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• Open Access   Article

  Production Kinetics of Xylanase and Carboxy-methyl Cellulase of Schizophyllum commune in Submerged Fermentation Technique

  Kausik Majumder, Sumira Mukhia, Urmila Koirala

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.81-85, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i2.8185

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  Tamarind kernel powder (TKP), a soluble agro-residue was used to evaluate the production of xylanase and CMCase in submerged culture of Schizophyllum commune, a white rot basidiomycetes fungi. Soluble TKP containing xyloglucan as the major polysaccharide induced significantly xylanase production but CMCase production was not significantly improved. The culture filtrate consisting of xylanase and CMCase at a ratio of 10:1 (approx) and 1.5:1(approx) in TKP and cellulose medium respectively. It may therefore, be indicative that inducer molecules released from TKP or cellulose were not identical and Tamarind kernel powder, although structurally similar to cellulose, therefore, was found to be the perfect inducer for xylanase production in submerged culture of Schizophyllum commune. Use of mixed substrate in a single set of fermentation reveals that addition of 0.5 % TKP in cellulose medium improved CMCase titer, whereas addition of 0.5 % cellulose in TKP medium did not increased the production level of xylanase. Therefore, the present study reports the successful economic utilization of TKP, an abundantly available for the production of xylanase, an enzyme of industrial importance.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Tamarind kernel powder, Schizophyllum commune, xylanase, CMCase

  References
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  Citation
  Kausik Majumder, Sumira Mukhia, Urmila Koirala, "Production Kinetics of Xylanase and Carboxy-methyl Cellulase of Schizophyllum commune in Submerged Fermentation Technique," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.81-85, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Dyeing of cotton with natural dyes from Bluebell vine, Globe amaranth, Marigold and Shoe flower

  S.Sreeranjini, P S Akshaya Pradeep

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.86-91, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i2.8691

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  Abstract
  Natural dyes are known for their use in coloring of food substrate, leather as well as natural fibers like wool, silk and cotton as major areas of application since pre-historic times. In the present study, dyeing pigments were extracted from the flowers of blue bell vine, globe amaranth, marigold and shoe flower and application on cotton fabrics were analyzed. Two mordants ferrous sulphate and copper sulphate were used. The result revealed that different shades were obtained from the dyes when subjected to mordant treatments. Dyes obtained from these flowers can be utilized for various industries such as textile, cosmetics, leather, food and pharmaceuticals.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Natural dyes, Flower dyes, Mordants, Cotton

  References
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  [11]. M. Kumaresan, P.N. Palanisamy, P.E. Kumar, “ Application of ecofriendly natural dye on silk using combination of mordants”, International Journal of Chemistry Research., Vol.2, Issue.1, pp11-14, 2011.
  [12]. R. Mongkholrattanasit, J. Krystufek, J. Wiener, M.Vikova, “ Dyeing, Fastness and UV Protection Properties of Silk And Wool Fabrics Dyed with Eucalyptus Leaf Extract by the Exhaustion Process”, Fibers and Textiles, Vol.19, Issue. 3, pp94-99, 2011.
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  Citation
  S.Sreeranjini, P S Akshaya Pradeep, "Dyeing of cotton with natural dyes from Bluebell vine, Globe amaranth, Marigold and Shoe flower," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.86-91, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Sublethal Toxicity of Acid Orange 7 in the Freshwater fish, Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792), and the Role of Vitamin C as Antioxidant in the Prevention of Oxidative Stress

  C. V. Priyatha, K. C. Chitra

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.92-101, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i2.92101

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  Sublethal toxic effects of acid orange 7 on antioxidant status and histology of liver, kidney and muscle tissues, and the protective role of vitamin C were examined in Anabas testudineus. Acid orange 7 at 0.27 g/ L concentration was exposed for 24, 72 and 96 h followed by vitamin C (0.55 g/ L concentration) for 7 days. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were evaluated in the liver, kidney and muscle tissues. The results showed significant (P<0.05) reduction in the activities of antioxidant enzymes with concomitant increase in the levels of H2O2 and LPO thereby indicated the induction of oxidative stress. Activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases in liver and kidney, and acid and alkaline phosphatase in muscle tissue also decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the treatment groups due to the sublethal toxicity of acid orange 7. Histopathological examination revealed severe damage in all tissues however, the damage was not fully recovered after vitamin C exposure. Interestingly, vitamin C exposure neutralized the toxic effects of acid orange 7 as evident by normalizing the activities of all antioxidant enzymes thereby proved the protection of tissues against oxidative stress.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Acid orange 7, Vitamin C, Anabas testudineus, Oxidative stress, Sublethal toxicity, Histology

