisms that could enhance their effectiveness are put in place as will enhance expenditure control and Prudence. It is also recommended that the management of Katsina State Investment and Properties Development Company should ensure that auditors make report regularly to enhance effective accountability.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Internal Audit, Internal Control, Investment and Properties Development Company

  References
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  Citation
  Muhammad Usman, "The Impact of Internal Audit on Financial Management of Katsina State Investment and Properties Development Company Limited," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.1-7, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  The Impact of Global Financial Crisis on the Value Relevance of Accounting Information

  Iqra Shahbaz

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp.8-17, Dec-2019

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  This study addressed two diverse areas of investigation, value relevance of the accounting data (is the statistical interpretation of the accounting data in stock prices) and its connection to the Global Financial Crisis by employ sample of 81 enterprises scheduled in Pakistan Stock Exchange from textile sector for the period 2003-2015.Firstly, it is investigated either the accounting data is value relevant or not in Pakistan during 2003- 2015. The results describe during the investigating period the accounting data is significant in Pakistan. Secondly, the other intention of this cram is to investigate either the Global Financial Crisis affect the accounting data in Pakistan. The results show the troubling event has effects the credibility of the books of accounts in Pakistan. In respect to this event book value is value relevant pre and post crisis which emphasis on that in bad time’s stock prices has high correlation with the information substance of book value as it seem the proxy of an abandonment option. In respect to earnings, it is stated that earnings is value relevant throughout the investigating phase. There is a decline in significance of earnings subsequent to the Global Financial Crisis. This is by reason of the enterprises having negative and extra ordinary items during bad times.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Value relevance, earnings, and book value of equity, international Financial Crisis and stock prices

  References
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  Citation
  Iqra Shahbaz, "The Impact of Global Financial Crisis on the Value Relevance of Accounting Information," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.8-17, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  The Impact of Cash Management on Profitability of the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry (Downstream)

  Muhammad Usman, Bishir Balarabe, Amina Mujitafa Maiwada, Abdulrahman Ibrahim Bala

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp.18-24, Dec-2019

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  The study aims to assess the impact of Cash Management on Profitability of the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry (Downstream). The population of the study comprised of the Twelve (12) listed Oil industry on the Nigerian stock exchange as at 31 December 2017, out of which a total of Seven (7) oil industries were sampled for the study. The data generated from the annual reports and accounts of the sampled oil industry were analyzed using SPSS version 25. The results of the analysis were tested at 0.5% level of significance. The findings of the study show that no relationship between cash management (CCC,DCP, CPP and LR) and profitability (ROA and ROE) of oil marketing industries in Nigeria, and also the study found, a positive significant relationship exists between cash management (CCC, DCP, CPP and LR) and ROCE of oil industries in Nigeria. The study recommends the oil companies in Nigeria should find other ways of improving performance (ROA) other than cash management (CCC, DCP, CPP and LR) as revealed by the study. In order to increase performance (ROA) the management of oil companies should reduce cost of their assets and improve their revenues; it also recommends that the management should find other ways of improving performance (ROE) other than cash management (CCC, DCP, CCP and LR) as revealed by the study. In order to improve performance (ROE), the management should increase revenues and reduce their equity and the study recommends that the management of oil companies in Nigeria should put all necessary efforts to increase the efficiency of their cash management (CCC, DCP, CPP and LR) because it has impact on (ROCE).

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Profitability, Cash management, Return on Asset, Cash Conversion Cycle

  References
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  [12] Malik, M., Waseem, J. U., & Kifayat U, “Working capital management and profitability an analysis of firms of textile industry of Pakistan”, Journal of Managerial Sciences, 6(2),155-165, 2011.
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  [16] Abbasi, E., & Bosra, S. A. H, “The effect of the cash conversion cycle on profitability in Tehran Stock Exchange”, World Research Journal of Financial Economics and Stochastic, 1(1), 2012.
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  Citation
  Muhammad Usman, Bishir Balarabe, Amina Mujitafa Maiwada, Abdulrahman Ibrahim Bala, "The Impact of Cash Management on Profitability of the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry (Downstream)," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.18-24, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Gender Analysis of Access to Human Capital in Nigeria: A Case Study of School Enrolment

  Salami R.O., Isaac I., Habila J., Salami H., Abutu P.

