Volume-10 , Issue-4 , Aug 2023, ISSN 2455-3174 (Online) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  The Efficacy of Coffee Husks Biochar in the Adsorption of Methyl Red from Textile Dyeing Wastewater

  Njeri Jacinta N., Nthiga Esther W., Muthakia Gerald

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRCS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp.1-9, Aug-2023

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  Abstract
  Contamination of water has become a global problem in the twenty-first century due to the entry of both organic and inorganic toxins into the water system. Enormous amounts of wastewater are discharged into the environment from the dyeing processes. Because of their great chemical stability, industrial effluent from textile production combined with insufficient dye degradation results in significant water contamination. Dye-contaminated wastewater poses major health concerns, including cancer, as well as problems for the aquatic environment. A common azo dye used in textile manufacture and as an antibiotic is methyl red dye (MRD) which finds its way into the water system when directly released or stray during the dyeing process. It is known to be poisonous, carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic, and cause respiratory issues. Therefore, it is crucial to keep an eye on the quality of water. There is a need therefore to remove these toxins from the environment and water. Coffee husks biochar (CHB) was produced by gentle pyrolysis of coffee husks at 350 °C followed by characterization using XRD, FT-IR, and SEM. Analysis using FT-IR revealed the vanishing of the O-H group in the coffee husks and the emergence of C=C, C=O, and C-O in the CHB indicating the conversion of husks to biochar. Besides, the SEM investigation demonstrated a change in the surface morphology of the CHB. In batch investigations, the impacts of CHB dose (0.2-1.2 g), medium pH (1-12), time of contact (5-60) minutes, and initial dye concentration (20-150 mgL-1) were investigated. Coffee husks biochar demonstrated remarkable efficacy in eliminating MRD with an impressive removal efficiency of up to 96.56% at optimum conditions. At pH 2 and 0.6 g of CHB, an adsorption equilibrium capacity of 10.42 mg g-1 was reached in 25 minutes. Langmuir isotherm proved to be the appropriate model for describing the MRD adsorption onto CHB, assuming a chemisorption mechanism.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Coffee husks biochar; methyl red dye; textile wastewater; Adsorption; removal efficiency; Adsorption isotherms

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  Citation
  Njeri Jacinta N., Nthiga Esther W., Muthakia Gerald, "The Efficacy of Coffee Husks Biochar in the Adsorption of Methyl Red from Textile Dyeing Wastewater," International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemical Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.1-9, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Factors Affecting Career Choice of NCE Chemistry Students of Sa’adatu Rimi College of Education, Kumbotso Kano

  S.M. Muhammad, A.D. Abdullahi, M. Muzammil, S. Garba

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRCS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp.10-16, Aug-2023

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  Career selection is one of the many important choices students make that have lifelong effects. This is because choosing a career that matches one’s interests, skills, and values significantly increases their chances for social-economic success, personal fulfillment, and happiness. However, whether or not a student is equipped with the requisite career choice information to necessitate informed decisions is yet to be established. Although a review of the literature shows that students face numerous challenges when selecting careers, the factors that influence career choice among students and the extent of their impacts are still not clearly understood. The study was conducted among part-time NCE Chemistry students (265) of the Sa’adatu Rimi College of Education in Kumbotso, Kano State. Using a descriptive survey research design, the study determined the level of family, gender, and school influence on career choices among NCE Chemistry students. Stratified sampling and simple random sampling were used for sample collection. The research instruments used in the study included students’ questionnaires. The data from the questionnaires was displayed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages). The current study found that schools have an impact on NCE Chemistry students` career choices. Based on the study, career choice in schools is concerned with resolving students` career confusion. Based on the findings of the current study, career experts are not invited to the school to provide career guidance lessons. The study also revealed that career selection assists students in acquiring knowledge and skills about specific careers. It was also discovered that career guidance in schools has a positive impact on students` career decision-making abilities. Gender influences career choices among NCE Chemistry students, according to the current study. Female students do not compete for the same jobs as their male counterparts. The current study also revealed that male and female students have different motivations for choosing a career. According to the findings of the study, male students have higher career goals than female students. The study`s findings reveal that male and female students are socially constructed to have different career choices.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  career choice, parental influence, self-efficacy, education, school environment, gender, disparity

