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• Open Access   Article

  Palynological Studies on Certain Members of the Malvaceae Family in Rivers State, Nigeria

  J.E. Udofia, B.O. Green, M.G. Ajuru

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp.63-66, Aug-2020

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  Palynological study was undertaken in five species Hibiscus rosa- sinensis L., Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench, Abelmoschus caillei (A.Chev.) Stevels, Sida acuta Burm. F. and Sida rhombifolia L. belonging to three genera of the family Malvaceae. The family Malvaceae, commonly known as the hibiscus, or mallow contain about 85 genera and 1500 species of herbaceous, shrubby, and tree plants. Representatives of this family can be found in all except the coldest parts of the world but are most abundant in the tropics. The aim was to establish some useful diagnostic pollen morphological features that may be employed in combination with other characters as inter- specific or generic tools for identification. Pollen samples were collected manually from mature closed anthers. Mature anthers were teased out in water in a petri dish for 5 minutes. Fixation of the pollen grain in 70% alcohol was undertaken, followed by decantation and rinsing to wash off the alcohol. The samples were placed on clean microscope slides. Another slide was used to tease out the content of the anther after which it was mounted in glcerol. The results revealed oblate to spheriodal pollen shape and pantoporate pollen class in all the studied species. Pollen diameter ranged from 139.01?m ? 359.10?m. The largest pollen diameter was recorded in A. esculentus (359.10?m). All the species possessed spinous pollen and the longest spine was observed in A. esculentus (359.10?m) while spine index was highest in A. caillei (3.65?m) and lowest in S. rhombifolia (1.62?m). The information provided in this study may be useful in delimiting the family alongside other taxonomic markers and also in the preparation of the pollen flora of Nigeria

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Malvaceae, pollen morphology, Nigeria, Spine index, Pollen diameter, Hibiscus, Abelmoschus, Sida

  References
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  Citation
  J.E. Udofia, B.O. Green, M.G. Ajuru, "Palynological Studies on Certain Members of the Malvaceae Family in Rivers State, Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.63-66, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Antibacterial Effects of Brown Algae Extracts of Cystoseira Sp. Collected From Tukra Beach, Mediterranean Sea Coast of Libya

  Sumaia F. Leibirsh, Munay A. Alteerah, Masoud M. Godeh

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp.67-70, Aug-2020

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  Two species of brown algae Cystoseira compressa and Cystoseira crinita were studied in this project collected from Mediterranean coast of Tukra beach and that was in order to study their inhibition effects on growth of five different species of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli). Five different organic solvents (ethanol, methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and hexane) were used with both algal species and the bacteria species. Discs of the antibiotic Azithromycin 15 were used as a positive control and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a negative control. Nutrient Agar was used to reactivate colonies of bacteria that were used in this study and Muller Hinton (M.H) media was used for the sensitivity test. Well diffusion method was also used in the sensitivity test for both species of Cystoseira which were extracted by applying a cold extraction method. Both Cystoseira spp. showed vary inhibition effects on gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and S. pyogenes. Highest inhibition zones were found in colonies of S. aureus and S. pyogenes by using of Cystoseira compressa ethanol extracts. Extracts of both species of Cystoseira had no inhibition effect on gram-negative bacteria

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Brown algae, Antibacterial activity, Algae natural products, Algae extraction, Libyan Mediterranean Sea coast algae

  References
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  Citation
  Sumaia F. Leibirsh, Munay A. Alteerah, Masoud M. Godeh, "Antibacterial Effects of Brown Algae Extracts of Cystoseira Sp. Collected From Tukra Beach, Mediterranean Sea Coast of Libya," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.67-70, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Human-Tiger Conflicts a Current issue of Central India, Paradigm to Rethink the Consequences and Challenges of changing behaviour of Wild Animals in Human Dominated Landscape

  Sanjeev Kumar

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp.71-77, Aug-2020

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  Abstract
  Human-Tiger conflict or conflict with other wild animals imparts the great challenges for conservation mitigation. Day by day changing cognition and behaviour like movement pattern, killing or preying skills of big cats itself great challenges to resolve. Prey biomass depletion and seasonal variations brings ecological stress in the wild habitat emphasis the adverse movement pattern in human dominated landscapes to get livestock predation in comfortable zone. For this study three important forest division have been opted i.e. Yavatmal, Pusad and Pandharkawada Forest division of Maharashtra India. Last 5 years conflict cases were analyzed along with compensation amount released by forest department.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Conflict, conservation, mitigation, consequences, human dominated landscape

  References
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  Citation
  Sanjeev Kumar, "Human-Tiger Conflicts a Current issue of Central India, Paradigm to Rethink the Consequences and Challenges of changing behaviour of Wild Animals in Human Dominated Landscape," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.71-77, 2020