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• Open Access   Article

  Mycoses Infection in Some Fresh Water Carps of Tarai Region of Balrampur

  Sadguru Prakash

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp.1-4, Feb-2021

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  Abstract
  Fungal infection (Mycoses) are one of the most common deceases found in all fishery ponds because spores of aquatic molds are found in fresh waterbodies and create stress in the cultured fishes. The objective of the present research work was to examine the fungal infection in the indigenous carps viz. Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Labeo calbasu and Cirrhinus mrigala. These fishes were collected from fresh waterbodies of Balrampur during July, 2019 to June, 2020. The result of present investigation revealed that (i) about 30% indigenous carps inhabiting in the local waterbodies of Balrampur were infected with fungal diseases (ii) the intensity of fungal infection varies from host to host, species to species and season to season and (iii) Achlya sp., Aspergillus sp., Allomyces sp., and Saprolegnia sp. were found to be virulent for indigenous carps.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Fungal diseases, Indigenous carps, Prevalence, Fish culture

  References
  [1]. S.Prakash, D.K. Yadav, and L.Jaishwal, (2021). Population dynamics of crustacean parasites of fresh water fishes at Bahraich, U.P. International Journal of Zoology and Applies Biosciences. 6(1):15-18, 2021.
  [2]. S. Prakash, and D.Singh. Seasonal variation of helminth Parasites in fresh water fishes of Sauwan Nallah of Balrampur, U.P., India. International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences. 7(4): 26-29.2020.
  [3]. S. Prakash and A.K. Verma. Incidence of parasites in Labeo rohita (Hamiliton) at Balrampur (U.P.). Life Science Bulletin. 14(2): 181-183. 2017.
  [4]. S. Prakash and A.K. Verma. Seasonal variation in prevalence of ectoparasitic infection in Indian major carps at Balrampur, U.P., India. Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology. 41(10):121-127.2020.
  [5]. S.Prakash, K.K. Ansari, J.P. Tiwari, and R.R. Srivastava,. Seasonal distribution of Aquatic fungi and their impact on Fish health in Some fresh water Lentic waterbodies of Tarai region, Balrampur (U.P.). J. Basic Appl. Mycol. 1(2):211-213. 2002.
  [6]. K.B. Kumari and R. Sivakami. An Analysis of fungal infection in Some Economically important freshwater fishes of Mayanur Dam, Karur district, Tamil Nadu, India. Int.J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 7(1):1062-1066. 2018.
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  [14]. R.C. Srivastava. Study in fish mycopathology, a review.Mycosen.23: 325-332. 1980.
  [15]. Jamaluddin, S., Goswami, M.S.G. and Ojha, B.M. (2004). Fungi of India (1988-2001). Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur (rajsthan), India, pp.326. 2004.
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  [18]. R.Kumari and C. Kumar. Fungal infection in some economically important fresh water fishes in Gandak river near Muzaffarpur region of Bihar. International Journal of Life Science & pharma research. 5(1):1-11.2015.
  [19]. Parveen, I. (2018). Some fungal parasites of fresh water fishes from Parbhani district . Indian Journal of Applied Research. 8(10):1-2.

  Citation
  Sadguru Prakash, "Mycoses Infection in Some Fresh Water Carps of Tarai Region of Balrampur," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.1-4, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Effect of Bisphenol-A on the Bioconversion of Tea Waste into Vermicompost by Eudrilus Eugeniae (Kinberg, 1867) at Different Intervals

  A. Bhuvaneswari, K. Kalaivanan, S. Durairaj, G. Selladurai

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp.5-12, Feb-2021

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  Abstract
  Vermicompost has been appropriate alternative for the best hygienic and cost effective disposal of wastes. Since the vermitechnology is considered as one of the best methods, the largely available tea waste was taken to the present work to study the efficiency the Eudrilus eugeniae in the management of such waste by converting it into vermicompost. The efficiency of the conversion of Tea waste into compost in the form minerals N, P, K and Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu by Eudrilus eugeniae has been analyzed on 15th and 30th days. Physical characteristic were also analyzed simultaneously to understand the efficiency of earthworm in maintaining the physical status of the soil. Macro and micro nutrients were increased significantly on 15th and 30th days. FTIR spectrum was recorded for the control and experimental compost. The variation of spectrum was noted. The Spectrum of experimental consisted of nitrogen rich peak. The control system has no N-H stretching peak whereas tea waste spectra has N-H stretching peak. The peak at Bisphenol-A leads to large number of hydrogen group i.e., the mixture has more moisture than the control system. The tea waste has flavonoids which also exhibit the OH group at the same system. To understand the anatomy, histology of the different parts of the earthworm was studied. Histology of the tested anterior region of Earthworm reveals that the cuticle is not much damaged. The dorsal and ventral blood vessel ruined largely. The control animal of clitellar region showed intact structure of internal organs. The coelom and Blood vessels are well marked. In the experimental animal, the clitellar region showed slight modification of the anatomy. The pigment cells are prominent in the waste treatment with Bisphenol-A. In some places, the circular muscles are disorganized. In middle region, the cuticle and the epidermis are intact. The study reveals the impact of the Bisphenol on the conversion of tea waste into compost.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  tea waste, vermicompost, micro and macro nutrients, FTIR, histology of Earthworm

