Volume-7 , Issue-5 , Oct 2020, ISSN 2347-7520 (Online) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Predicting US Covid-19 Infection Rate using Time-delay Recurrence Simulation

  Alexander Harrison

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp.1-5, Oct-2020

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  A recursion model is developed to describe the growth of Covid-19 cases in the USA. An essential requirement of any model is confidence in its predictive capability. Published growth rates for Covid-19 in the USA are shown to correlate well with recursive time-delay simulations. Data for six months after March 2020 is compared to predictions from known logistic equations and modified time-delay relations. Simple logistic equations do not show a correlated trajectory with case numbers, whereas a time-delay recurrence equation can be calibrated to follow actual data. Modelling predicts over 10 million infections by January 2021. Growth curves projected to mid-2022 are examined and discussed. Infection totals in the USA is predicted to approach 35 million cases by the end of 2021 without human control.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  US Covid-19, Simulations, Prediction, Growth Rates, Recurrence Model

  References
  [1] P.F. Verhulst, “Recherches mathématiques sur la loi d`accroissement de la population,” Nouv. mém. de l`Academie Royale des Sci. et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles, Vol.18, pp.1-41, 1845.
  [2] Shuichi Kinoshita, "Introduction to Nonequilibrium Phenomena, Pattern Formations and Oscillatory Phenomena, Lotka-Volterra Model," Elsevier Science Direct, pp. 1-59, 2013.
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  [4] Ke Wu, Didier Darcet, Qian Wang, Didier Sornette, "Generalized logistic growth modeling of the COVID-19 outbreak in 29 provinces in China and in the rest of the world," medRxiv, Mar-16, 2020. doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.11.20034363
  [5] Santhosh Samuel Mathews, “Modelling and Analysis of Covid-19 Spread among People in a Queue,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue.3, pp.25-33, 2020.
  [6] Robert M. May, "Chaos and the Dynamics of Biological Populations," Proc. of the Royal Society of London, Dynamical Chaos, Chapter 4, pp. 27-44, 1987.
  [7] M.Y. Dawed, P.R. Koya, A.T. Goshu,, "Mathematical Modelling of Population Growth: The Case of Logistic and Von Bertalanffy Models," Open Journal of Modelling and Simulation, Vol.2, No.4, 2014.

  Citation
  Alexander Harrison, "Predicting US Covid-19 Infection Rate using Time-delay Recurrence Simulation," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.1-5, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Antifungal Properties of Biosurfactant Produced by Bacterial Strains SR17 and JS29 Against Phytopathogens of Rubber

  Sushmita Mena, Suresh Deka

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp.6-9, Oct-2020

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  Biosurfactants are microbial metabolites synthesized by certain microorganisms, yeast, and fungi. They possess characteristic features showing physiological properties especially antifungal and antibacterial behaviour. Among all derivatives of glycolipid particularly the species Pseudomonas that contains rhamnose biosurfactants proves to have the highest potential in inhibiting the flourishing range of phytopathogens. The practical examples of spraying of pesticides and fertilizers in the agricultural fields result in a hazardous impact in plant growth hence the application of biosurfactants have a promising future in different aspects of sustainable agriculture because of being biodegradable and cost effective. The paper focused on the inhibition by biosurfactants obtained from Pseudomonas aeruginosa SR17, Pseudomonas aeruginosa JS29, Bacillus altitudinis MS16 and V1 strain (not yet identified) against the rapid growth of phytopathogenic fungal cultures. In the initial stage, the inhibitory impact of Cell Free Supernatant (CFS) of each bacterial strains were homogenized with Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) for analyzing upon phytopathogens. Later, the crude biosurfactant is extracted from centrifuged CFS at temperature 40°C under reduced pressure. Authors narrated that a 500mg/l concentration of crude is incorporated with PDA and analyzed for the inhibition. Paper concludes two noble strains SR17 and JS29, which demonstrate an average inhibition of 57% and 63% respectively. Biosurfactants of these two peculiar strains can be used effectively in the prevention of disease.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Percentage Inhibition, Cell free supernatant, Surface tension and optical density, Phytopathogenic fungal culture

