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• Open Access   Article

  Study of the Efficiency of a Double-chambered Microbial Fuel Cell using Citrobacter sp

  Rabiya Sultana, Nirab. C. Adhikary, Mohan. C. Kalita, Narayan. C. Talukdar, Mojibur. R. Khan

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.1-9, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.19

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  Abstract
  Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are devices that use bacterial metabolism to convert chemical energy in organic matter to electrical energy from a wide range of organic substrates. In this work, the efficiency of a double-chambered microbial fuel cell was studied by taking Citrobacter sp.as the bacterium of interest, under different operational conditions with sucrose as the carbon source. Both the chambers of the MFC were separated by Nafion i.e. the proton exchange membrane (PEM) while the carbon cloths act as the respective electrodes. The maximum power density measured in this system was found as 125.67 mW/m². In this study, the growth condition of the bacteria was optimized for ambient temperature, which clearly revealed the temperature dependence of the MFC system for production of maximum current and voltage. Moreover, a pH optimization test of the MFC system was performed wherein the performance of the Citrobacter sp. was found to be better at pH 7.4 as compared to other pH values.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Citrobacter, double-chambered microbial fuel cell, proton exchange membrane, electrical power density, exoelectrogenic bacteria

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  Citation
  Rabiya Sultana, Nirab. C. Adhikary, Mohan. C. Kalita, Narayan. C. Talukdar, Mojibur. R. Khan, "Study of the Efficiency of a Double-chambered Microbial Fuel Cell using Citrobacter sp," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.1-9, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  In-Vitro Analysis of Extracts of Fresh Fruits and their Precaps Against Pathogenic Microbes

  Sunil Kumar Singh, Chandan Prasad, Shailendra Kumar Singh and Vinita Srivastava

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.10-16, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.1016

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  Abstract
  Phytochemicals present in plants are of great significance to humans in various ways. They contribute life sustaining properties and have a potential to provide vigor against diseases viz. cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this analysis was to acquire data about the anti-microbial activity of fruits and vegetables against different pathogens viz. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis. The extracts were prepared via solvent extraction method by dissolving different samples of fruits and vegetables in solvents viz. Acetone, Chloroform, 80% Methanol and 70% Ethanol for 48 hours. These solvents were kept under dark condition for two days so that the solvent retains its efficiency. Samples were then subjected to Anti-microbial susceptibility test and the analysis revealed that pre-cap of Vitis vinifera (Black grapes) gave the best result against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a diameter of 23.50 mm. It was observed that the extract of Anthocephalus cadamba (Cadamba) gave better results when dissolved in polar solvents viz. 80% Methanol and 70% Ethanol than in Chloroform. Fresh extract of Manilkara zapota (chiku) gave results only when dissolved in Chloroform against all the three pathogens.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Antimicrobial activity, Manilkara zapota, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Vitis vinifera, Anthocephalus cadamba; Acetone, Chloroform, 80% Methanol and 70% Ethanol

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  Citation
  Sunil Kumar Singh, Chandan Prasad, Shailendra Kumar Singh and Vinita Srivastava, "In-Vitro Analysis of Extracts of Fresh Fruits and their Precaps Against Pathogenic Microbes," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.10-16, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Abnormalities in Lipid Profile Amongst Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in North Indian Population

  Vikas Gupta

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.17-22, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.1722

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  Abstract
  Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Lipid abnormalities which can occur in diabetes mellitus can further complicate management of patients and is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Keeping the above in view the present study aims to look for association between the lipid profile amongst diabetic patients and normal healthy controls in the Punjabi population. To meet the above objective blood samples were collected from a total of 100 diabetic subjects (20 type 1 and 80 type 2 diabetes) visiting the OPD and ward of department of medicine, in Civil Hospitals of Kapurthala, Jalandhar and Amritsar and 100 normal healthy controls matched for age and sex. Each patient was investigated for plasma glucose fasting (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum cholesterol (TC), serum triglyceride (TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL) low density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). The mean serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol in diabetic subjects were 191.27 + 30.85 mg/dl, 159.11+ 37.11 mg/dl, 115.80 + 25.62 mg/dl, 31.48 + 7.68 mg/dl and 43.22 + 5.00 mg/dl while their levels in normal healthy individuals were 166.21 + 9.67 mg/dl, 123.69 + 15.87 mg/dl, 96.57 + 7.97 mg/dl, 24.78 + 3.15 mg/dl and 44.90 + 1.49 mg/dl respectively. The mean serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol was significantly higher while serum HDL value was significantly lower in diabetic subjects as compared to non diabetic subjects. This study shows dyslipidemia among diabetic patients and proposes that the failure to recognize the presence of abnormal lipid profile may be a primary cause of poor management often encountered in some of the treated diabetics.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Diabetes, Lipid Profile, Cholesterol, VLDL, LDL, HDL, triglycerides