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp.25-31, Dec-2019

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  Women and girls account for about 50% of the world’s population. However, they have been subjected to arbitrary deprivation in many parts of the world. In developing countries, the most noticeable deprivation that women suffer is related to the access to, and control of assets. This has become entrenched owing to the high rate of illiteracy amongst women, while the males continue to get educated and brighten their life chances. This study aimed at assessing access to human capital among girls/women in Nigeria. This study is based on secondary data on school enrolment which were obtained from several published and unpublished sources. These data were descriptively analysed in simple percentages, and it was discovered that there has been persistent inequality in school enrolment in Nigeria since the country’s independence in 1960. This indicates preference for male children in Nigeria, despite being a signatory to several international covenants, agreements and laws that emphasise equal treatment for people irrespective of their gender. Enrolment has been consistently in favour of the male-child from primary school to university level. Since literacy is one major pillar of Human Development Index (HDI), it is clear from this that the human development of women in Nigeria is low (from the perspective of access to education). This study, therefore recommends that priority should be given to female children in admission in order to close the already existing gender-gap; girls should be admitted into specialised programmes and strict penalties should be meted on parents that deliberately refuse to enrol their daughters in school.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Gender, Deprivation, Human capital, Enrolment, Exclusion

  References
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  and school exclusion, London: National Children’s Bureau. 2002
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  Citation
  Salami R.O., Isaac I., Habila J., Salami H., Abutu P., "Gender Analysis of Access to Human Capital in Nigeria: A Case Study of School Enrolment," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.25-31, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  The Determinants of Profitability in the Nigerian Deposit Money Banks

  Aliyu Abba, Chamo Buhari Muhammad, Yusuf Sani Rurumah

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp.32-38, Dec-2019

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  Abstract
  The study aims to evaluate the Determinants of Profitability in the Nigerian Deposit Money Banks. The population of the study comprised of 20 Banks listed on the Nigerian stock exchange with a working population of 6 Banks using filter as a sampling technique to select the working population, and which a period of five (5) years was used from 2012-2016. The data generated from the Bank’s annual report and account was analyzed by means of Descriptive statistics, Correlation and Regression analysis using Eviews 8.0. The result of the analysis was tested at 0.05 (5%) level of significance. The findings of the study show that Capital Adequacy has a significant relationship with return on equity; it also revealed that Asset Quality and Management Efficiency have no significant relationship with Return on Equity of Deposit Money Banks. Therefore, the study recommended that, the management of the Deposit Money Banks should endeavour to intensify effort to increase their Capital Adequacy by issuing more shares to the public for subscription more especially at premium to generate additional capital in form of share premium, and should decrease their asset especially non-current assets through leasing in order to increase their profitability, it is also recommended that the management of the deposit money banks should seek for other means that will increase their profitability other than management efficiency such as liquidity by increasing their current assets more than their current liabilities, and also should not consider the age of the bank as one of the factors that will increase their profitability and consider other factors that has significant on the banks profitability such as capital adequacy and liquidity as found in this study.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Profitability, Banks, Asset Quality, Capital Adequacy, Management Efficiency

  References
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  [18] Okaro, C.S and Onyekwelu, C.U., “Money, Banking Methods and Processes, Enugu, Emma Okaro Publishing, Enugu, 2003.
  [19] Olweny, T., Shipho, T.M., “Effects of Banking Sectoral Factors on the Profitability of Commercial Banks in Kenya”. Economics and Finance Reie. 1(5), 1-30, 2011.
  [20] Bikker, J.A., Hu, 1-1., “Cyclical patterns in profits, provisioning and lending of banks and procyclicality of the new Base capital requirements”, BNL Quarterly Review, 221,143—175, 2002.
  [21] Okafor, R.G., “Performance evaluation of Nigerian commercial banks before and after consolidation”, IJEMR, 2(2), 2012.
  [22] Osuala, E.C., “Introduction to Research Merhodology”, Onitsha, Nigeria, 3 Editions: Africana-Fep Publishers Limited, 2005.
  [23] Short, B.K., “The relation between commercial bank profit rates and banking concentration in Canada”, Western Europe and Japan. Journal of Banking and Finance 3. 209—219, 1979.
  [24] Smirlock, M., “Evidence on the non relationship beteen concentration and profitability in banking”, Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 17, 69—83, 1985.
  [25] Stulz, R., Williamson, R., “Culture, openness, and finance. Journal of Financial Economics 70, 313—349, 2003.
  [26] Goddard, J., Molyneux, P. and Wilson, J.O.S., “The profitability of European banks”: a cross sectional and dynamic panel analysis, The Manchester School, 72, 363—81, 2004.
  [27] Stiroh, K.J., Rumble, A., “The dark side of diversification”: The case of US financial holding companies. Journal of Banking and Finance, 30, 2 1 3 1—2161, 2006.
  [28] Smirlock, M., “Evidence on the (non) relationship beteen concentration and profitability in banking”, Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 17. 69—83, 1985.
  [29] Staikouras, C., Wood, G., “The determinants of European bank profitability”, International Business and Economics Research Journal 3 (6), 57— 68, 2004.
  [31] Pasiouras, F., Kosmidou, K., “Factors influencing the profitability of domestic and foreign commercial banks in the European Lnion”, Research in International Business and Finance 21(2), 222—237, 2007.
  [32] Barajas, A., Steiner, R., Salazar, N., “Interest spreads in banking in Colombia 1974 1996”, IMF Staff Papers 46, 196—224, 1999.
  [33] Barros, C., Ferreira, C., Williams, J., “Analysing the determinants of performance of best and worst European banks”: A mixed logit approach Journal of Banking & Finance 3, 2189-2203, 2007.