  References
  [1] Muthusamy K, Gopalakrishnan S, Ravi TK, Sivachidambaram P, “Biosurfactants: properties, commercial production and application,” Current science, Vol.25, pp.736-47, 2008.
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  [3] Sarachat T, Pornsunthorntawee O, Chavadej S, Rujiravanit R, “Purification and concentration of a rhamnolipid biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa SP4 using foam fractionation,” Bioresource technology, Vol.101, No.1, pp.324-30, 2010.
  [4] Anuradha S. Pendse, K. Aruna, "Physicochemical and analytical characterization of biosurfactant produced by Serratia rubidaea KAP", International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.25-40, 2020.
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  [10] Kim HS, Yoon BD, Choung DH, Oh HM, Katsuragi T, Tani Y, “Characterization of a biosurfactant, mannosylerythritol lipid produced from Candida sp. SY16,” Applied microbiology and biotechnology, Vol.52, No.5, pp.713-21, 1999.
  [11] Mulligan CN, “Environmental applications for biosurfactants,” Environmental pollution, Vol.133, No.2, pp.183-98, 2005.

  Citation
  Sushmita Mena, Suresh Deka, "Antifungal Properties of Biosurfactant Produced by Bacterial Strains SR17 and JS29 Against Phytopathogens of Rubber," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.6-9, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Anti-biofilm Potential of Biosurfactant Isolated from Lactobacillus Spp. Against Biofilms of Candida Spp.

  Sushmita Mena, Chehnaz Sultana, Nabanita Baglary, Sangita Boro

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp.10-15, Oct-2020

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  Work is focused to study the anti-biofilm activities possessed by various strains of Lactobacillus spp. over pathogenic Candida spp. Liquid-liquid extraction of the centrifuged Lactobacillus spp. in an equiratio of supernatant and ethyl acetate followed by evaporation of the solvent gives crude form of the biosurfactant. Pre-coating of the Candida spp. samples measure the percentage adhesion on the walls of 96-well microtiter plates at four different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.125 and 0.2 g/ml) of the extracted biosurfactant. Findings reveal that the isolates inhibit (~75%) the adhesion of Candida cells. Conducting the pre-coating method at 0.2 g/mL of crude biosurfactant of the 10-5Cb1 isolate reduced (~93%) the cell adhesion of Candida spp. However, few of the Lactobacillus isolates reduced (~90%) adhesion of Candida cells.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Biosurfactant. Candida spp., Lactobacillus spp., Pre-coating method

  References
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  [5] Satpute SK, Kulkarni GR, Banpurkar AG, Banat IM, Mone NS, Patil RH, Cameotra SS. “Biosurfactant/s from Lactobacilli species: Properties, challenges and potential biomedical applications.” Journal of basic microbiology, Vol.56, No.11, pp.1140-58, 2016.
  [6] M. Indhuja, D. Kavitha, P. Selvamaleeswaran, A. Palanisamy, M. Sureshkumar, "In Situ Production of Silver Bio Nanoparticles from Marine Biosurfactant Bacteria and Evaluation of Its Antibacterial Activity", International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.5, pp.5-11, 2019.
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  [11] Pyar H, Peh KK. “Characterization and identification of Lactobacillus acidophilus using biolog rapid identification system”. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. Vol.6, No.1, pp.189-93, 2014.
  [12] Hoque, M.Z., Akter, F., Hossain, K.M., Rahman, M.S.M., Billah, M.M. and Islam, K.M.D., “Isolation, identification and analysis of probiotic properties of Lactobacillus spp. from selective regional yoghurts.” World J Dairy Food Sci, Vol.5, No. 1, pp.39-46, 2010.
  [13] Jadye VV, Vemula AN. “Extraction, Characterization and Formulation of Lactobacillus derived Bio-surfactant inhibiting Biofilm formation of human opportunistic Candida albicans.”
  [14] Fracchia, L., Cavallo, M., Allegrone, G. and Martinotti, M.G., “A Lactobacillus-derived biosurfactant inhibits biofilm formation of human pathogenic Candida albicans biofilm producers,” Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, Vol.2, pp.827-837, 2010.