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  Citation
  S.M. Muhammad, A.D. Abdullahi, M. Muzammil, S. Garba, "Factors Affecting Career Choice of NCE Chemistry Students of Sa’adatu Rimi College of Education, Kumbotso Kano," International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemical Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.10-16, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Kinetic modelling of p-Nitrophenol ions adsorption onto activated and non-activated carbon from macadamia nutshells in a model solution

  Lydiah N. Simiyu, Esther W. Nthiga, Paul Tanui, Gerald K. Muthakia

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRCS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp.17-23, Aug-2023

  Abstract

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  Abstract
  Water contamination caused due to organic pollutants has been a significant issue because they have a tendency to build up within the organism to hazardous concentrations. Additionally, they are often resistant to degradation and, as a result, persist in the environment for prolonged periods. Among the most common phenol derivatives is P-Nitrophenol (PNP), which is one of the most common and toxic pollutants found in wastewater. The present study investigates the potential of utilizing activated carbon derived from macadamia nut shell as an effective means of addressing the presence of P-Nitrophenol (PNP) in wastewater, aiming at its remediation. To introduce, the nutshell underwent charring in a blast furnace operating at a temperature of 600°C. The resulting ash was subsequently activated and employed for the purpose of adsorbing PNP from an aqueous solution. The activated and non-activated adsorbents were employed in order to examine the kinetics of PNP ion binding from a homogenous water solution, utilizing a lot of experimental setup. Sorption behaviour of PNP ions on both unmodified and modified sorbents was assessed using spectrophotometric measurements. Subsequent analysis was performed to analyse the obtained data, with approximate first-order kinetics and second order kinetics. The correlation coefficients (R2) provided strong evidence the complete set of experimental conditions conformed to the Pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with R2 figures above 0.9851. This finding explained how adsorption process of PNP ions involved a chemisorption mechanism. The modified adsorbent demonstrated higher experimental and calculated adsorption capacities compared to the unmodified adsorbent. Specifically, the modified adsorbent exhibited higher values when it came to the adsorption of PNP ions. The rate constants (k2) values were found elevated in the chemically altered adsorbent compared to the unaltered adsorbent. Among the PNP ions, the highest rate constant recorded was 5.130 ×10 1 (mg g -1min 1). The findings of the study demonstrated the effectiveness of the adsorbents in removing PNP from wastewater. This promising approach holds the potential to mitigate pollution in the environment resulting from industrial activities, while also offering an economically and environmentally friendly solution.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Adsorption, kinetics, macadamia nutshells, chemisorption, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second order

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  Citation
  Lydiah N. Simiyu, Esther W. Nthiga, Paul Tanui, Gerald K. Muthakia, "Kinetic modelling of p-Nitrophenol ions adsorption onto activated and non-activated carbon from macadamia nutshells in a model solution," International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemical Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.17-23, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Production and Characterization of Biodiesel from Prunus amygdalus “dulcis” Seed Oil

  Omolara Olusola Oluwaniyi, Ibrahim Opeyemi Oloruntele, Oladapo Bashir Olaniyi, Hauwa Adenike Sekoni, Muhammad Ibrahim Hamza

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRCS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp.24-31, Aug-2023

  Abstract

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  Abstract
  In biodiesel production, the cost of feedstock accounts for the largest percentage of the production cost and there is a food-fuel strain on the utilisation of traditional oils (groundnut oil, palm oil and palm kernel oil) as feedstock. Hence, the use of under-utilised and less expensive feedstock provides a unique opportunity of significantly reducing such cost and strain. This research investigates the use of sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus “dulcis”) seed oil as alternative feedstock for the production of biodiesel. The sweet almond seed oil was extracted via the solvent extraction method and trans-esterified using methanol with sulphuric acid as catalyst. The sweet almond seed has high oil yield (50%). The extracted oil has a specific gravity of 0.97 and low peroxide value (10.25±0.1 mMol/Kg) which are indications that it was of good quality. The fatty acid content of the seed oil revealed 61.62% of oleic acid predominantly present. Other fatty acids present are, linoleic acid (27.36%), palmitic acid (8.66%), palmitoleic acid (1.68%) and icosanoic acid (0.69%). The fatty acids composition shows a very high percentage (63.30%) of monounsaturated fatty acid in the extracted oil which makes it a good feedstock for biodiesel production. In the research, 83% biodiesel yield was achieved. The fuel properties of biodiesel prepared were also determined using standard test methods and were found to be within the ASTM and EN. Hence, Sweet almond seed oil can be a good dependable feedstock for biodiesel production.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Prunus amygdalus, biodiesel, seed oils, fatty acids, physicochemical, almond