  References
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  Citation
  A. Bhuvaneswari, K. Kalaivanan, S. Durairaj, G. Selladurai, "Effect of Bisphenol-A on the Bioconversion of Tea Waste into Vermicompost by Eudrilus Eugeniae (Kinberg, 1867) at Different Intervals," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.5-12, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Organophosphate Pesticide-induced Cytotoxicity in Rat Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and Ameliorating Effect of Quercetin

  Mradu Bhadauriya, Preety Dubey, Nalini Srivastava

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp.13-20, Feb-2021

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  Abstract
  Organophosphate pesticides (OP) are the most extensively used chemicals all over the world and therefore, responsible for most of the human poisoning cases. Present study is carried out to evaluate the in vitro toxicity of quinalphos (QNP) and chlorpyrifos (CPF), the two commonly used OP pesticides, using rat peripheral lymphocytes, and protective effects of a natural flavanoid, quercetin. Results showed dose-dependent and exposure-time dependent cytotoxicity of both QNP and CPF, estimated by MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase release in culture medium. The pesticides also showed dose-dependent decrease in the levels of ATP in lymphocytes. The results clearly showed compromised membrane integrity leading to cell death by lysis on exposure with QNP or CPF. The anticholinesterase activity of QNP and CPF were evident from the dose-dependent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in cultured rat lymphocytes. Quercetin, a well-known flavanoid with antioxidant activity, when given along with the QNP and CPF, resulted in decreased toxicity of both the pesticides. Quercetin co-treatment therefore, offered partial protection against OP pesticide induced toxicity.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Quinalphos, Chlorpyrifos, Cytotoxicity, Lactate dehydrogenase release, Quercetin

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  Citation
  Mradu Bhadauriya, Preety Dubey, Nalini Srivastava, "Organophosphate Pesticide-induced Cytotoxicity in Rat Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and Ameliorating Effect of Quercetin," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.13-20, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Improving Quality and Production of Horticultural Crops Through the Use of A Biostimulant Based on Inula Viscosa and Control of Seedling Pathogens

  D. Prisa

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp.21-27, Feb-2021

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  Abstract
  In this research work the possibility of using a biostimulant based on Inula viscosa L. (Dittrichia viscosa L.) to improve the growth and quality of Licopersicon esculentum L., Daucus carota, Pak choi, Perilla frutescens Petroselinum crispum plants. was evaluated. Additionally, in the experiment the presence of plant mortality following attacks of Pithyum spp.and Fusarium sp. has been examined. The five experimental groups in cultivation were: i) group without biostimulant, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; ii) group with microrganisms, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; iii) group with algae, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; iv) group with Inula viscosa, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; v) group with (INORT: mix Microorganisms + Inula viscosa + Algae), irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized. The trial showed that all Lycopersicon esculentum L, Daucus carota, Pak choi, Perilla frutescens and Petroselinum crispum plants treated with Inula viscosa biostimulant showed significant increase in the agronomic parameters analyzed compared to the untreated control. The results show that the use of the biostimulant introduced in the medium can improve the quality of treated plants by significantly increasing seed germination and plant growth. The data also show that the use of this product has effects on plant protection from Pithyum spp. and Fusarium sp. Further researches will be carried out on the use of Inula as biostimulant in order to investigate if there is a specificity of improvement or worsening according to the type of plant on which it is used, if there are differences according to the type of extraction, methods and times of plant harvesting, association or not with other biostimulants of natural origin. The use of Inula as a biostimulant associated with algae and microorganisms in this and other experiments has shown significant effects in the cultivation of plants that, although deserving further investigation, are certainly of interest for farmers.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Sustainable applications; Plant quality; Vegetables; Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria; Biocontrol