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  Citation
  Vikas Gupta, "Abnormalities in Lipid Profile Amongst Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in North Indian Population," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.17-22, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extracts of Gymnema sylvestre against Pathogenic Bacteria

  N.Ramadass, N. Subramanian, R.Ponnulakshmi, J.Selvaraj

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.23-28, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.2328

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  Abstract
  The aim of our present study to investigate the phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Etholnolic and Chloroform leaf extracts of Gymnema sylvestre against some important pathogenic bacteria. The Ethonoloic and Choloroform leaf extracts of G.sylvestre showed significant antibacterial against some clinically important gram negative and gram positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538), Enterococcuc faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Escheria coli (ATCC8739), Salmonella enterica (ATCC 10798) respectively. The in-vitro antibacterial activity was performed by agar well diffusion method (25, 50, 75 and 100 µg/ml ). The maximum inhibition zone of ethonolic leaf extract was found in 100 µg /ml against gram negative bacteria such as Salmonella enterica (26mm), Escheria coli (24mm) and gram positive bacteria such as Enterocococcus faecalis (26mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (24mm). The maximum inhibition zone of chloroform leaf extracts found in 100 µg/ml (25,50,75, and 100 µg/ ml) against gram negative bacteria such as Salmonella enterica (24mm), Escheria coli (24mm) and gram positive bacteria Enterocococcus faecalis (23mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (23mm). The phytochemical tests were carried out and showed that the antibacterial activity of plant Gymnema sylvestre leaves were due to presence of phytochemical compounds such as Alkaloids, Flvanoids, Glycosides, Reducing sugar, Tannins, Saponins, Polysaccharides and Phenols. The ethonolic and choloroform leaf extracts of Gymnema sylvestre showed maximum inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterocococcus faecalis, Salmonella enterica and Escheriacoli. The Ciprofloxacin was used as a positive control.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Gymnema sylvestre, pathogenic microorganisms, antibacterial activity, bioactive components

  References
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  Citation
  N.Ramadass, N. Subramanian, R.Ponnulakshmi, J.Selvaraj, "Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extracts of Gymnema sylvestre against Pathogenic Bacteria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.23-28, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  The lack of UME6 sustain 2- deoxy-D-glucose toxicity under inositol limitation condition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

  Chidambaram Ravi and Vasanthi Nachiappan

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.29-33, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.2933

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  Abstract
  The glucose analogues 2-DG exposure affects glycolytic enzymes. Glucose-6 P is the precursor for the synthesis of myo-inositol metabolism, 2-DG exposer reduced myo-inositol level. In the current study, we found UME6 deletion depict resistance to the 2-DG toxicity. The UME6 deletion increased the INO1 β-galactosidase activity even the exposer of 2-DG in (0.025% and 0.05%) under I− condition compared to WT cells. The sever growth impairment was observed in 0.025% concentration of 2-DG, and also severally affects the INO1 transcription in WT cells under inositol deprivation. The 0.05% concentration highly toxic no growth was observed under inositol limitation, which led to abolish the INO1 transcription in WT cells. The UME6 transcription factor negatively regulates INO1 transcription this could be the reason for the resistance ume6∆ strain of 2-DG toxicity with I− condition. We conclude that the ume6∆ resistant with the exposure of 2-DG under inositol limitation condition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

  Key-Words / Index Term
  2-deoxy-D-glucose, INO1, β-Galactosidase activity, over production of inositol

  References
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  Citation
  Chidambaram Ravi and Vasanthi Nachiappan, "The lack of UME6 sustain 2- deoxy-D-glucose toxicity under inositol limitation condition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.29-33, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Establishment of Chemically Induced Arthritis and Diabetes Combinedly in Wistar Rats: An Experimental Study

  Usha Negi, Sanjay Chhibber, Seema Kumari

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.34-43, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.3443

