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• Open Access   Article

  Investigation of Carmofur-Derived Growth Supression in Lung Cancer Cell

  Emre Çömlekçi, Canan Vejselova Sezer, Hatice Mehtap Kutlu

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp.1-5, Dec-2020

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  Lung cancer is a malignant form of uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissues with high incidence of mortality in the world. Despite the rise in survival ratios in recent five years lung cancer patients survived relatively poor because of the treatment limitations. Chemotherapeutics have biggest handicap in their usage for cancer treatment that cancer cells develop resistance to them. Herein, carmofur, a form of pyrimidine analogue was used for stimulating cell death in lung cancer cells based on its anti-proliferative potency in many cancer cells. Cytotoxic activity was tested via MTT assay. In addition, ultrastructural and morphological changes were evaluated via transmission and confocal microscopies. The IC50 value was determined to be 23 µM for 24 hours. Morphological and ultrastructural analyses imply to clear apoptosis. Consecutively, carmofur might be suggested for deeper examinations in the manner of improvement of the apoptosis triggering potency for designing a florouracil-derived permanent antineoplastic agent.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Carmofur, Lung cancer, Apoptosis, Cancer treatment, Cytotoxicity

  References
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  [17] E. Çömlekçi, C. Vejselova Sezer, H.M. Kutlu, ‘’Handling a Novel Nanoscale D-Erythro-Mapp in Lung Cancer Treatment: an in Vitro Cytotoxicity Research,’’ International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.14-18, 2020.

  Citation
  Emre Çömlekçi, Canan Vejselova Sezer, Hatice Mehtap Kutlu, "Investigation of Carmofur-Derived Growth Supression in Lung Cancer Cell," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.6, pp.1-5, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Influence of Various Substrates in Vermicomposting Its Application on Different Plants (Abelmoschus esculentus, Capsicum annum and Trigonella foetum-graceum)

  Liyarna R., Veena Gayathri Krishnaswamy, Mary Isabella Sonali J.

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp.6-13, Dec-2020

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  It is estimated that India produces about 4.3 million compost per year. Composting is nothing but a biological process of converting solid waste into organic matter or fertilizers, which can be useful for the plants. Vermicomposting is an ecological box that is an environmentally friendly technique that employs earthworms to convert solid waste into manures, which also contains hormones and enzymes that may act as plant growth hormones. Hence, the present study focuses on Vermicomposting`s process using different substrates (Sugarcane waste, Sheep manure, Paper waste, and Sewage sludge) by the mixture of two different earthworm species, Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugeniae. Further, their physicochemical characteristics were evaluated. Different microorganisms, like Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB), and Microflora, were isolated from the gut of earthworms to show the activity of plant growth promoting microbes present in earthworms. The isolated bacterial strains were characterized biochemically and molecularly identified. Finally, the vermicompost was applied as a fertilizer to study plant growth.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Vermicomposting, TKN, TOC, lady’s finger, chilli, and fenugreek

  References
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  Citation
  Liyarna R., Veena Gayathri Krishnaswamy, Mary Isabella Sonali J., "Influence of Various Substrates in Vermicomposting Its Application on Different Plants (Abelmoschus esculentus, Capsicum annum and Trigonella foetum-graceum)," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.6, pp.6-13, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Role of Wild Food Plants in Culinary Tourism Development of District Mandi Himachal Pradesh

  Tara Devi, Vijay Sen

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp.14-38, Dec-2020

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  Abstract
  Food plays manifold role in the travel plans of holiday makers to choose any tourist destination. People love to experience local tradition and culture through authentic cuisine making culinary tourism an important discipline of tourism management. Culinary tourism is a growing trend in tourism industry as travelers are now becoming increasingly focused and passionate on defining cuisine as a true artistic expression of a state, region or country’s culture. In present scenario culinary tourism includes full range of experiences, cooking classes, street food, wild food, specialty restaurants, dhabas, wineries and many more. There is something for everyone in the cuisine tourism industry. District Mandi of Himachal Pradesh has tremendous potential as culinary tourism industry because there are various local wild food items, which are prepared by local peoples and served to tourist coming from all over the world. District Mandi geographically comes under Western Himalayan region, is with rich floristic diversity known for its rich nutritive and medicinal value. The local cuisines prepared from wild plants here can promote this area as a favorite tourist destination. Wild food plants like Morchella esculenta-Guichchhee, Myrica esculenta-kaphal, Dioscorea belophylla -Taradee, Syzygium cumini- Jaamun, Punica grantatum – Daadu, Cordia obliqua - Lasura, Rhododendron arboretum – Buraans and Diplazium esculentum- Lingad are known to have high market value. These are sold at high price, locally, nationally or internationally. So, can be a good source of earning for local people and will be helpful in entrepreneurship development and rural prosperity by enhancing socio-economic status of local people of Mandi District. So present study has been undertaken to promote 30 important delicious cum medicinal local wild food plants of the district Mandi that can attract tourist from all over the world and can help to promote this region of state as a favorite cuisine tourism destination.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Cuisine, Wild Food, Culture, Tourist, Promotion, Socio-economic

