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Open Access Article
Presence of Candida pelliculosa and Enterobacter cloacae in Street Food of Mumbai
Pratibha J Shah, Salooni Khanvilkar, Hanisha Mehta, Priyanka Yadav
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp.1-5, Feb-2023
Abstract
India is a densely populated country and is popular for its street-food. Food–borne infections are a well-recognized problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial load and safety issues of randomly obtained street-food samples sold in the streets of Mumbai. The food samples were analysed for their viable count, identification and antibiogram pattern of the isolates were also carried out. The average total viable count of all analysed food samples was found to be 2.19 x 104 cfu/ml. In this study, presence of Candida pelliculosa and Enterobacter cloacae are being reported for the first time in Mumbai`s street-food. Both Candida pelliculosa and Enterobacter cloacae have been reported in neonatal intensive care units of hospitals. Antibiotic and antifungal susceptibility tests of the isolates were carried out and Candida pelliculosa was found to be resistant to antifungals-Polymyxin B, Colistin, Clotrimazole, and Fluconazole. Enterobacter cloacae was found to be susceptible to Ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxime, Tetracycline and Imipenem and was resistant to Vancomycin and Erythromycin. As the worldwide urban population increases with rapid migration from rural areas, street-vended foods play a key role but also pose food safety challenges when they are prepared with disorganised food safety guidelines in small and unauthorised eateries. The vendor practices and hygiene of the vending area may be the reason for finding high microbial load in food samples. Hence the study emphasizes on the need to regulate the unauthorised and small food selling outlets, by conducting trainings, developing infrastructure, and carrying out regular inspections in a densely populated place like Mumbai.Key-Words / Index Term
Candida pelliculosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Street-foods, Food safety, Antibiogram.References
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Pratibha J Shah, Salooni Khanvilkar, Hanisha Mehta, Priyanka Yadav, "Presence of Candida pelliculosa and Enterobacter cloacae in Street Food of Mumbai," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.1, pp.1-5, 2023 -
Open Access Article
Durgha Sakthi R.S., Sindhu R., Prabu D., Rajmohan M., Bharathwaj V.V., Dinesh Dhamodhar M., Sathiyapriya
Review Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp.6-11, Feb-2023
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the biocompatibility and efficacy of various nano-functionalised hydroxyapatite nanocomposites by reviewing several in-vitro studies conducted to test its potential effects on human cell lines and animal cell lines. Methods: A survey of relevant scientific data was done utilizing Pubmed, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, Wiley Online Library, Science Direct, Scientific Reports, Grey literature, CINAHL, IOPscience, National library of medicine, Advanced Ceramic Progress, Hindawi, MDPI, JPSR, ACS, Springer, and by using MeSH "Hydroxyapatite nanocomposites and its biocompatibility and efficacy". As stated in Prisma guidelines, in search engines, these words were improved. Results: All four reviewed articles showed positive effects of Hydroxyapatite nanocomposites on their biocompatibility. HA/Au and HA/Pd showed negative results concerning osteoinduction and osteogenesis properties, whereas HA/MAG showed positive results. HA-natural polymers composite showed no cytotoxicity. The bioactive HA/Gr composite coating manifested no cytotoxicity and no antibacterial properties. HA/PCL composite improved cell adhesion and cell proliferation. Statistically, significant improvement in the biocompatibility and efficacy using nano-functionalised hydroxyapatite composites when compared to non-functionalised hydroxyapatite nanocomposites with p< 0.01 Conclusion: From the available scientific sources, Hydroxyapatite nanocomposites are very effective in bone tissue engineering and developing medical-grade prostheses owing to their high biological compatibility and efficiency.Key-Words / Index Term
Hydroxyapatite, nanocomposites, biocompatibility, osteogenesis, osteoinduction, bone tissue engineeringReferences
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Durgha Sakthi R.S., Sindhu R., Prabu D., Rajmohan M., Bharathwaj V.V., Dinesh Dhamodhar M., Sathiyapriya, "Comparing Biocompatibility and Efficacy of Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites at Nano-level for its Biomedical Application: A Systematic Review," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.1, pp.6-11, 2023 -
Open Access Article
Assessment of Enteropathogens from Fresh Vegetables Associated Serious Risks to Human Health
P. Sharnagat, K.P. Jaiswal
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp.12-17, Feb-2023
Abstract
The general public has become increasingly interested in eating fresh vegetables all over the world; microbiologically unsafe vegetables are a persistent public health issue in developing countries, including India. The goals of this study were to assess infection risks from enteropathogens for raw vegetable consumers in different geographical locations in Madhya Pradesh, India, as well as to evaluate effectiveness, pathogenecity, and infection risks. To achieve the objectives, samples were collected from different locations in Madhya Pradesh, India. The findings indicate that regular consumption of fresh, raw vegetables sold on the street would be harmful due to the presence of enteropathogens. Though the immunity of Indians is considered high, regular intake of such contaminated vegetables would detoriate the individual`s health.Key-Words / Index Term
Enteropathogens, contaminated vegetables, Human health risk, medicinal and therapeutic agent.References
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P. Sharnagat, K.P. Jaiswal, "Assessment of Enteropathogens from Fresh Vegetables Associated Serious Risks to Human Health," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.1, pp.12-17, 2023 -
Open Access Article
Fawaz Al-Badaii, Azhar Abdul Halim, Amal Alsharabi, Ebtesam Altiby, Entsar Naji, Kholod Mahdi, Mona Hujerh, Nabilah Alshawkani, Rehab Alshamy, Walid Alsayouri
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp.18-24, Feb-2023
