Volume-9 , Issue-1 , Mar 2021, ISSN 2321-905X Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Impact of Input Support Schemes on Irrigated Maize in Gokwe South District, Zimbabwe

  Alpha Marlvin Manjera

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp.1-9, Mar-2021

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  The study analyzed the existing input support schemes and their impact on maize productivity under irrigation in Zimbabwe taking Gokwe south district as a case study. In terms of the methodology, the study adopted case study, and targeted smallholder farmers in 33 wards of Gokwe South district. From 33 wards selected, only ward 5 (Sai ward) was used as a sample to represent the whole district with sub-villages. Sai ward comprise more than 20 villages with approximately 634 smallholder farmers in total and 40 farmers were used as a sample to provide primary data using a questionnaire. Government and non-governmental organizations also be interviewed and so are the service providers such as input suppliers and buyers. The results review that R value of 0, 825 (p<0.05) shown from correlation analysis between maize output and quantity of fertilizer. Furthermore, results revealed that based on the cost of production and input packages offered to small holder farmers in Gokwe South District farmers are realizing income ceteris paribus. Budget A. above showed cost of production under input support scheme while budget B is a comparative budget without input assistance. Smallholder farmers with input support scheme had lowest total variable cost of $339.03 compared to $411.77 without input assistance. In terms of revenue input support scheme had a 45% contributory compared to non-input assisted farmers. Overall in terms of profitability farmers with input support scheme realized a significant profit while those farming without assistance were realizing loss.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Input Support Scheme, maize productivity, smallholder farmers, profit

  References
  [1] M Rukuni. “Economic recovery and innovation adoption. Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol.8, Issue 2, pp.2-4, 2019.
  [2] JK Basak. “Fertilizer Requirement for Zimbabwe Production in Zimbabwe”. Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol.2, Issue 2, pp.16-19, 2020.
  [3] KD Chivasa. “Maize productivity and credit scheme”. Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol.11, Issue 3, pp.8-11, 2017.
  [4] P Christon. “Farm management under irrigation”. Journal of Agricultural Food System, Vol.3, Issue 1, pp.7-9, 2018.
  [5] B.T Histon. “Agricultural innovations and efficient system”. Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol.4, Issue 1, pp.29-31, 2019.
  [6] F Eills. Agricultural Polices in Developing Countries. Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol.4, Issue 1, pp.23-25, 2018.
  [7] H.T Petersen. “Process Innovation and Productivity”. Journal of Economics, Vol.8, Issue 2, pp.21-22, 2020.
  [8] R.T Gran. “Technology transfer and hybrid maize”. Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol.2, Issue 3, pp.37-38, 2018.
  [9] K Johnson. “Southern small scale farming projects”. Journal of Economics, Vol.15, Issue 2, pp.7-11, 2018.
  [10] M Morris, VA Kelly and D Byerlee. “Fertilizer Use in African Agriculture: Lessons Learned and Good Practice Guidelines”. Journal of Economics. Vol.2, Issue2, pp.6-9, 2020.
  [11] F Klein. “Question of productivity in agricultural sector” Journal of Ecology, Vol.7, Issue 2, pp.12-14, 2019.
  [12] B Chinsinga. “The Clash of Voices: Community-based Targeting of Safety-net Interventions in Zimbabwe”. Journal of Social Policy and Administration, Vol.4, Issue 2, pp.14-18, 2016.
  [13] A Charman. “Agricultural Development and Food Security in Sub Saharan Africa: Building a Case for More Support. Zimbabwe Country Study. Gokwe South, SAFP”. Journal of Administration, Vol.5, Issue 3, pp.28-29, 2017.
  [14] K Stambuli. “Long-run Food Security Implications of a Top-down Agricultural Strategy in Zimbabwe Surrey, Institute for Global Economic Research”. Journal of Economics, Vol.5, Issue 1, pp.9-11, 2020.
  [15] B Chinsinga. “Reclaiming Policy Space: Lessons from Zimbabwe’s Fertilizer Subsidy Programme: A Paper Presented at the World Development Report Workshop, IDS, and University of Sussex”. Journal of Social Policy and Administration, Vol.4, Issue 3, pp.20-21, 2019.
  [16] J Pender. “Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Subsidies in sub-Saharan Africa: Issues and Recommendations, Power Point Presentation”: IFPRI, Washington DC. Journal of Agribusiness, Vol.2, Issue 3, pp.3-5, 2016.
  [17] A Dorward. “Evaluation of the 2006/2007 Agricultural Input Supply Programme, Zimbabwe: Imperial College London, Wadonda Consult, Michigan State University and Overseas Development Institute”. Journal of Social Policy and Administration, Vol.2, Issue 1, pp.10-12, 2018.
  [18] J Harrigan. “U-Turns and Full Circles: Two Decades of Agricultural Reform in Zimbabwe 1981-2000”. Journal of Economics, Vol.3, Issue 2, pp.16-17, 2019.