  References
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  Citation
  C. V. Priyatha, K. C. Chitra, "Sublethal Toxicity of Acid Orange 7 in the Freshwater fish, Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792), and the Role of Vitamin C as Antioxidant in the Prevention of Oxidative Stress," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.92-101, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Observation of Aqua-Bio fertilizer nutrients influence of Trigonella foenum- graecum L. growth in mediated Aquaponics system for food security.

  Manjula, D, Raja, S

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.102-110, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i2.102110

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  Abstract
  The conception of Aquaponics is a synergistic combination of aquaculture and hydroponics that nurture plants with aquaculture water. It is the internationally improved agricultural practices, are needed to assuage rural poverty and enhance food security. Aquaponics is a soil-less combined approach to proficient and sustainable intensification of agriculture that meets the needs of water scarcity inventiveness and generated modern farming practices in agriculture. The nutrient-rich fish water from the fish tanks is used to fertigate hydroponic production beds. To improve the production efficiency can be used bio fertilizers (Aquaponic water and Gracilaria corticata extract) as a liquid it contains organic macro, micronutrient and growth hormones. Tilapia fish produced the nutrient that is utilized by the plant Trigonella foenum- graecum L. The Physico-chemical parameter of both bio fertilizers should be assessed by using the standard procedures. The fish effluent water is compared with the Gracilaria corticata red seaweed extract by foliar spray and combining with both liquid bio fertilizers (Aquaponic water and seaweed extracts). Morphological growths of the plants were assessed. The combination of Aquaponic water and Gracilaria corticata seaweed extract was given the good result, but the estimation (15.26± 0.29, 24.06± 0.27, 30± 0.64, 35.94 ±0.28 cm plant height at 7, 14, 21 and 28 DAS) (2.6± 0.1 branches at 30, DAS) (533.67 ±11and 51 ± 1 mg shoot and root fresh weight per plant) leaf area (46.62±0.89cm2) at 28 DAS was related to the Aquaponic water in the plant Trigonella foenum- graecum L. Thus, the present result revealed that the integrated aquaponic system is the new agricultural farming systems with liquid bio fertilizers are eco- friendly practice for food security.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Aquaponics, Tilapia fish, Trigonella foenum- graecum L., Gracilaria corticata seaweed and liquid biofertilizer, eco-friendly

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  Citation
  Manjula, D, Raja, S, "Observation of Aqua-Bio fertilizer nutrients influence of Trigonella foenum- graecum L. growth in mediated Aquaponics system for food security.," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.102-110, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Isolation and Characterisation of Beta-sitosterol from the rhizomes of Arisaema utile and its Evaluation for Antioxidant Activity

  Arif Hussain Bhat, Aparna Alia, Ghulam Mustafa Rather, Bharty Kumar

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.111-118, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i2.111118

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  Abstract
  The aim of this study is isolation, identification and characterized the bioactive compounds from the rhizomes of arisaema utile. Preliminary Phytochemical screening of the rhizome extract of arisaema utile revealed the presence of Steroids, terpenoids, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Saponins & Carbohydrates. The air dried rhizomes were pulverized to powder, subjected to Soxhlet extraction and compound Isolation. The isolated compound was colorless crystalline, which was further subjected to IR, 13CNMR and 1HNMR for proper characterization and elucidation of the structure. The compound was concluded as β-Sitosterol. Antioxidant activity of the isolated compound was measured by DPPH assay under in-vitro condition. The isolated compound showed most promising radical scavenging activity at concentration of 10μg/ml.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  β-Sitosterol, Antioxidant activity, DPPH, arisaema utile, and Chromatography

  References
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  Citation
  Arif Hussain Bhat, Aparna Alia, Ghulam Mustafa Rather, Bharty Kumar, "Isolation and Characterisation of Beta-sitosterol from the rhizomes of Arisaema utile and its Evaluation for Antioxidant Activity," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.111-118, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Histopathological changes in liver of fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) exposure in effluents of Bhilai steel plant C.G. (India)