  Citation
  Aliyu Abba, Chamo Buhari Muhammad, Yusuf Sani Rurumah, "The Determinants of Profitability in the Nigerian Deposit Money Banks," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.32-38, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  An Evaluation of the Application of Budgetary Control in the Nigerian Sub-National Public Sector

  Aliyu Abba

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp.39-50, Dec-2019

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  Abstract
  The study aims to evaluate the application of budgetary control in the Nigerian sub-national public sector. The population of the study comprised the entire Katsina State of which a period of Ten (10) years was used from 2006-2015. The data generated from budget documents and annual reports of the state were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis using Eviews 8.0. The result of the analysis was tested at 0.05 (5%) level of significance. The findings of the study show that a significant relationship exists between budgetary and management decision, public sector recurrent and capital expenditure. Therefore, the study recommends that, Top level principal budget officers should educate other level of budget officers on the importance of adhering strictly to the budget provisions and implementations in order to make an effective decision. Budgetary controls leads to efficiency and effectiveness of management productivity; the top level management should allow inputs from all levels of management in its budgeting decisions to ensure its decisive implementation and a bottom-up budgetary control should be put in place where all relevant officers will partake. Such measure will ensure that resulting budgets on recurrent expenditure are objective and realistic.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Budgeting, Budgetary control, Budget evaluation, Budget Committee, Budget Officer