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  Citation
  Tara Devi, Vijay Sen, "Role of Wild Food Plants in Culinary Tourism Development of District Mandi Himachal Pradesh," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.6, pp.14-38, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Bacterial taxonomic representation of Hypothyroid Breast Milk and Infant Faecal samples with OTU Heat Maps and Rare Faction Curves

  D. Esther Lebonah, J. PramodaKumari

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp.39-43, Dec-2020

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  Abstract
  The alterations of gut bacterial communities provoke disease conditions in humans. Gut bacterial dysbiosis is one of the causes of hypothyroidism. Maternal gut bacteria migrate towards the mammary glands via an endogenous cellular route and later inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of the breast-fed neonate through the entero-mammary pathway. So, it is necessary to expose the abundance and richness of bacteria inhabiting both in breast milk and infant’s gut. The study showed that the high number of OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) related to the many classes of bacteria and rarefaction curves related to some fraction of unidentified species diversity in all the samples.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Hypothyroidism, breast milk, infant faeces, bacterial communities, OTUs, Rarefaction curves

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  Citation
  D. Esther Lebonah, J. PramodaKumari, "Bacterial taxonomic representation of Hypothyroid Breast Milk and Infant Faecal samples with OTU Heat Maps and Rare Faction Curves," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.6, pp.39-43, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Traditional use and role of wild edible fern Diplazium esculentum and Pteridium aquilinum in socio-economic development of District Mandi of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya

  Tara Devi

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp.44-50, Dec-2020

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  Abstract
  Present study has been conducted in (31°42` 29.4" N latitudes and 76° 55` 52.92" E longitudes) Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh, North West Himalaya. It covers approximately 3,950 km2 area comprising 469 panchayats and 3374 villages with 2, 19, 145 households. The total human populations is 9, 99,777 and livestock population is 67355. District Mandi is endowed with rich floristic diversity and offers a rich source of wild food plants. Diplazium esculentum and Pteridium aquilinum are wild growing popular edible fern of District Mandi of Himachal Pradesh locally known as Lingad and Lingdu. Rural community in hills of district Mandi are directly and indirectly involved in collection and processing of these wild edible fern. They sell these ferns fresh and pickled. Value addition raises market value of these food plants up to 30 to 50%, as Diplazium esculentum is sold fresh at the price of Rs 40 to 80/kg in local market and its pickle is sold at comparatively high price of Rs 400 to 450/kg. Pickle is very much liked by local people and sold in local and national or international fair of Mandi region. It is served with local dishes like ‘siddu’ and ‘kachouri’ and is good source of earning for inhabitants of study area. Focused study on role and use of wild edible food plants at genus and species level was not done earlier, so present study was done to assess Traditional use and role of wild edible fern Diplazium esculentum and Pteridium aquilinum in socio-economic development of District Mandi of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Wild food plants, Capacity building, Rural community, Economic potential

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  Citation
  Tara Devi, "Traditional use and role of wild edible fern Diplazium esculentum and Pteridium aquilinum in socio-economic development of District Mandi of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.6, pp.44-50, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Prevalence and Factors associated with Nutritional Status and Individual Level Double Burden of Malnutrition among School Going Adolescents of Bangladesh: Findings from Global School-based Student Health Survey-2014