  Citation
  Alpha Marlvin Manjera, "Impact of Input Support Schemes on Irrigated Maize in Gokwe South District, Zimbabwe," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.9, Issue.1, pp.1-9, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  A Manager has a Duty of Care to Create a Culture of Care

  Sarah E Wall

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp.10-15, Mar-2021

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  Managers have a duty of care to their employees, this duty of care should include providing the employee with an environment of a culture of care. To do this a manager needs to have the right soft skill awareness where they are able to create a psychologically safe environment, and that fosters a strong psychological contract between the employee and employer. Just over 50% of managers have received leadership training that included the essential soft skills, such as cultural awareness, or communication styles. This leaves a large gap of manager soft skill incompetence in the workforce. These gaps can be closed by understanding the foundations to creating and supporting employee psychological safety, and by reducing the social pain potential. Organizations are willing to sponsor and pay for managers to receive training to help close their gaps, however first the manager needs to recognize that they have soft skill incompetence. It is then up to the manager to find the right training, either internally or externally, to enable themselves to become soft skill competent. Psychologically safe environments elicit engagement, when employees are engaged productivity increases. Managers should concentrate more on creating a culture of care in their team rather than focusing everything on ensuring production numbers are where they are expected to be. Creating a culture of care for the employee will provide an advantage for the business, the associated return on investments (ROI) include: less attrition, higher productivity, reduction in absenteeism, and increased customer satisfaction.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Culture of care, Duty of care, Engagement, Manager, Psychological contract, Psychological safety, Social pain, Soft skills

  References
  [1] L, Mullins. “Organisational Culture and Change, The crucial role of managers,” Management & Organisational Behaviour. 11th edition. Chapter 15, page 553. 2016.
  [2] S.E. Wall. “A Strategy for Developing Leaders in a Multicultural Organization,” Unpublished Results. Doctorate Dissertation Thesis. LIGS University, Hawaii. 2020.
  [3] S.E. Wall. “Cultural Competence: A Managers Duty of Care,” LIGS University, Hawaii. 2020.
  [4] S.E. Wall. “Change Management has a Critical Role in Automatio,”. LIGS University, Hawaii. 2020.
  [5] M. Kappel. “How to Establish a Culture of Employee Engagement,”. Forbes Small Business Strategy. 2018.
  [6] P.Shapland-Chew. “Generative Change Management. Creating Positive Organisations and Flourishing Peopl,” Bookboon.com. 2020.
  [7] P. Guchait., J. Meurs., & S. Cho. “Psychological Contracts,” Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism DOI: 10.1080/15332845.2015.1002070 2015.
  [8] R.A. Durbin, A. Cox. “Signaling Diversity: A Study of Recruitment Strategies for Female and Minority Police Candidates,” World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.4, pp.1-5. 2020.