  Citation
  Sushmita Mena, Chehnaz Sultana, Nabanita Baglary, Sangita Boro, "Anti-biofilm Potential of Biosurfactant Isolated from Lactobacillus Spp. Against Biofilms of Candida Spp.," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.10-15, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Population Dynamics, Siderophore Production and Disease Suppression during Different Seasons of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Acidic Paddy Fields

  Surabhi Sankar, C. Dileep

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp.16-23, Oct-2020

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  Abstract
  Applications of bio inoculants (PGPRs) are one of the most successful, non-chemicals, eco-friendly approach in agriculture. The bio inoculants were collected from the acidic paddy fields of Champakkulam in 3 different seasons. There were 120 strains isolated from the acidic conditioned paddy fields of Champakkulam. Among them KS1 is exhibited maximum zone of inhibition, siderophore production and root colonization than other strains and control. These were herbicide and pesticide resistant strains were used against domestic phyto pathogen. Root colonization of these bacterial strain showing various changes on these different seasons .In summer season strain produced maximum absorbance in UV mediated spectrophotometry .KS1 (MK 894011) ,PS2 (MK 894012), PS3 (MK 894013), RS1 (MK 894010), KNP (MK 894014) were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by biochemical characterization as well as 16 s ribosomal RNA sequence. Data were subjected to t-test, and ANOVA. All treatments are compared with FPO4 (KF500003).The experiments having 5 replicates in each treatments. This study mainly focused on antagonistic effect, siderophore production, disease resistance and root colonization different seasons in different area of Champakkulam village.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Antagonistic, bio inoculants, Pseudomonas ,spectrophotometry, siderophore

  References
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  [6] Dileep Kumar B S 1999 Fusarial wilt suppression and crop improvement through two rhizobacterial strains in chick pea growing in soils infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. spciceris. Biol. Fert. Soils 29, 87–91.
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  Citation
  Surabhi Sankar, C. Dileep, "Population Dynamics, Siderophore Production and Disease Suppression during Different Seasons of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Acidic Paddy Fields," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.16-23, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  A Qualitative Investigation of Airborne Algae in Government Science College Campus Bengaluru, India

  Sathish C., C.R. Rekha, Sahana C., Shruthi S.

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp.24-28, Oct-2020

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  Abstract
  Airborne algae are one of the bio components of the atmosphere. They are the least studied organisms in aerobiology although they may exert an unfavourable impact on human health. Airborne algae remain viable in the atmosphere in the form of spores and filaments. To study the diversity of airborne algae in the Government Science College campus, Bangalore, the experiments were conducted by selecting four sites. Air samples were collected by the Petri plate exposure method using Benecks agar medium. A total of fifteen airborne algae belonging to twelve genera were identified and recorded. They belong to the class Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae. Cyanophycean members were the dominant airborne algae over Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae, with a total of seven genera. These were Oscillatoria, Lyngbya, Microcoleus, Chroococcus, Nostoc, Anabaena, Hapalosiphon, Gloeocapsa, and Myxosarcina. The Bacillariophycean members were Cymbella and Nitzschia and Chlorophyceae was represented by Chlorella. The present studies on airborne algae have shown that the majority of species present in air samples were soil algae.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Airborne algae, Aerobiology, Bangalore, Government Science College

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  Citation
  Sathish C., C.R. Rekha, Sahana C., Shruthi S., "A Qualitative Investigation of Airborne Algae in Government Science College Campus Bengaluru, India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.24-28, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Seasonal Variation of Birds Species Diversity at Vindhyachal Forest Reserve Khargone, District (M.P.)