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  Abstract
  The purpose of the present study was to establish combined animal model of chemically induced rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes and study various parameters. The study was conducted on adult male Wistar rats. Arthritis was induced by injecting CFA (Freund`s complete adjuvant) followed by administration of Alloxan monohydrate intra-peritoneally. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in sera were measured using ELISA. Histopathological changes in joint tissues, kidney and pancreas were examined using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Swelling and inflammation occurred within 24 hr with a significant increase in paw volume which showed no resolution till the 30th day. There was significant increase in blood glucose levels. Bodyweight, GSH and IL-10 levels were decreased in serum of diseased group animals. Spleen & thymus index, nitric oxide, MDA, MPO, GSH, and serum triglyceride levels were elevated in diseased animals. Also, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were extremely high in diseased animals as compared to control group. The joint histology showed synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration in joint tissues. The pancreas histology results showed disruption and reduction in the size of Islet of Langerhans. Radiological analysis showed deformation in bones. All these parameters confirmed the successful establishment of combined animal model for diabetes and arthritis.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Rheumatoid Arthritis, Diabetes, Freund`s complete adjuvant, Alloxan Monohydrate

  References
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  Citation
  Usha Negi, Sanjay Chhibber, Seema Kumari, "Establishment of Chemically Induced Arthritis and Diabetes Combinedly in Wistar Rats: An Experimental Study," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.34-43, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Alteration in Antioxidant Defence System and Oxidative Stress in blood of Liver Cirrhosis

  A.P. Thakkar, H.J. Shah, N.D. Patel

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.47-54, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.4754

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  Abstract
  Serum liver marker enzymes ALT, AST, ALP and GGT are generally used as liver marker enzymes however they cannot provide exact idea regarding establishment of liver disease condition because many liver cirrhotic participants indicate non-significant alteration. Present study is aimed to know the level of antioxidant defense system and oxidative stress in controls and cirrhotic participants. The cross-sectional study was carried out at tertiary centre of gastroenterologist unit at Anand. Experimental participants were divided into two groups: Control (n= 52, Age- 26.7±1.23 years, 39 M/ 13 F) and cirrhosis (n= 44, Age- 53.48±2.02 years, 34 M/10 F). All participants underwent anthropometric assessment, clinical examination, biochemical parameters, antioxidant parameters and lipid peroxidation marker or oxidative stress marker. Results of our study indicates non- conclusive increase in serum enzyme level. As an average only 42-67 % of the participants indicates increase (ALT (55%), AST (67.5%), GGT (57.5%) and ALP (42.5%)). The total antioxidant activity (Gallic acid equivalent (GAE (p<0.0001)) and Trolox equivalent (TE) (p<0.0001)) and antioxidant enzymes such as Catalase (CAT (p<0.0001)), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSHPx (p<0.0001)) and Glutathione-s-transferase (GST (p<0.0001)) were significantly decreased except superoxide dismutase (SOD (p<0.05)) during cirrhosis condition. Lipid peroxidation marker or oxidative stress marker (MDA) was significantly increased (p<0.0001) in cirrhotic participants compared to controls. The alteration in the above parameters is among all (100%) the participants. Study strongly indicates that antioxidant enzymes namely GST, GSHPx and CAT can be used as surrogate markers of oxidative stress for the cirrhosis condition.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Anthropometric Assessment; Biochemical Parameters; Total Antioxidant Activity; Antioxidant Enzymes; Oxidative Stress Marker

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  Citation
  A.P. Thakkar, H.J. Shah, N.D. Patel, "Alteration in Antioxidant Defence System and Oxidative Stress in blood of Liver Cirrhosis," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.47-54, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Comparative Analyses of Regeneration Potentiality of Eight Indigenous Aromatic Indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties

  Saikat Paul, Aryadeep Roychoudhury

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.55-64, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.5564