  Ahmed Jubayer, Md. Hafizul Islam, Md. Moniruzzaman Nayan, Md. Nazrul Islam Khan

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp.51-57, Dec-2020

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  Abstract
  Co-occurrence of two forms of malnutrition (undernutrition and over nutrition) is increasing within communities, families and even individuals through the rapid nutrition and food system transition. This study focused on investigating the extent of malnutrition including individual level double burden and associated factors influencing malnutrition amid school going adolescents of Bangladesh using 2014 Bangladesh GSHS survey data. HAZ and BAZ were used to examine the extent of malnutrition (stunting, thinness and overweight) among school going adolescents of Bangladesh. We also examined individual level double burden (coexistence of stunting and overweight at individual level). Logistic regression model was used to explore the determinants of malnutrition. Mean age, weight and height of study participants were 14.16±0.98 years, 46.09±8.29 kg and 156.97±9.1 cm respectively. 14.2%(95%CI:14.17,14.24) were stunted, 11.1%(95%CI:11.08,11.13) were thin or underweight and 10.5%(95%CI:10.42,10.59) were overweight. Individual level double burden was identified among 2.6%(95%CI:2.59-2.62) adolescents. Prevalence of stunting was significantly lower among younger adolescents, while other 2 forms of malnutrition among older adolescents was significantly higher. Odds of being stunted was 22.7% (OR=1.227, p<0.001) higher for boys, while being female gender was identified as a risk factors for other two measures. Household food insecurity was significantly correlated with stunting (OR=1.408, p<0.001) and thinness (OR=1.031, p<0.001). Furthermore, Regular soft drink consumption (OR=1.12, p<0.001) was related to overweight and regular fast-food consumption was significantly associated with thinness (OR=1.23, p<0.001). The study emphasized concurrency of undernutrition and over nutrition among school going adolescents that is a new experience for us. No single intervention can mitigate double burden of malnutrition. Major societal shifts are essential regarding nutrition and public health.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Adolescent, Duoble burden, Malnutrition, Bangladesh

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  Citation
  Ahmed Jubayer, Md. Hafizul Islam, Md. Moniruzzaman Nayan, Md. Nazrul Islam Khan, "Prevalence and Factors associated with Nutritional Status and Individual Level Double Burden of Malnutrition among School Going Adolescents of Bangladesh: Findings from Global School-based Student Health Survey-2014," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.6, pp.51-57, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Mushroom for the National Circular Economy

  Akhilesh Kumar Pandey, Smita Rajan, Surendra Sarsaiya, Sudhir Kumar Jain

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp.58-66, Dec-2020

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  Abstract
  Within the circular bio-economy, effective mushroom utilization through the key utilize of resources is fundamental in terms of producing profitable bioproducts, feasible improvement, and maximizing biological and socio-economic benefits. Commercial mushrooms are delivered on biowaste such as straw, saw tidy, and wood chips. As such, mushroom-forming fungi change over low-quality waste streams into high-quality food. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is ordinarily considered a waste material. Encourage investigation and advancement are required to create effective advances to empower the proficient exploitation of bioresources from mushroom. More prominent thought should be connected to vitality pathways to support such technologies. In this manner, there`s a request for development within the integrated approach in response to changing markets, and novel commercial models ought to be presented into the circular economy.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Mushroom; Circular Economy; Fungi; Application; Spent Mushroom Substrate

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  Citation
  Akhilesh Kumar Pandey, Smita Rajan, Surendra Sarsaiya, Sudhir Kumar Jain, "Mushroom for the National Circular Economy," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.6, pp.58-66, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Evaluating Effect of Fat, Sugar and Flour Substitutes on Properties of White Slice Dairy Bread

  Debora Conde Molina, Carla Quevedo, Valeria Arqueros

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp.67-75, Dec-2020

  Abstract

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  Citation

  Abstract
  White slice dairy bread (WSDB) is the most important industrial bread consumed in Argentina, it results an interesting target for developing a reduced calorie bread as it contains fat and sugar in its formulation. However, substitutions of ingredients should be carefully studied to keep original properties of the bread. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three commercial products, Toler Fat Less Saladas (TFLS) as fat substitute, Granofiber Sweet (GS) as sugar substitute and Granofiber Sym 200 (GS200) as flour substitute, in order to improve nutritional profile of WSDB. The rheological properties, evaluated by Rheofermentograph and Mixolab, were studied on flour and on white slice dairy bread formulation. Additionally, texture profile analysis was applied on baked bread. TFLS caused a similar effect to fat. GS showed less gas production than sugar during fermentation stage, however baked bread presented similar loaf specific volume. Substitution of flour with GS200 revealed significant decrease of fermentation capacity and dough development. Otherwise, bread loaf specific volume showed satisfactory results when GS200 was applied, allowing to formulate a high fiber bread with similar end-product texture properties to original bread. We conclude that substitutes evaluated in this work can be used for breadmaking to improve nutritious quality of bread for health benefits.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  White bread, fat substitute, sugar substitute, flour substitute, dough rheology, bread texture