  Alka Mishra

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.119-125, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i2.119125

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  Abstract
  Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems facing humanity and other life forms on our planet today. Since millions of years, natural resources had been stored virtually untouched in the Earth, but, within a period of a few hundred years, the onset of the industrial revolution led to massive exploitation of a vast amount of these resources at unimaginable rates. The result was the generation of large amounts of waste going straight in to the environment, seriously damaging its natural processes. This types of wastes if discharged directly in to the environment without treatment, some of these pollutants are responsible for various acute and chronic diseases, such as skin burns and rashes, bone abnormalities, lung and digestive system disorders in aquatic and surrounding land fauna. In the present study we want to find out the impact of effluents of Bhilai steel plant on the liver of fish Channa punctatus ..After the study we find that the Toxicants produce pathological changes on the fish liver such as necrobiotic lesions,damage in tissues vascular congestion and cellular degeneration in the in the liver of fish exposed to different concentration (10 %, 20 % and 30%) of effluents of Bhilai steel plant for one month exposure.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Histo pathology ,liver, effluent, Bhilai steel plant

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  Citation
  Alka Mishra , "Histopathological changes in liver of fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) exposure in effluents of Bhilai steel plant C.G. (India)," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.119-125, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Evaluation of Insecticidal and Antimicrobial Effect of Boerhavia diffusa

  T.M. Manjima, O.G. Indusree, V.S. Ajitha

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.126-132, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i2.126132

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  Abstract
  Boerhavia diffusa, commonly known as ‘Punarnava’ in the Indian system of medicine is a perennial creeping herb found throughout the waste lands. The insecticidal activity of aqueous and acetone extracts of B. diffusa was tested against the pest insect Dysdercus cingulatus, commonly known as Red Cotton Bug. The plant extract exhibited ovicidal effect, nymphicidal effect, varying degree of moulting disruption, reduced fecundity rate along with prolonged mating period. Insecticidal property exhibited by this plant extract can be exploited in the field of Integrated Pest Management, so as to reduce the hazardous effects of chemical pesticides. The toxic principles present in the plant extract are actually secondary metabolites that are evolved as a protective measure against herbivorous animals. Antimicrobial activity of B. diffusa was also evaluated using gram negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and showed significant level of sensitivity to B. diffusa extracts. Thus it is evident that B. diffusa possess toxic principles having insecticidal as well as antimicrobial activity which can be employed in the field of agriculture and medicine respectively.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Biopesticide, Antimicrobial agent, Dysdercus cingulatus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Boerhavia diffusa

  References
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  [14]. A. Asha, J. M. Rathi, D. Patric Raja, K. Sahayaraj, “Biocidal activity of two marine green algal extracts against third instar nymph of Dysdercus cingulatus (Fab.) (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae)”, Journal of Biopesticides, Vol. 5 (Supplementary), pp. 129-134, 2012.
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  Citation
  T.M. Manjima, O.G. Indusree, V.S. Ajitha, "Evaluation of Insecticidal and Antimicrobial Effect of Boerhavia diffusa," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.126-132, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Regression Analysis and Docking Study of Pyrimidine Based Compounds as anti-Tuberculosis Therapeutic Agents

  A. K. Parmar, M. R. Patle

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.133-143, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i2.133143

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  Abstract
  In the drug-design process, structure activity relationship is an important tool for estimation of biological activity of the unknown compounds. In this process, the objective is development of a relationship between structural features of molecules and the property of interest i. e. biological activity. On the basis of this relationship, the biological activity can be predicted for new candidate structures. Initially, the forty two substituted pyrimidine molecules with known biological activities were considered as known set for regression analysis model building purpose. The properties module from Datawarrior used to calculate descriptors. Structure activity model indicates that these descriptors have significant relationships with observed bioactivity. We have observed a high relationship between experimental and predicted activity values, indicating the validation and the excellent quality of the derived model. In the present study, the new substituted pyrimidine molecules are designed, optimized and their descriptors were calculated using Datawarrior modules. Then by using the Regression analysis model, their biological activities are studied as well as inhibition studies for the 1QPQ by molecular docking method are also carried out. Thus on the basis of regression analysis study and docking study of substituted pyrimidine derivatives, we can conclude that these compounds on further studies may prove to be therapeutic agent against tuberculosis.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Structure activity, biological activity, docking, tuberculosis, descriptor, pyrimidine