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  Abstract
  The development of an efficient in vitro regeneration system for economically-important aromatic rice cultivars is of urgent need for undergoing crop improvement through genetic modification. In the present work, comparative analysis of in vitro callus induction and regeneration efficiency of eight indigenous aromatic rice cultivars, viz., Kalonunia (KN), Gobindobhog (GB), Pusa Basmati (PB), Tulaipanji (TP), Radhunipagal (RP), IET 21261 (IET), Gandheswari (GN) and Radhatilak (RT) was carried out. The matured seeds were used as explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3 mg L-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 30 g L-1 sucrose for callus induction, while embryogenic calli were transferred to MS medium supplemented with combination of hormones, 1 mg L-1 naphthalene acetic acid, 2 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine and 4 mg L-1 kinetin for plant regeneration. The present study showed that all the varieties exhibited a high frequency of callus induction, ranging from 63.19% to 98.33%. The plant regeneration potential ranged from 93.43% to 33% depending on the genotypes examined. The maximum plant regeneration (%) was noted in KN (93.43%) followed by GB (90.83%), TP (89.34%), RP (89%), IET (75.92%), GN (74.66%) and RT (71%), whereas the minimum regeneration potential was observed in PB (33%). The regeneration potential was highly correlated with callus browning and callus production. The in vitro regenerated plants showed successful rooting and were well acclimatized under the conditions in growth chamber. Our observation highlighted a significant effect of genotype on callus induction ability, embryogenic response and plant regeneration capacity, suggesting the varietal difference in regeneration efficiency among the selected aromatic rice varieties.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Aromatic rice, Oryza sativa, Indica rice, Regeneration, Callus induction, Plant growth regulators, Tissue culture, Matured seed explant

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  Citation
  Saikat Paul, Aryadeep Roychoudhury, "Comparative Analyses of Regeneration Potentiality of Eight Indigenous Aromatic Indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.55-64, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Focus on Estimation and Antioxidant Studies of Salacia Species

  G. Priya, M. Gopalakrishnan, E. Rajesh and T. Sekar

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.65-74, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.6574

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  Abstract
  Salacia is a valuable medicinal genus found to be composed of various secondary metabolites. Hence, the present study was aimed to estimate three important secondary metabolites such as phenol, flavonoid and tannin. Antioxidant assays such as DPPH assay and ABTS assay and Total Antioxidant Capacity were also studied for this medicinal genus. Seven species of Salacia were considered for this present study. They are Salacia beddomei Gamble, Salacia chinensis L, Salacia fruticosa Heyne ex Lawson, Salacia gambleana Whiting & Kaul, Salacia macrosperma Wight, Salacia malabarica Gamble, and Salacia oblonga Wall. Various concentrations such as 20µg, 40µg, 60 µg, 80 µg and 100 µg were taken for all studies and the values are entered in terms of Mean±SD. In case of DPPH assay and ABTS assay, IC50 values are calculated using ANNOVA and Total Antioxidant Capacity was calculated using a calibration curve.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Salacia, phenol, flavonoid, tannin, Total Antioxidant Capacity, DPPH, ABTS

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  Citation
  G. Priya, M. Gopalakrishnan, E. Rajesh and T. Sekar, "Focus on Estimation and Antioxidant Studies of Salacia Species," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.65-74, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Antibacterial Activity of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Wattakaka volubilis (Linn.f.), A medicinal plant from Telangana, India.

  A. Aruna, M. Abhinesh, V. Bhavani and V. Krishna Reddy

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp.75-83, Feb-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i1.7583

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  Abstract
  Endophytic fungi are known to produce a wide range of metabolites of pharmacological importance. Endophytes associated with medicinal plants are targets for intensive research. This research paper deals with the endophytic fungi isolated from Wattakaka volubili also known as Dudipala, a high valued medicinal plant in traditional medicine. A total of 39 fungal species representing mostly imperfect fungi were isolated from different plant parts. The fungal species varied with geographic and environmental conditions of the same host species. Among different genera, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Phoma and mycelia sterilia were dominant. Solvent extracts of five endophytic fungi viz Aspergillus oryzae, Diplodia andamanensis, Fusarium graminearum, Penicillium rubrum and Rhizoctonia bataticola were tested against four human pathogenic bacteria, Antibacterial activity varied with the fungus as well as solvent. The inhibitory activity is very prominent on E.coli. Hexanol and chloroform extracts activity is very close to streptomycin. In light of these observations it is recommended that the pure extracts need to further test for antibacterial activity.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Wattakaka volubilis, endophytic fungi; antibacterial activity

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  Citation
  A. Aruna, M. Abhinesh, V. Bhavani and V. Krishna Reddy, "Antibacterial Activity of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Wattakaka volubilis (Linn.f.), A medicinal plant from Telangana, India.," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.75-83, 2019