  Citation
  Sarah E Wall, "A Manager has a Duty of Care to Create a Culture of Care," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.9, Issue.1, pp.10-15, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Factors for Success in Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems

  Hamadi Khlif

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp.16-20, Mar-2021

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  Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has become the main interest areas of researchers and practitioners, especially in the domains of Management and Information Systems (IS). Also, Customer Relationship Management is the most important tools in our era and is the integration of trust, business and technology to gratify the requirements of the clients. This paper is an overview of success factors that could facilitate successful adoption of CRM. There are two factors: the organizational climate and the capacity for innovation. For this study, a survey was developed with 200 CRM users. Empirical research is in the positivist paradigm based on the hypothetico-deductive method. Indeed, the approach adopted is the quantitative approach based on a questionnaire complied by Tunisian companies operating in different sectors of activity. For the data analyses, the structural equations method was used to conduct our exploratory and confirmatory analysis. The results revealed that a creative organizational climate and high innovation capacity positively influences the success of CRM practice.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  — Customer Relationship Management, organizational climate, innovation capacity, structural equation, Success factors.

  References
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  [2] A.Haran, “Development of a framework to retain customers through customer relationship management”, Research Paper, Dublin Institute of Technology, School of Computing Research Paper (ITSM), DIT, Dublin, Ireland,Vol 1, pp 1-20, 2005.
  [3] C.Benavent, O.De La Villarmois, “CRM, apprentissage et contrôle organisationnel”, Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management, Vol.3, N°2, pp. 193210 ,2006 .
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  [9] K.Hamadi , Z.Jameleddine , “The Impact of E-Management on Organizational Performance: An Empirical Study in Tunisian Firms.”, World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.31-37, 2020.
  [10] F.Akrout, “Les méthodes des équations structurelles”, Imprimerie Coopi, Tunisia, pp100-150, 2010.
  [11] Y.Yan, D.Xiao-Ying , S.Kathy Ning , K.Mohamed, H.Jin-Xing , “Strategies, technologies, and organizational learning for developing organizational innovativeness in emerging economies”, Journal of Business Research, 66, pp.2507–2514, 2013.
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  [13] T. H .Roh, C. K. Ahn. and I. Han “the priority factor model for customer relationship management system success”, Expert Systems with Applications, 28 ,pp 641-654, 2005.

  Citation
  Hamadi Khlif , "Factors for Success in Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.9, Issue.1, pp.16-20, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  The Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic on Accommodations’ Tourist Demand in Syria (Analytical Study of Lattakia accommodations)

  Bassel Anwar Asaad, Mohammad Anwar Assaad

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp.21-25, Mar-2021

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  Abstract
  The study has focused on the following problem: the impact of coronavirus pandemic on total tourist demand in Lattakia accommodations in 2020. It also has the following aims: The study of tourist demand distribution on accommodations in Lattakia between 2010-2019. Defining coronavirus pandemic impact on tourist demand change of Lattakia accommodations in 2020. However, the descriptive analytical method has been used. The study has resulted in a set of outcomes; the most important ones are: Covid-19 has a great impact on total tourist demand of Lattakia accommodations in February and March accompanied with infection spread in Syria and neighborhood countries. Lack of total tourist demand on accommodations in April because of wide spread of the pandemic worldwide and in Syria. It’s impossible to predict total tourist demand on accommodations unless an effective vaccine is invented.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Tourist demand, Tourist sides, Tourist supply. Accommodations’