  Praveer Pandey, C.S. Shrivastava, S. Gaherwal

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp.29-37, Oct-2020

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  Abstract
  The main aim of the present investigation was to study the seasonal variation of birds species diversity at vindhyachal forest reserve at khargone district (M.P.). Seasonal variation of birds species were observed from all the four sites (Wachoo point at Mandleshwar, Jamghat Temple at main Vindhyachal, Double golai Balwada and Gavalan Pati Charbhuja temple Katkut). Several species were observed in different season in the present study. Total forty eight species at Wachoo point, fifty three species at Jamghat Temple, forty four species at Double Golai Balwada and sixty species at Gavalan Pati Charbhuja temple Katkut were recorded during the different season.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Bird, Jamghat Temple, Wachoo point, Gavalan Pati, Double golai and Avian diversity

  References
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  Citation
  Praveer Pandey, C.S. Shrivastava, S. Gaherwal, "Seasonal Variation of Birds Species Diversity at Vindhyachal Forest Reserve Khargone, District (M.P.)," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.29-37, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Simultaneous Identification of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Using Thermostabilized Multiplex PCR Formulation

  Shruthi Aradhya, Shylaja Ramlal, Radhika Madalgi, Harishchandra S. Murali, Bhairab Mondal, Ajantha G.S., Raghavendra D. Kulkarni, Harshvardhan V. Batra

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp.38-46, Oct-2020

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  Abstract
  The study was aimed to develop a multiplex PCR (mPCR) coupled with the thermostabilization process for the simultaneous detection of major genes of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) with internal amplification control (IAC) to avoid false-negative results. The most important virulence-associated genes of major pathotypes are targeted in the mPCR assay. The genes include aggR, eltA, bfpA, vt2 and ipaH along with an IAC. Further, to enhance the application of mPCR, the master mix containing all reagents except template DNA was lyophilized with an appropriate lyoprotectant and storage stabilization studies were carried out to evaluate the performance of the lyophilized master mix. The assay was able to detect 103 CFU/mL for the simultaneous detection of targeted genes and 104 CFU/g bacterial load in spiked stool samples. The shelf-life of lyophilized master mix with a suitable lyoprotectant was found to be six months at 4 oC and 1.5 months at ambient temperature and could be stored at ambient temperature without a cold-chain facility. Considering the importance of DEC in the field of diagnostics, rapid, robust, user-friendly detection platforms are essential to prevent any outbreaks. The results obtained in the present study supported that it could be used as a highly reliable diagnostic tool in point-of-care laboratories and also field-based investigations. Besides, the developed assay can also cut down costs in terms of storage and transportation suggesting a potential field application format.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli; Multiplex PCR; Thermo stabilization; E. coli pathotypes; lyophilization

  References
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  Citation
  Shruthi Aradhya, Shylaja Ramlal, Radhika Madalgi, Harishchandra S. Murali, Bhairab Mondal, Ajantha G.S., Raghavendra D. Kulkarni, Harshvardhan V. Batra, "Simultaneous Identification of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Using Thermostabilized Multiplex PCR Formulation," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.38-46, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Enhancement of Germination and Seedling Health of Rice by Seed Treatment with Antagonist Fungi

  Subash Chandra Deb, Abul Khair

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp.47-52, Oct-2020

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  Abstract
  Germination and seedling health is important for effective crop establishment. Application of Aspergillus spp. and Trichoderma spp. is the alternative way of intensified germination and healthy seedling production in the crop field. Rice seeds were coated with a spore mass of antagonists showed a significant increase in seed germination and healthy seedlings production compared to the control. At the same time leaf infection, collar infection, root infection, and seedling blight symptoms also decreased remarkably. The highest germination and healthy seedling were recorded 80.33% and 74.37% respectively by T. harzianum treatment. Seeds were subjected to soaking with three water-based culture filtrates (30%, 50%, and 70%) obtained from both three species of Aspergillus and Trichoderma (A. flavus, A. niger, A. terreus, T. viride, T. harzianum, T. hamatum) for 6, 12 and 24 hours. The highest reduction of fungal associations and increased germination was observed 36% and 79.33% respectively in T. harzianum treatment compared to untreated control. The effect was more prominent at the highest dose (70%) and the maximum seed soaking period (24 hours). Apart from all antagonist treatments test fungicide Tilt 250 EC depicted excellent control effect (22.0%). A. niger and T. harzianum were found more potent in reducing seed-borne fungal association as well as improved germination and seedling health.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Antagonist, Bio-control, Culture filtrate, Seed coating, Seedling health, Seed treatments