  References
  [1]. Perrin, R. F. Human Factors in Budgeting. Retrieved February 27th, 2012.
  [2]. Preetabh. Advantages of Budgetary Control.Retrieved February 26th, 2012, 2010.
  [3]. Pilkington, M. &Crowther, D. Budgeting and Control. Financial Management, 2007.
  [4]. Olurankinse F., Yabugbe P.O. and Ibadin L.A . Budgeting as a Tool for Control and Performance Evaluation in the Public Sector. Journal of Research in National Development 6(2), 31-48, 2008.
  [5]. Hanninen, V., “Budgeting at a crossroads – the viability of traditional budgeting,” a case study. Master’s thesis, Aalto University School of Business. 2013.
  [6]. Sevilla, J., Accountability and Control of Public Spending in a Decentralized and Delegated Environment. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 5(2), 342-359, 2005.
  [7]. Friday E.I.and Friday I. O., “Budget and Budgetary Control,” A Tool for Enhanced Performance in Nigeria Organizations. Knowledge Review 26(3), 113-125, 2012,
  [8]. Seal, W.B. and Amanda, B. Interpreting the Dynamics of Public Sector Budgeting: A Dialectic of Control Approach. Finance. Accountability and Manage. J. 27(4): 0267- 4424, 2011
  [9]. Bilal H., Abdulrahim R. and Namo E., “Toward a Unifying Framework for Budgetary Control and Accountability in the Public Sector, “International Journal of Administration and Governance 1(4), 31-38, 2015.
  [10]. Abdullahi, A.M and Angus, O.U., ‘‘Budget in Nigeria Public Sector,’’ Need for Balanced Scorecard Perspective.International Journal of Finance and Accounting, 1(2): 1-6, 2012.
  [11]. Yakubu, S.A. Public Budget and Budgetary Control in Nigeria. Journal of Business and Organizational Development, 3(2), 43-61, 2011.
  [12]. Silva L.M.D. and Ariyarathna J. Budgetary Process and Organizational Performance of Apparel Industry in Sri Lanka. Journal of Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS) 3(4), 354-360, 2012.
  [13]. Mikesell, J.L. and Mullins, D.R. Reforms for Improved Efficiency in Public Budgetingand Finance: Improvements, Disappointments, and Work-in-Progress. Public Financial Publications, Inc. 4400, 2011.
  [14]. Chi-Chi, O.A. and E. Appah, “Accountability and Public Sector Financial Management in Nigeria,” Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (OMANChapter), 1(6), 2012.
  [15]. Olurankinse, F. Due Process and Budget Implementation: An Evaluation of Nigerian Public Sector Auditing. Asian Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(2), 56-767, 2012.
  [16]. Tunji, S.T. The Impact of Budgeting and Budgetary Control on the Performance of Manufacturing Company in Nigeria. Journal of Business Management & Social SciencesResearch, 2(12), 2013.
  [17]. Jermias, J. &Setiawan, T. “The Moderating Effects of Hierarchy and Control on the Relationship between Budgetary Participation and Performance,” The International Journal of Accounting, 43, 268–292, 2008.
  [19]. Gadade, S.T., A.D. Wagh, “Evaluating budgeing and budgetary control process in Colleges,” International Monthly Refereed Journal of Research in Management & Technology, 4(3), 23-46, 2013.
  [20]. Abdullahi, S, Kuwata, G., Abubakar, M, and Muhammad, T. , ‘‘the role of budget and budgetary control onorganizational performance,’’ a case study of Tahir Guest House, Kano state, Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Research in Information Security, 2(4) 22-28, 2015.
  [22]. Lambe I., Mary L. and Theresa O. A Systematic Review of Budgeting and Budgetary Control in Government Owned Organizations. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting 6(6), 1-10, 2015.
  [23]. Olaoye F. O.andOgunmakin A. A. Budgetary Control and Performance in Public Corporations in Osun State. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR - JHSS) 1(19), 59-62, 2014.
  [24]. Amala V. V. “A Study on Budgetary Control with Special Reference to Coimbatore District Co-Operative Milk Producer’s Union Limited,” Coimbatore. Journals of Business and Financial Affairs 6(4), 34-49, 2015.

  Citation
  Aliyu Abba, "An Evaluation of the Application of Budgetary Control in the Nigerian Sub-National Public Sector," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.39-50, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Motivational Factors of Urban Mompreneurs–An Analytical Study with special reference to Coimbatore District

  M. Deepalakshmi

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp.51-53, Dec-2019

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  Abstract
  For many years Women were satisfied just with three K`s--Kitchen, Kids, Knitting. And apart from that to the extent of all household activities and moreover in their family trade activities as unnoticed secret behind woods. Women constitute half of the human resource potential available in India for economic activities in almost all sectors of Nations Trade, Commerce and Industry. Women entrepreneurs are increasingly considered as an important catalyst for economic development. Especially in developing countries like India Women even after they become Moms entrepreneurship is essential for making a journey out of Poverty and towards Equality and Equity. Most importantly, their journey mirrors the transformation of nations from being Under-developed or Developing to Developed ones.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  women, entrepreneur

  References
  [1] Kaplan, Eileen: Women entrepreneurs: constructing a framework to examine venture
  success and failure, frontiers of entrepreneurship research, Massachusetts, USA, 1997.
  [2] Rani, C; Potential women entrepreneurs-A study, SEDME, 13(3), pp.13-32, 2002.

  Citation
  M. Deepalakshmi, "Motivational Factors of Urban Mompreneurs–An Analytical Study with special reference to Coimbatore District," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.51-53, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Mapping Poverty and Deprivation in Barikin-Sale, Minna, Nigeria

  Isaac I., Habila J., Salami H., Salami, R.O., Abutu P.