  References
  [1]. World Tourism Organization WTO, 2019 .https://www.e-unwto.org/toc/unwtogad/2019/5
  [2]. L.abaas,"The Impact Tourism crises on Demand and Supply", First Edition ,Tishren university.p24, 2016.
  [3]. B.A.Asaad ,"The Impact of Covid-19 (Coronavirus Pandemic) on the demand of health services in Syria (analytical study in Lattakia)",World Academics journal of management, Vol.8, Issue.2, pp.01-05, 2020.
  [4]. M.A.Camilleri , "Tourism Supply and Demand. In Travel Marketing, Tourism Economics and the Airline Product" (Chapter 8, pp. 139-154). Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature, This is a pre-publication version of a chapter that was accepted by Springer Nature, 4-8, 2018.
  [5]. A.O.Akuno, M.O Otieno, C.W Mwangi,"Statistical Models for Forecasting Tourists’ Arrivals in Kenya". Open Journal of Statistics, 5, 60-65, 2015.
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  [7]. R.Chris Ryan, "Recreational Tourism demand and Impacts", Published Channel View Publications, 3, 33, 2014.
  [8]. Y.W.Chang, M.y. Liao, Meng-Yuan,"A Seasonal ARIMA Model of Tourism Forecasting: The Case of Taiwan". Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 15(2), 215-221. 2010.
  [9]. S.HAIYAN, L. GANG L.(2010),"Tourism demand modelling and forecasting: how should demand be measured,Tourism Economics, 16 (1), 63–81.2010.
  [10]. C. Chaiboonsri, P. Chaitip,"The Modeling International Tourism Demand for Length of Stay in India", Social Development, Economic Development. Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology, 2(2), 1-17, 2012.
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  [12]. T.Bearir,"Policy option for tourism crisis" ,service and Population Perspectives and Issues 43(2): 71-84, 2011.
  [13]. M.P.NULTY ,:Risk & Crisis Management in Tourism Sector, Recovery From Crisis in OIC Member Countries", Standard committee for Economic and commercial Cooperation of the Islamic of organization cooperation, P 7-27. 2017.
  [14]. N. SAUSMAREZ ,"Crisis Management for the Tourism Sector:Preliminary Considerations in Policy Development", Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development August 2004, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 157 – 172, 2004.

  Citation
  Bassel Anwar Asaad, Mohammad Anwar Assaad, "The Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic on Accommodations’ Tourist Demand in Syria (Analytical Study of Lattakia accommodations)," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.9, Issue.1, pp.21-25, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Determinants of Household Demand for Wholesome Food in Oshodi/Isolo Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria

  Adesina M.A., Agwu V.N., Akin-Olagunju O.A., Yusuf S.A.

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp.26-30, Mar-2021

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  Fruit and vegetable consumption are essential sources of vital nutrients for the body`s micronutrient requirements. However, inadequate consumption of fruit and vegetables are often associated with cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases. Hence, this study investigates the determinants of household demand for wholesome food in Oshodi/Isolo local government area of Lagos State, Nigeria. With the aid of a well-structured questionnaire, the study employed the quadratic almost ideal demand system (QUAIDS) model and a two stage sampling technique to gather information from 180 households, however, only 109 households had relevant and complete information that was used for this study. The result showed that the mean expenditure for wholesome food was ?16633.1 and the wholesome food budget share for fruits and vegetables were 0.602148 and 0.397852, respectively. The total food budget share of protein was 0.268489 including animal protein meat and fish and also dairy products was almost equal to that of fruits (0.163025) and vegetables (0.107714) combined, which shows a poor nutritional or health status. The study revealed that income and educational status of household head, income and educational status of spouse, prices of food groups as well as household budget were the major determinants of wholesome food. Also, the study found that there is no substitution effect between wholesome food and other food groups, but a complementary relationship. Wholesome food own price elasticities for both Marshallian (-0.1960) and Hicksain (-0.0474) were negative which suggested that a fall in price will increase the demand of wholesome food. The study recommended the need for a better working environment and better employment opportunities, so people can have more resources in terms of income to have a higher demand level of wholesome foods.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  household demand, wholesome foods, budget share, quadratic almost ideal demand system