  References
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  [4] N. Boughalleb-M’ Hamdi, I.B. Salem, M. M’Hamdi, “Evaluation of the efficiency of Trichoderma, Penicillium and Aspergillus species as biological control agents against four soil-borne fungi of melon and water melon”, Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, Vol. 28, p. 25, 2018.
  [5] V.C. Cuevas, A.M. Sinohin, E.A. Arro, “Efficacy of Trichoderma spp. as biological control agent of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc” Philippine Agricultural Scientist, Vol. 84, Issue. 1, pp. 35-42, 2001.
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  Citation
  Subash Chandra Deb, Abul Khair, "Enhancement of Germination and Seedling Health of Rice by Seed Treatment with Antagonist Fungi," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.47-52, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Assessment of Radio Protective Effects of Myrtus communis L. on Human Lymphocytes Irradiated in Vitro by Gamma-rays Using Micronucleus Assay on Binucleated Human Lymphocytes

  O. Jouhmany, N. Ebrahim, A. Ikhtiar

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp.53-58, Oct-2020

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  Abstract
  The study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of alcoholic extract of Myrtus communis L. leaves from the cytogenetic toxicity induced by gamma rays in human peripheral lymphocytes using micronucleus (MN) assay. Irradiation was done at a dose of 2 Gy and the extract was added to cell cultures at two different concentrations 50 and 100 µg/ml an hour before the irradiation of the samples. The results showed that the extract caused a decrease in frequency of MN due to the influence of gamma rays in the concentrations 50 and 100 ug / ml (P = 0.01) compared to the irradiated group. It was observed that concentration 50 µg/ml of the extract caused a greater decrease in the frequency of micronuclei compared to concentration 100 µg/ml, no significant differences were observed in frequency of micronuclei between two groups(p?0.05).

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Myrtus communis L., Radioprotective, lymphocytes, gamma radiation, Ionizing radiation, Micronucleus assay, micronuclei

  References
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  Citation
  O. Jouhmany, N. Ebrahim, A. Ikhtiar, "Assessment of Radio Protective Effects of Myrtus communis L. on Human Lymphocytes Irradiated in Vitro by Gamma-rays Using Micronucleus Assay on Binucleated Human Lymphocytes," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.53-58, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Resting Behaviour of Zika and Dengue Vector Aedes Aegypti Mosquito in Gia Lai, Viet Nam

  Van Nguyen Do, Xuan Quang Nguyen, Hong Quang Huynh, Van Hoang Ho, Thanh Son Tran, Thi Mong Diep Nguyen

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp.59-61, Oct-2020

  Abstract

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  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The study was conducted in Pleiku city and Dak Po district belonging to Gia Lai province during the period 2016-2018. The results showed that Aedes aegypti was found in all study sites. The distincly anthropophilic and endophilic behaviours of Aedes aegypti make it a very effective vector of Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika viruses. In total, 95.3% of 746 resting adult Ae. aegypti were collected indoors, and only 4.7% outdoors. Indoor primary resting locations (73.8%) included living rooms (13.9%), bathrooms (4.8%), and others (7.5%). In Pleiku city, most of Ae. aegypti adults were collected on nets/ curtains (164 mosquitoes, 53.2%), followed by clothes (30.2%) and the lowest on wall surfaces (0.3%). Similarly, in Dak Po district, total of 422 specimens were collected and the highest collection was on clothes surfaces (234 mosquitoes, 53.4%), followed by nets/ curtains (176 mosquitoes, 40.2%) and the lowest on television surfaces (0.7%). In all sites, Ae. aegypti significantly rested from 1-2 m of height (72.3%).

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti, animal behaviour

  References
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  Citation
  Van Nguyen Do, Xuan Quang Nguyen, Hong Quang Huynh, Van Hoang Ho, Thanh Son Tran, Thi Mong Diep Nguyen, "Resting Behaviour of Zika and Dengue Vector Aedes Aegypti Mosquito in Gia Lai, Viet Nam," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.5, pp.59-61, 2020