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of ZnONPs synthesized by the green method using Nigella sativa extract against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pyogenes. In addition, the effect of pure ZnONPs on the same bacteria was compared to the effect of ZnONPs synthesized using the green method. The synthesis of ZnONPs was carried out using the standard green method. The results indicate that ZnONPs synthesized by N. sativa seed extract had an effect against S. aureus with a zone of 19 mm obtained from the concentration of 150 mg/ml of ZnONPs synthesized using 25 ml of N. sativa seed extract. Also, ZnONPs showed antimicrobial activity against S. pyogenes in zone 19 mm at 150 mg/ml concentrations of ZnONPs synthesized using 25 ml of N. sativa. The synthesized ZnONPs showed activity against K. pneumoniae in zone 14 mm for 100 mg/ml and 150 mg/ml of ZnONPs synthesized using 25 ml of N. sativa extract. Moreover, ZnONPs synthesized by the green method was low effective on P. aeruginosa. Finally, the results exhibited low antimicrobial activity of pure ZnONPs compared to the ZnONPs synthesized by the green method, and the best effect of ZnONPs was obtained at concentrations of 150 mg/ml of ZnONPs synthesized from 25 ml of N. sativa extract.Key-Words / Index Term
Antimicrobial activity; Zinc oxide nanoparticles; Green method; Nigella sativa; BacteriaReferences
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Fawaz Al-Badaii, Azhar Abdul Halim, Amal Alsharabi, Ebtesam Altiby, Entsar Naji, Kholod Mahdi, Mona Hujerh, Nabilah Alshawkani, Rehab Alshamy, Walid Alsayouri, "Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles using Nigella sativa Seeds Aqueous Extract and Antibacterial Activity Evaluation," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.1, pp.18-24, 2023 -
Open Access Article
Traditional Inland Fishing Practices in Bhadrak district of Odisha, India
Taranisen Panda, Nirlipta Mishra, Shaik Rahimuddin, Bikram K. Pradhan, Raj Ballav Mohanty
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp.25-33, Feb-2023
Abstract
This paper focuses on traditional fishing methods practiced by the fisherfolk communities of Bhadrak district, Odisha, India. Fifty-nine informants were selected for the study to enlist the varieties of fishing techniques that the people use to capture fish. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, data were collected through personal interviews and direct observation. A total of 15 handmade fishing devices made up of locally available resources are used to catch fish in freshwater bodies. The fisherfolk develop some unique fish-catching devices like Pohala and Bankia which ensure eco-friendly utilization of freshwater fishery resources without affecting the fish diversity in aquatic habitats. However, destructive fishing practices with fine mesh nets (e.g., masari jal) have also been noticed. Prominent fish species and prawns captured by using fishing devices include Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton, 1822), Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792), Channa striata (Bloch, 1793), Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822), Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879), Mystus gulio (Hamilton, 1822), Pethia conchonius (Hamilton, 1822), Wallago attu (Bloch & Schneider,1801) and Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822). The present investigation provides traditional knowledge-based fishing devices that may help proper management of fish resources in inland water bodies. Our findings affirm that fishers of the region still adopt the conventional method of fishing which affords substantial contributions to their livelihood. The challenge of using fine mesh nets can be overcome by creating awareness among the fishers.Key-Words / Index Term
Indigenous fishing methods, craft, fishermen, fish capture, gear, livelihoodReferences
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Taranisen Panda, Nirlipta Mishra, Shaik Rahimuddin, Bikram K. Pradhan, Raj Ballav Mohanty, "Traditional Inland Fishing Practices in Bhadrak district of Odisha, India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.1, pp.25-33, 2023 -
Open Access Article
Airen E. Marpiga, Renelle V. Caraig, George B. Quiatchon, Marc Andrei M. Modelo, Gabriel R. Nasol, Jousling Gabriell G. Pangan, Ruby Grace Relente, Chris Clay Rueda, Trisha Mae Tribaco, Russel Roxas
Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)
Vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp.34-40, Feb-2023
Abstract
Mosquito-Borne diseases or diseases that spread from host to host are a big problem around the world. This study intends to find out if processed Oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus) and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon) natural extract can be used as an inexpensive and environmentally friendly mosquito larvicidal solution. Based in some studies Oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus), and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon) contains natural chemical that can kill larvae in their early stage. The researchers used two (2) set-ups with four (4) containers including one (1) control group which will be the basis of the experiment, all the containers are containing twenty (20) live mosquito larvae from the Institute of Weed Science, Entomology and Plant Pathology (IWEP) of University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Laguna. The researchers added different concentrations and ratios of the solution in each container in this experiment. As the experiment conducted, the results show that less than fifty percent (50%) of the specimen was eliminated in the whole set-up, The experiment revealed that Oregano and Lemongrass larvicide solution is not enough to reach what this study aims for. Also, experiment results indicate that Oregano and Lemongrass solution is not enough to kill the larvae of mosquitoes. The researchers conclude that the Oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus), and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon) larvicide solution is not effective as an alternative mosquito (Culicidae) larvicide solution.Key-Words / Index Term
Mosquito Larvae, Lemongrass Solution, Oregano Solution, Liquid Mosquito Larvicide, STEM SHS PhilippinesReferences
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Airen E. Marpiga, Renelle V. Caraig, George B. Quiatchon, Marc Andrei M. Modelo, Gabriel R. Nasol, Jousling Gabriell G. Pangan, Ruby Grace Relente, Chris Clay Rueda, Trisha Mae Tribaco, Russel Roxas, "Oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus) and Lemongrass (Cybopogon) as Primary Ingredients for Liquid Mosquito (Culicidae) Larvicide," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.1, pp.34-40, 2023
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