  References
  [1] L. H. Hall, "A Structure-Information Approach to the Prediction of Biological Activities and Properties," CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY , vol.1, p.183, 2004.
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  [4] L. H. L.B. Kier, "Quantitative Information Analysis: The New Center of Gravity in Medicinal Chemistry," Medicinal Chemistry Research, vol. 7, pp. 335-339, 1997.
  [5] L. H. H. L. B. Kier, Molecular Structure Description: The Electrotopological State, Academic Press, 1999.
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  [7] J. A. B. George W. Adamson, "Evaluation of an empirical structure–activity relationship for property prediction in a structurally diverse group of local anaesthetics," Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1, no. 2, pp. 168-172, 1976.
  [8] Shams Uzzaman and Ayaz Mahmood Dar , "PATHWAYS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF PYRIMIDINE AND PYRAN BASED HETEROCYCLIC DERIVATIVES:A CONCISE REVIEW," Eur. Chem. Bull., vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 249-259, 2015.
  [9] Vinita Sharma, et. al., "Significance and Biological Importance of Pyrimidine in the Microbial World," International Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, p. 31, 2014.
  [10] V. H. Babu, P. S. Kumar, K. K. Srinivasan, and G. V. Bhat, “Synthesis, antitumor and antibacterial activities of certain substituted pyrimidines bearing benzofuran,” Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 66, no. 5, pp. 647–652, 2004.
  [11] Sander T1, Freyss J, von Korff M, Rufener C. “DataWarrior: an open-source program for chemistry aware data visualization and analysis” J Chem Inf Model., 55(2), 460-73, 2015.
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  [14] A. V. A. ,. N. K. P. ,. I. H. C. Sumesh Eswaran, "Design and synthesis of some new quinoline-3-carbohydrazone derivatives as potential antimycobacterial agents," Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, p. 1040–1044, 2010.
  [15] P. M. R. a. B. G. K. Ganatra S. H., "Inhibition Studies of Pyridine Based Compounds on Quinolinic Acid Phosphoribosyltransferase Enzyme as A Potent Anti-Tuberculosis Agent" Asian J. Research Chem, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 1159-1165, 2012.
  [16] Kai-Cheng Hsu, Yen-Fu Chen, Shen-Rong Lin, Jinn-Moon Yang. “iGEMDOCK: a graphical environment of enhancing GEMDOCK using pharmacological interactions and post-screening analysis” BMC Bioinformatics 2011, 12(Suppl 1):S33
  [17] P. N. Judson, "QSAR and Expert Systems in the Prediction of," Pestic. Sci., pp. 155-160, 1992.
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  Citation
  A. K. Parmar, M. R. Patle, "Regression Analysis and Docking Study of Pyrimidine Based Compounds as anti-Tuberculosis Therapeutic Agents," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.133-143, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Quantification of the minimum amount of lemon juice and apple cider vinegar required for the growth inhibition of dandruff causing fungi Malassezia furfur

  PV Parvati Sai Arun, Yaralagadda Vineetha, Maseera Waheed, Koka Ravikanth

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.144-147, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i2.144147

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  Abstract
  The main focus of this study is to quantify the amount of lemon juice and apple cider vinegar required to inhibit the growth of lipophilic fungus, Malassezia furfur. Malassezia furfur infects the human scalp, affects hair and causes the dandruff. In this work, the antifungal effect of lemon and apple cider vinegar was investigated along with commercially available antifungal drug fluconazole. Agar diffusion method was used and the zone of inhibition was measured to quantify the amount required and also to estimate the antifungal efficacy of lemon juice and apple cider vinegar. We have used different concentration of lemon juice and apple cider vinegar such as 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% concentrations. From our results, by observing the zones of inhibitions on the petridishes, we confirm that lemon juice and apple cider vinegar has good antifungal effect on Malassezia furfur and around 3ml to 4ml of lemon juice or apple cider vinegar diluted and made to 10ml of the solution with water would be sufficient enough to inhibit the growth of Malassezia furfur. This study justifies the use of either lemon juice or apple cider vinegar as a remedy for Malassezia furfur infected scalp and hair.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Malasezzia furfur, lemon juice, apple cider vinegar, antifungal activity