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  Citation
  Omolara Olusola Oluwaniyi, Ibrahim Opeyemi Oloruntele, Oladapo Bashir Olaniyi, Hauwa Adenike Sekoni, Muhammad Ibrahim Hamza, "Production and Characterization of Biodiesel from Prunus amygdalus “dulcis” Seed Oil," International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemical Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.24-31, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Concentrations of Particulate Matter in Ambient Air from Three Different Locations in River State, Nigeria

  R.E. Ekpo, A.C. Marcus, E.O. Obruche

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRCS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp.32-38, Aug-2023

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  This research study was conducted due to growing industrial activities and the associated consequences around the study areas to evaluate the temporal and spatial variations (changes) in the concentrations of particulate matter in ambient air from Eleme,Aluu and Ikoku in Rivers state, Nigeria. The duration of this study lasted from April, 2021through January, 2022 which covered both dry and wet seasons. Particulate matters in ambient air were collected from these three different locations using air sampler (Mini volair sampler) as directed by(APHA). During the dry season, mean concentrations of Eleme was reported to be 40 ±10 µg/m3 and 60 ±026 µg/m3 for PM2.5 andPM10 respectively. Ikoku was reported to be 30 ±01 µg/m3 and 64 ± 024 µg/m3. While Aluuhad mean concentrations of 50 ±10 µg/m3 and 60 ±116 µg/m3. The result showed thatIkoku had the highest mean concentration of particulate matter. During the raining (wet) season, Eleme had a mean concentration of 27 ±16 µg/m3 and 37 ±30 µg/m3 for PM2.5 and PM10respectively. The mean concentrations of Ikoku were reported to be 23 ±08 µg/m3 and 35±14 µg/m3. Aluu was reported to be 13 ± 06 µg/m3 and 13 ± 06 µg/m3. Analyzed results clearly showed that the particulate matter concentration in the atmospheric region of the studied locations during the wet season, are above the WHO permissible limit for PM2.5 (12 µg/m3)and below the WHO permissible limit for PM10 (45 µg/m3 for PM10). The results of this research are clear indication that the ambient air within the study areas is quite polluted. Judging from the concentrations of PM recorded, it is recommended that the industries operating within the studied areas should be adequately monitored and control by established regulatory agencies to curtail and minimize further emission of these substances into the atmosphere, in order to make Port Harcourt a livable city for people.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Particulate matter, Eleme, Ikoku, Aluu, Samples, WHO

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  Citation
  R.E. Ekpo, A.C. Marcus, E.O. Obruche, "Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Concentrations of Particulate Matter in Ambient Air from Three Different Locations in River State, Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemical Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.32-38, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Contribute to the Removal of Mg2+ From the Brine Produced by Reverse Osmosis Units Using Na3PO4

  Arwa Adle, Mohammad Ghafar

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRCS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp.39-45, Aug-2023

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Desalination by reverse osmosis generates a stream of fresh water and approximately an equivalent volume of highly concentrated brine as waste. The waste brine is usually dumped back into the sea which increases the sea`s salinity in a way that can affect marine life. In this context, the current study demonstrates the possibility of removing magnesium ions from the brine solution produced by reverse osmosis units, where the optimal conditions for precipitation of Mg+2 magnesium ions were studied using trisodium phosphate at a temperature of T = 20 ± 5 Co and a pH =[8.5-9.4] corresponds to the output water. The research results indicate that when the ratio is: 10= we get a removal (95.9-97.3)% of magnesium ions, by adopting a mixing time of one hour, where the sedimentation is maximum and corresponds to the balance of the two-phase system. The changes in calcium removal were studied in the presence of magnesium ions, where the removal yield decreased with the increase of magnesium ions in the solution, and it also led to the removal of the total hardness of the water by (92.6-97)% and the conversion of excessively hard water into soft water using trisodium phosphate, in addition to that the formed precipitate can be converted into fertilizer for plants by way to recycle it.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  reverse osmosis, brine, calcium ions,magnesium ions, removal, trisodium phosphate

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  Citation
  Arwa Adle, Mohammad Ghafar, "Contribute to the Removal of Mg2+ From the Brine Produced by Reverse Osmosis Units Using Na3PO4," International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemical Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.39-45, 2023