  References
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  Citation
  D. Prisa, "Improving Quality and Production of Horticultural Crops Through the Use of A Biostimulant Based on Inula Viscosa and Control of Seedling Pathogens," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.21-27, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Bioremediation Potential of Mushrooms

  Sudhir Kumar Jain, Akhilesh Kumar Pandey

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp.28-31, Feb-2021

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  Abstract
  Potential of Mushroom to work as Bio-remediating agent has made a significant remark in the field of Environment Management. Ability of mushrooms to grow on agro-industrial waste has made researchers to ponder over the new and better possibilities to clean the environment. There are certain things which are yet to be explored like oil is a mixture of a number of toxic derivatives. Can mushrooms eradicate or detoxify all of them? Secondly, Can the edible species of mushroom involved in bioremediation, be declared safe to use? Restoration of polluted land can be used to grow food crops or not? So, there is a lot to explore yet. Although, this practice has a lot of future prospects, carrying forward the economic concept of Mushroom Cultivation Technique & its role in Bioremediation.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Bioremediation, Mushroom, fungi

  References
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  Citation
  Sudhir Kumar Jain, Akhilesh Kumar Pandey, "Bioremediation Potential of Mushrooms," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.28-31, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Murine Monoclonal Antibodies against the Antimicrobial Peptide Oreoch-2 from Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

  Maylin Pérez-Bernal, Onel Valdivia, Reinaldo Blanco, Joel Pérez, Andy Domínguez, Liliana Basabe, Rebeca Martínez, Yeosvany Cabrera

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp.32-35, Feb-2021

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  Abstract
  Classic hybridoma technology has developed monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against a wide variety of antigens with several applications in biotechnology. In this work, murine mAb secreting hybridomas were generated for specific recognition of antimicrobial peptide Oreoch-2, isolated from tilapia and with demonstrated antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. BALB/c mice were immunized with Oreoch-2 conjugated to bovine albumin. Cell fusion was performed between lymphocytes isolated from spleen of mouse with highest antibody serum titers and P3/x63.Ag8.653 myeloma cells. Three hybridomas with stable secretion of anti-P22 mAb were obtained, which did not show cross-reactivity with Oreoch-1 related peptide. The mAbs will be used in the study of the action mechanisms of antimicrobial peptide Oreoch-2 and to establish analytical tools for its detection and quantification in pharmaceutical formulations.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  ascitic fluid, cell fusion, ELISA, hybridoma

  References
  [1] K. Bermúdez, G. Hidalgo, R. Mora, C. Rodríguez, B. Ysmael-Acle, J. Mora, “Anticuerpos monoclonales biespecíficos: desarrollo, producción y anticancerígena,” Revista Médica de la Universidad de Costa Rica, Vol.13, No.1, pp.11-29, 2019.
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  Citation
  Maylin Pérez-Bernal, Onel Valdivia, Reinaldo Blanco, Joel Pérez, Andy Domínguez, Liliana Basabe, Rebeca Martínez, Yeosvany Cabrera, "Murine Monoclonal Antibodies against the Antimicrobial Peptide Oreoch-2 from Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.32-35, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Cell-Cell Coupling And Cell Hubness Make a Cell More Resistant Against Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Stress: A Computational Modeling Study

  Sajjad Farashi

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp.36-40, Feb-2021

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  Abstract
  In this study, a computational framework was used to check out how cell physical connections to neighboring cells and the hubness property of a cell affect its response to environmental stress such as extremely low-frequency electromagnetic (ELF-EMF) intervention. For this purpose, a mathematical model of a special kind of excitable cells, i.e. human pancreatic beta-cell was incorporated. The connection between cell models was also formulated by a mathematical expression. Furthermore, by changing the characteristics of the model toward increasing calcium dynamics, the hubness property was assigned to the cell model. Using this mathematical model the effect of ELF-EMF was investigated. The simulation results indicated that the physical connection of a cell to its neighbor cells enhanced its potential to tolerate ELF-EMF stresses, possibly via channel sharing or via perturbing ELF-EMF field. Also, when a cell possessed the hubness property, it showed higher resistance against ELF-EMF interventions, possibly due to different calcium dynamics compared with non-hub cells.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Computational modeling, Electromagnetic, Cell coupling, Hub-cell