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp.54-59, Dec-2019

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  Abstract
  Poverty is a very serious problem facing currently bedevilling a large proportion of the global population. This problem is becoming intensified with the rapid rate of global population growth and unprecedented urbanisation. More worrisome is the fact that this phenomenon has translated into urbanisation of poverty. This study aimed at mapping poverty and deprivation in Barikin Sale neighbourhood of Minna, Nigeria; and the objectives are to obtain the base map of the study area, acquire data on household deprivation in the study area, assess the rate of deprivation in the neighbourhood and produce poverty maps of the study area. Barikin Sale was subdivided into 10 small areas which were termed sub-neighbourhoods which form the units of analysis and mapping. Ten households were randomly sampled from each sub-neighbourhood. Descriptive and inferential analyses were carried out and it was discovered that household deprivation is more obvious at sub-neighbourhoods level than at the general neighbourhood level. Principal component and factor analysis techniques were adopted to measure the marginality index of the residents across the sub-neighbourhoods and the results were used to produce poverty maps for the study area. The study discovered that the residents of Barikin Sale suffer ultra-deprivation in term of adult literacy level. The study recommends that the residents of Barikin sale should be encouraged to enrol in adult literacy classes.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Poverty, Deprivation, Urbanisation of Poverty, Poverty Mapping, Households

  References
  [1] Scoones, I. Sustainable rural livelihoods: A framework for analysis. IDS working paper No. 72, Brighton: University of Sussex/IDS. 1998
  [2] Alkire, S. and J. Foster. Counting and Multidimensional Poverty Measurement. OPHI Working Paper No. 7. Oxford, University of Oxford. 2007.
  [3] Akande S. O., Mohammed N., and Aremu R. Child Poverty Mapping: Towards Effective Child Poverty Reduction Poverty Mapping as a Tool for Effective Child Poverty Reduction. International Conference of Environmental Sciences (Ices 2019) At: Ilorin Nigeria. 2019.
  [4] Fabiyi, Yakub L. "Land administration in Nigeria: Case studies of the implementation of the land use decree (Act) in Ogun, Ondo and Oyo States of Nigeria." Agricultural Administration 17, no. 1, pp. 21-31, 1984.
  [5] Sanusi, Y. A. Pressure-State-Response framework analysis of residential development on ecologically unstable land in Minna, Nigeria. Ozean Journal of Applied Sciences vol. 4 issue 2, pp. 145-169, 2011
  [6] Maxlock. Plan, Minna Master. "The Capital City of Niger State, Final Report prepared by Max Lock Group." Nig. Ltd. Town Planning Division, Ministry of Housing and Environment, Niger State, Nigeria 1979.
  [7] Popoola, N. I., Jinadu, A.M., Sanusi, Y. A., Adeleye, B.M., & Odumosu, J. O. Evaluation of spatial growth dynamics in the peri-urban residential neighbourhoods in Minna, Nigeria. Academic Research International, Vol. 7, issue 1, pp. 259-270, 2016
  [8] UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). "Human development report." 1990.
  [9] Sanusi, Y.A. Application of human development index to measurement of deprivations among urban households in Minna, Nigeria. Habitat International, vol. 32, issue 3, pp.384-398, 2008.

  Citation
  Isaac I., Habila J., Salami H., Salami, R.O., Abutu P., "Mapping Poverty and Deprivation in Barikin-Sale, Minna, Nigeria," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.54-59, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Understanding the Effects of Strategic Business Management on Small and Medium Scale Enterprises for Enhanced Productivity in Nigeria

  Adekunle Oluwatosin Alade, Joy Ofure Ehigbochie

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp.60-67, Dec-2019

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  Abstract
  It is suitable to value the extent of the effects strategic management has brought into the life of productivity, lately, modern organizations have attached more importance to strategic management. The employment of strategic business units as entitles for the formulation of strategic plans and implementation which provides strategic business management a particular character of its own has been the backbone of most economies which in turn will result in increased productivity for businesses particularly small to medium scale business (SMEs) in developing countries notably in Nigeria. This work will analyze the importance of strategic management in Small and Medium Scale Enterprises and the way it enhances firm performance, and the way it is understood and adopted. This analysis utilized the case study style on 10 purposively sampled SMEs in Lagos, Nigeria. The likelihood sampling technique of purposeful sampling was utilized to choose two hundred respondents from SME owners and workers for the study. Questionnaires were utilized in the collection of data, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used in analyzing the data. The outcome investigated the understanding of strategic business management practices on small to medium scale businesses (SMEs) for firm performance and productivity. The findings showed that strategic management and the implementation of organizations was practiced to some extent in SMEs precisely in Lagos, Nigeria. Moreover, the findings within the study conjointly uncovered that the strategic management implementation in developing countries still faces challenges like the inability to manage amendment and high managers` not supporting strategy. Going by these findings among others, it had been deduced that the strategy of a company ought to be aligned with the goals of, and incentives for, the manpower per the allocation of resources.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  strategic management, productivity, small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs), planning, implementation