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  Citation
  Debora Conde Molina, Carla Quevedo, Valeria Arqueros, "Evaluating Effect of Fat, Sugar and Flour Substitutes on Properties of White Slice Dairy Bread," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.6, pp.67-75, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Bioremoval of Mercury )Hg+2(, Copper )Cu+2(, and Lead )Pb+2( from Water by macroalgae; Enteromorpha intestinales

  Mostafa Abdel Mohsen El Gammal, Mohammed Nageeb, Abduljalil Ahmed Al-Shaikh Mubark

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp.76-81, Dec-2020

  Abstract

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  Abstract
  Bioremoval is an economically and successful technique to take away heavy metals by macroalgae. Enteromorpha intestinales is one of the main species of green macroalgae in the water Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia. It is tested as bioremoving for the three heavy metals; Hg, Cu, and Pb from water. The concentrations solutions of heavy metals have been used in five replicates; Cu (2,4,6,8,10) ppm, Hg (1,2,4,6,8) ppm, and Pb (0.5,1,1.5) ppm with live E. intestinalis. The results were demonstrated that the relative growth was little affected in the three heavy metals concentrations. The removal % and the sorption capacity were more significant with Hg and Cu and lower with Pb. The concentration of heavy metals in dry E. intestinalis was increased with increased concentration of metals in solutions. The bioconcentration; BCF was taken a decreased trend with increased metals. From this study, we can use E. intestinalis for removing the Hg Cu and pb at low concentrations in water pollution.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Macroalgae - Enteromorpha intestinales – Heavy metals – Bioremoval – Hg, Cu, and Pb

  References
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  Citation
  Mostafa Abdel Mohsen El Gammal, Mohammed Nageeb, Abduljalil Ahmed Al-Shaikh Mubark, "Bioremoval of Mercury )Hg+2(, Copper )Cu+2(, and Lead )Pb+2( from Water by macroalgae; Enteromorpha intestinales," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.6, pp.76-81, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  An Assessment of Entomofaunal Diversity in Narmada Canal Command Area of North Gujarat region, India

  Kalavanti Mokaria, Ketan Tatu, R.D. Kamboj

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp.82-88, Dec-2020

  Abstract

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  Abstract
  An insects survey was conducted in Narmada Canal Command Area (NCCA) of North Gujarat region as a part of project “Study on Impact of Narmada Canal System on Environment and Ecology of the Areas benefited by the Canal System in Parts of North Gujarat, Saurashtra & Kachchh in Gujarat State”. The study includes 4 districts falling in North Gujarat region viz. Gandhinagar, Banaskantha, Mehsana and Patan. Visual Encounter Survey (VES) was carried out to detect and record insects in these districts. A total of 126 species belonging to 11 orders and 56 families were recorded in North Gujarat region. During this study, out of total species encountered in North Gujarat region around 28.57 % of species diversity is contributed by Lepidoptera and 13.49 % of species diversity is contributed by Odonata order. In, Banaskantha District, a total of 43 species of insects were encountered which belonged to 11 orders. In, Patan District, a total 44 species of insects were recorded that belonged to 8 orders. In, Mehsana District, a total of 50 species of insects recorded that belonged to 8 orders. In, Gandhinagar district, a total of 83 species of insects were encountered which belonged to 11 orders. Insect are beneficial to ecosystem directly or indirectly. Insect perform various different roles within ecosystem like pollination, seed dispersal, control population of other organisms, nutrient cycling and maintain soil fertility and provide a major food source for other taxa. The major insect groups recorded during the study mainly belonged to the groups like Dragonflies, Damselflies, webspinners, Grasshopper, Cricket, Locusts, Roaches, Mantis, Termites, Bugs, Antlions, Lacewings, Beetles, Flies, Mosquitoes, Ants, Bees, Wasp, Butterflies and Moths.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Banaskantha, Gandhinagar, Insect, Mehsana, North Gujarat, Narmada Canal Command Area (NCCA), Patan

  References
  [1] A. B. Vora, R. Y. Gupte, A. A. Ahluwalia and C. K. Shah, “Environment Impact Assessment Studies on Flora and Fauna of Command Area North of River Sabarmati up to Rajasthan”. Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam limited. Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India pp. 1-582, 1995
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  Citation
  Kalavanti Mokaria, Ketan Tatu, R.D. Kamboj, "An Assessment of Entomofaunal Diversity in Narmada Canal Command Area of North Gujarat region, India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.6, pp.82-88, 2020