  References
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  [5] Q. Jiao, X. Li, J. An, Z. Zhang, X. Chen, J. Tan, et al., "Cell-cell connection enhances proliferation and neuronal differentiation of rat embryonic neural stem/progenitor cells," Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, vol. 11, p. 200, 2017.
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  [16] S. Farashi, P. Sasanpour, and H. Rafii-Tabar, "Interaction of Low Frequency External Electric Fields and Pancreatic ?-Cell: A Mathematical Modeling Approach to Identify the Influence of Excitation Parameters," Int J Radiat Biol, 2018.
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  Citation
  Sajjad Farashi, "Cell-Cell Coupling And Cell Hubness Make a Cell More Resistant Against Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Stress: A Computational Modeling Study," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.36-40, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Locally Produced Oil Palm from Unwana Palm Plantation in Afikpo North Local Government of Ebonyi State, Nigeria

  R.E. Nnam, V.O. Obinna, N.J. Emerenini, N.U. Okoro

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp.41-48, Feb-2021

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  Abstract
  Unwana as one of the semi-urban communities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria is blessed with resources one of which is a palm plantation. This plantation is a major source of red palm oil consumed by both the community and its environs. This oil is consumed in its raw form without further refinement. Therefore, the need to assess the quality of the unrefined palm oil produced from the palm plantation cannot be overemphasized hence this research. The research is geared towards ascertaining whether the locally produced palm oil produced meet the required global standard for crude palm oil. The characteristic of the locally produced palm oil was investigated for its physical, chemical and thermal properties. The physical properties evaluated included Specific gravity, Viscosity and Refractive index of the oil; Chemical properties are the moisture content, FFA, Total Carotenoids, Total Polar compound, Saponification Value, Iodine value, Peroxide value and Ester value while for thermal properties, the melting, smoking, flash and fire points of the oil were evaluated. From the result of the analysis, the three properties considered fell within the recommended value for nutritional limit by SON, FAO and WHO. This shows that the locally produced red palm oil from Unwana plantation is healthy and fit for consumption.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Unwana, Palm oil, Physicochemical properties, Thermal properties; Oil mil; Nigeria

  References
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  Citation
  R.E. Nnam, V.O. Obinna, N.J. Emerenini, N.U. Okoro, "Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Locally Produced Oil Palm from Unwana Palm Plantation in Afikpo North Local Government of Ebonyi State, Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.41-48, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Lung Detection and Segmentation for Cancer Diagnosis in Machine Learning Approach

  G. Nallasivan, M. Sivaranjani

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp.49-54, Feb-2021

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

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  Abstract
  Segmentation is a significant advance in the handling and grouping of clinical images for radiological or computer supported diagnostics. All in all, to analyze the condition, the lung CT CAD (Computer-Aided Diagnosis) first isolates the district of concern (lung) and afterward dissects the knob location zone independently acquired. By permitting the utilization of magnificent correlations among air and encompassing tissues, regular lungs can be portioned. Nonetheless, this strategy bombs where the lung pathology is influenced by high thickness. Thick pathologies are found in around one-fifth of the clinical sweeps, and it is significant that the total and impeccably lung a piece of the image is seen and that no portion is destroyed as present in the first image for computer assessment, for example, the distinguishing proof and measurement of obsessive districts. In this paper, we recommended a lung division method that effectively isolates lung tissues from lung CT check images.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Computer Assisted Diagnosis, Medical Image Recognition, Growing Region, Segmentation, Thresholding

  References
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  Citation
  G. Nallasivan, M. Sivaranjani, "Lung Detection and Segmentation for Cancer Diagnosis in Machine Learning Approach," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.49-54, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  A Comparative Study of Kraits (Squamata: Elapidae: Bungarus) Found in West Bengal, India

  Pradip Bhattacharjee, Saikat Sarkar

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp.55-59, Feb-2021

  Abstract

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  Citation

  Abstract
  A collective data on kraits (genus Bungarus) showed the presence of six different species of kraits in West Bengal, India. The recorded krait species are- Common Krait or Indian Krait (B. caeruleus), Banded Krait (B. fasciatus), Wall’s Krait (B. walli), Greater Black Krait (B. niger), Lesser Black Krait (B. lividus) and North-eastern Hill Krait (B. bungaroides). There was a constant debate over the existence of some of those species, and some misconceptions too, but based on the recent data collected from various authentic sources as well as based on our field study, it is confirmed that six species of kraits are available, although their distribution differs significantly. The unique pattern of envenomation and subsequent symptoms of krait bite are the major reasons to understand the kraits in depth. This study is mainly aimed to prepare a comparative data on the general morphology with special reference to their identifying features and distribution in West Bengal.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Bungarus, Distribution, Kraits, Morphology, Snakes.

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  Citation
  Pradip Bhattacharjee, Saikat Sarkar, "A Comparative Study of Kraits (Squamata: Elapidae: Bungarus) Found in West Bengal, India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.55-59, 2021