  References
  [1]. Acemoglu, Daron, “Root Causes: A historical approach to the role of institutions in economic development”, Finance and Development, June, p. 27-30, 2003.
  [2]. Adelaja A.O. The Importance of Small and Medium Scale Industries in a Developing/Underdeveloped Economy: Nigeria Case Study. Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Lagos, Nigeria. 2002.
  [3]. Aremu M. A. & Adeyemi, S. L. Small and medium scale enterprises as a survival strategy for employment generation in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(1), 200-215, 2011.
  [4]. Asaolu T.O, O. Oyesanmi, P.O. Oladele, and A.M. Oladoyin 2005; Privatization and commercialization in Nigeria: Implications and prospects for good governance
  [5]. Beaver G. Management and the Small Firm, Strategic Change, vol. 12, pp. 63-68, 2003.
  [6]. Berman, Gordon & Sussman 1997, a Study to Determine the Benefits Small Business Firms Derive from Sophisticated Planning Versus Less Sophisticated Types of Planning‘, the Journal of Business and Economic Studies, vol. 3 (3), pp. 1-11.
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  [11]. OECD, "Enhancing the Competitiveness of SMEs through Innovation." Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2000.
  [12]. Orser, Hogarth-Scott & Riding 2000 ‘Performance, Firm Size and Management Problem Solving’, Journal of Small Business Management, 38 (4), 42-58.
  [13]. Pearce and Robinson. Strategic Management: Formulation, Implementation, and Control, 2002
  [14]. Pearce, J. A. & Robinson, R. B. (2007). Strategic Management: Planning for Domestic and Global Competition (13th Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
  [15]. R.M. Grant “Knowledge and Organization,” in D.J. Teece and I. Nonaka (eds.), Managing Industrial Knowledge, Sage, Thousand Oaks, pp. 145-169, 2001
  .[16]. Robinson & Pearce 1984 Research Thrusts in Small Firm Strategic Planning. Academy of Management, vol. 9(1), pp.128-137.
  [17]. Rogerson, C. M.. Developing SMMEs in peripheral spaces: the experience of Free State province, South Africa. South African Geographical Journal, 2006.
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  Citation
  Adekunle Oluwatosin Alade, Joy Ofure Ehigbochie, "Understanding the Effects of Strategic Business Management on Small and Medium Scale Enterprises for Enhanced Productivity in Nigeria," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.60-67, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Creativity and Innovation in Organizational Development: Nigeria Hospitality Business Perspective

  Femi Isaac Lanre-Oke

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp.68-72, Dec-2019

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  Abstract
  Looking at the unique and complex nature of the creativity and innovation concept, it becomes an imperative for experts in Organization Development (OD) to investigate more on the subject matter, in order to make our society better with an increase in productivity. The research puts its searchlight into the hospitality industry in Nigeria, with special focus on restaurant, hotel and bar. The examination involved 155 target audience in the aforementioned industry. The creativity and innovation of the employees and employers were analyzed using the five dimensional analysis, which include the Autonomy, Task significance, Identity, skill variety, and task feedback. The last part of the questionnaire makes use of the self test creativity report to investigate new ideas and methods they have tried first to improve productivity and profitability of the industry. A creativity game was also carried out with 30 people in the industry, where 30 blank boxes were drawn and both employees and employers turn it to meaningful object.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Creativity, Innovation, Nigerian Business, Employees, Hospitality

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  [5] Beghetto, R. A., & Kaufman, J. C (). Toward a broader conception of creativity: A case for mini-c creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts, 1, 73-79, 2007.
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  [7] Boonwan, D. Variables Influencing Creativity of Grade 6 Students under the Jurisdiction of Suphan Buri Educational Service Area Office. M.Ed. Thesis, Kanchanaburi: KanchanaburiRajabhat University, 2009.
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  Citation
  Femi Isaac Lanre-Oke, "Creativity and Innovation in Organizational Development: Nigeria Hospitality Business Perspective," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.68-72, 2019