  References
  [1] Banwat, M.E., Albert, L.L., Daboer, J., Audu, S., Lassa, S., Fruit and Vegetable consumption. The Nigerian Health Journal, Vol. 1, Issue 12, pp. 12 – 15, 2012.
  [2] World Health Organization; 2018 Draft issued for public consultation in May 2018. Guidelines: Saturated fatty acid and trans-fatty acid intake for adults and children. Geneva, 2018.
  [3] Uusiku, N.P., Oelofse, A., Duodu, K.G., Bester, M.J., and Faber, M., Nutritional value of leafy vegetables of sub-Saharan Africa and their potential contribution to human health: A review. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis Vol. 23, Issue 6, pp. 499-509, 2010.
  [4] Ruel, M.T., Nicholas, M., and Lisa, S., 2011. Patterns and determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa. FAO/WHO workshop on fruits and vegetables for health, 1 3 September 2004. Japan. [Online] Available at www.who.mt./en/. Accessed 21/5/2011.
  [5] Ioannis, K., The Determinants of Households’ Food Consumption in Greece. International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics, Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp. 17-28, 2012.
  [6] Ibe, R.B., Rahji, M.A.Y., Adeoti, A.I., and Adenegan, K.O. Determinants of household demand for fruits and vegetables in urban south-western Nigeria. Acta Hortic. 1225. ISHS 2018. DOI 10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1225.43, pp 309 -314, 2018.
  [7] Kamga, R., Kouame, C., and Akyeampong, E., Vegetable consumption patterns in Yaounde, Cameroon. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development Vol. 13, Issue 2, pp. 7399-7414, 2013.
  [8] Ashagidigbi, WM., Adebayo, A.S., Salau, S.A., Analysis of the demand for fruits and vegetables among households in Nigeria. Sci Lett; Vol. 7, Issue 2, pp. 45-51, 2019.
  [9] Omonona, B. T., Nkang, N.A., and Ajao, F.A., Household food demand analysis: a survey of semi-urban and rural households in south-west Nigeria. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol 15, Issue. 3&4, pp. 315-324, 2009.

  Citation
  Adesina M.A., Agwu V.N., Akin-Olagunju O.A., Yusuf S.A., "Determinants of Household Demand for Wholesome Food in Oshodi/Isolo Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.9, Issue.1, pp.26-30, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  The Role of Leadership in an Emergency: Building and Supporting Believe In Times of Uncertainty- A Review

  Jameel Mohammed Ahmed, Shanavas Moosafintavida

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJM)

  Vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp.31-34, Mar-2021

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  Abstract
  COVID-19 has created an unexpectedcircumstance all through the world that go approximately in an unnervingswayon “Business as Usual”. The world economy has been traumatizedmassively, scores of lives have been lost, and a “New Normal” has been progressed by everyone. In this environment, the specialist gets to be a tall item and a wellsoughtafter capacity. In this way, individuals all overturn to decision-makers at the most excellent of the pecking arrange for their specialist aptitudes. This article gives a comprehensive examination of the commitment to studies on leadership amid Covid-19, recognising plans of thought and disclosures over distinctive social science disciplines, such as management and psychology. Help, it recognizes categories that accumulate papers concurring to the e-leadership and organisation, progressed rebellious, ethical issues, and social advancements, and it besides analyzes the portion of C-level executives, leader`s capacities inside the computerised age, sharpen for driving virtual bunches. Essential disclosures show up pioneers are key on-screen characters inside the trade advancement at any troublesome circumstances: they ought to make associations with distinctive and scattered accomplices and center on enabling collaborative shapes in complex settings while aiming to crush ethical concerns. With this examine, the article contributes to improvement speculatively the around transformational organization, publicising a wide and deliberate review.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Leadership, COVID-19, Management, Transformational

  References
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  Citation
  Jameel Mohammed Ahmed, Shanavas Moosafintavida, "The Role of Leadership in an Emergency: Building and Supporting Believe In Times of Uncertainty- A Review," World Academics Journal of Management, Vol.9, Issue.1, pp.31-34, 2021