  References
  [1]. J.B Luis J, C. T.C Wikramanayake, "Seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff: a comprehensive review." Journal of clinical and investigative Dermatology, 3(2), 2015.
  [2]. S.Ranganathan, T. Mukhopadhyay, "Dandruff: the most commercially exploited skin disease." Indian journal of Dermatology, 55(2),130, 2010.
  [3]. A.K. Gupta, R. Batra, R.Bluhm, T. Boekhout , T.L. Dawson Jr, "Skin diseases associated with Malassezia species." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 51(5), 785-798, 2004.
  [4]. R. Vijayakumar, C. Muthkumar, T. Kumar, R. Sarvanamuthu, “Characterization of Malassezia furfur and its controlby using plant extracts”, Indian journal of Dermatology, 51(2), 145-148, 2006.
  [5]. S. Shuster, “The aetiology of dandruff and the mode of action of therapeutic agents”. British journal of Dermatology, 111, 235-242, 1984.
  [6]. J.. Faergemann, J.C. Jones, O. Hettler, Y. Loria, “Pityrosporum ovale (Malassezia furfur) as the causative agent of seborrhoeic dermatitis: New treatment options.” British Journal of Dermatology, 134 :Suppl. 46, 12-15, 1996
  [7]. M. Pingili, S. Vanga , R.K. Raparla, “Antifungal activity of plant extracts against dandruff causing organism Malassezia furfur.” International Journal of Bioassays, 5(11), 5047-9, 2016.
  

  Citation
  PV Parvati Sai Arun, Yaralagadda Vineetha, Maseera Waheed, Koka Ravikanth, "Quantification of the minimum amount of lemon juice and apple cider vinegar required for the growth inhibition of dandruff causing fungi Malassezia furfur," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.144-147, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Sesoanal Veriation in Primary Productivity from Nanded Region, Maharashtra

  A. V. Suryawanshi

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRBS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.148-150, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i2.148150

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  Abstract
  Study showed that primary productivity status from site A maximum NPP was found in May (1.7 mg/L/hr), minimum in December (0.08 mg/L/hr) and average NPP value was 0.50 mg/L/hr. GPP was maximum in (2.3 mg/L/hr) in May and minimum in January (0.2 mg/L/hr) average GPP value was 0.97 mg/L/hr. CR was maximum in December (1.4 mg/L/hr) and minimum in (0.2 mg/L/hr) in January. Average CR value was 0.55 mg/L/hr in the year Jan 2013- Dec 2013. From site B Maximum NPP value was recorded in May (3.45 mg/L/hr) and minimum in December (0.06 mg/L/hr), average NPP value was 0.45 mg/L/hr. GPP was maximum in May (2.03 mg/L/hr) and minimum in September and November (0.2 mg/L/hr). Average GPP value was 0.86 mg/L/hr. CR was maximum in August (1.7mg/L/hr) and minimum in December (-0.20 mg/L/hr). During the study period average CR value was 0.30 mg/L/hr.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Primary Productivity, NPP, GPP, CR

  References
  [1]. APHA. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 19th ed., American Public Health Association, New York, 1143, 1995.
  [2]. Gajanan K. Sontakke and Satish S. Mokashe. Seasonal variation in primary productivity of two freshwater lakes of Aurangabad district, Maharashtra, India. International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 07-10, 2014.
  [3]. Pasternak K, Kasza H. Chemical reactions and primary production of phytoplankton in the warmed water of the Rybrik reservoir Acta. Hydrobiol; Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 305-322, 1979.
  [4]. Prabhakar V.M, Vaidya S.P, Garud V.S and Swain K.K. Trend in Primary Production in Khdakwasla Reservoir. 13th World Lake Conference, Wuhan, China 2009.
  [5]. Trivedi, R.K. and P.K. Goel. Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies. Environmental Publications, Aligarh, 1986.
  [6]. Touliabah H. S. Relations between fertilization and phytoplankton composition and productivity in serw fish farm. M. Sc. Girl Coll. Ain Shams Univ. p-213, 1992.
  [7]. Westlake D.F. Comparison of Plant Productivity. Botanical Research 25b 385-425, 1963.
  

  Citation
  A. V. Suryawanshi , "Sesoanal Veriation in Primary Productivity from Nanded Region, Maharashtra," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.148-150, 2019