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• Open Access   Article

  Computational study on Polydatin with the Human Alpha-Defensins and the Human Beta Defensins evaluated by Blind Molecular Docking method

  Ivan Vito Ferrari, Giampietro Ravagnan

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp.1-6, Dec-2023

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  In a comprehensive Molecular Docking investigation using Autodock Vina with the Pyrx program, six Human Defensins (Alpha Defensin-1, Alpha Defensin-3, Alpha Defensin-4, Beta-Defensin-1, Beta-Defensin-2, Beta Defensin-3) were studied alongside various natural compounds. Notably, all investigated compounds exhibited similar binding energy scores with Human Alpha Defensin-1 and Alpha Defensin-3, around -6.0 kcal/mol. However, with Human Defensin-4, Astringin, and Rhapontin, greater energetic affinities were observed, approximately -7.5 kcal/mol, compared to Polydatin and Eleutheroside-B. In the case of Beta-defensins, the natural compounds demonstrated higher binding capacities compared to Alpha defensins. Specifically, Polydatin exhibited a noteworthy binding affinity with Human Beta-Defensin-2, with a Vina Score of approximately -9.2 kcal/mol. Astringins and Rhapontis also showed significant binding energies with Human Beta-Defensin-2, with Vina scores of -8.8 kcal/mol and -8.6 kcal/mol, respectively. While these computational findings are preliminary and rely on a Blind Docking approach, they suggest that Polydatin and its derivatives may have a higher binding affinity for Beta-Defensins, particularly Beta-Defensin-2, providing a theoretical basis for further biological and molecular studies.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Polydatin, Autodock Vina, Pyrx , Human Defensins, Piceid, Human Beta-Defesin-2

  References
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  Citation
  Ivan Vito Ferrari, Giampietro Ravagnan, "Computational study on Polydatin with the Human Alpha-Defensins and the Human Beta Defensins evaluated by Blind Molecular Docking method," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.6, pp.1-6, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Improving Chicken Growth Performance with Nano Silver Added to Drinking Water

  Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory, Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi, Fadhil Rasool Al-Khafaji, Nihad Abdul-Lateef Ali, B.A.M. Lehmood, Hossein Taheri, Ali Ahmed Alaw Qotbi, Shahab Ghazi, Shimaa A Sakr

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp.7-15, Dec-2023

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  Abstract
  Silver nanoparticles (Silver NPs) are among the most potent nanoparticles used in nanoscience. Through a five-week feeding trial, this study examined the effects of various concentrations of (Silver NPs) added to water on broiler chicken growth performance. From 21-3-2019 to 24-4-2019, 225-day-old (Ross 308) broiler chicks were allocated into five random groups, each being replicated three times with 15 birds in each replication. Silver nanoparticles were supplemented to drinking water at 0.0, 20, 30, 40, and 50 ppm/L for groups G1 (control group), G2, G3, G4, and G5, respectively. Our findings showed that the group that received drinking water with 20 ppm/L had a significant advantage over the other groups in terms of body weight at the 4th and 5th weeks and total weight gain throughout the experiment. The overall food conversion ratio of groups that received drinking water containing up to 30 ppm/L significantly improved in groups supplemented with greater concentrations in terms of kg weight growth per kilogram feed intake. The G2 group is the only group that achieved zero mortality compared to the other groups. It was also found that the levels of Nanosilver increased the number of red and white blood cells, hematocrit, and hemoglobin at 14 and 35 days of the age of the broilers. It also increased glucose levels, triglycerides, malondialdehyde (MDA), and the glutathione enzyme at 35 days of the age of the broilers the groups G4 and G5 were the highest.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Nano metallic, growth performance, broiler, silver nano-particles.

  References
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  Citation
  Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory, Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi, Fadhil Rasool Al-Khafaji, Nihad Abdul-Lateef Ali, B.A.M. Lehmood, Hossein Taheri, Ali Ahmed Alaw Qotbi, Shahab Ghazi, Shimaa A Sakr, "Improving Chicken Growth Performance with Nano Silver Added to Drinking Water," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.6, pp.7-15, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Modulation of nitric oxide by dichlorvos in rats: amelioration of fat-soluble vitamins (d & e) and flavonoids (quercetin and naringin)

  Mubaraq Damilare Yussuf, Osibodu Hannah Aderinsola, Alowoeshin Oluwaseun Samuel, Omiyale Olumakinde Charles, Babalola Jonathan Gbenga, Adnan Musa, Ojo Adepeju Deborah, Oduwe Ugochukwu, Amaugo Love Chinyere, Malgwi James Hamman, Olowofela Ifeoluwa

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp.16-25, Dec-2023

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  Abstract
  This study investigates the impact of dichlorvos, an organophosphate insecticide, on nitric oxide levels in male rats and explores the potential ameliorative effects of vitamins (D and E) and flavonoids (quercetin and naringin). The research, conducted on 112 male Wistar rats, categorizes them into 14 groups with distinct treatments, including dichlorvos-only, recovery, and various combinations with vitamins and flavonoids over a four-week oral exposure period. Significant body weight reduction is observed in the dichlorvos-only group, with naringin showing the sole improvement in this effect. Dichlorvos is found to elevate nitric oxide levels across plasma, red blood cells, brain, and liver. Vitamin D and quercetin demonstrate variable reductions in nitric oxide concentrations compared to the dichlorvos-only group, across all parameters. Vitamin E, administered post-dichlorvos exposure, consistently decreases nitric oxide concentrations, except for a slight increase in the brain. Notably, naringin increases nitric oxide levels in the brain, red blood cells, and liver beyond dichlorvos levels. In conclusion, the study suggests that vitamins and quercetin can mitigate dichlorvos toxicity by modulating nitric oxide levels in all assessed parameters. However, naringin appears effective mainly in ameliorating body weight effects and in plasma. These findings underscore the potential of specific antioxidants to counteract the oxidative stress induced by dichlorvos, highlighting the nuanced impact of different compounds on nitric oxide regulation. The study contributes valuable insights into potential interventions to counteract the adverse effects of dichlorvos exposure, emphasizing the importance of targeted antioxidant strategies in mitigating organophosphate-induced toxicity.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  oxidative stress, amelioration, naringin, quercetin, vitamins, dichlorvos.

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  Citation
  Mubaraq Damilare Yussuf, Osibodu Hannah Aderinsola, Alowoeshin Oluwaseun Samuel, Omiyale Olumakinde Charles, Babalola Jonathan Gbenga, Adnan Musa, Ojo Adepeju Deborah, Oduwe Ugochukwu, Amaugo Love Chinyere, Malgwi James Hamman, Olowofela Ifeoluwa, "Modulation of nitric oxide by dichlorvos in rats: amelioration of fat-soluble vitamins (d & e) and flavonoids (quercetin and naringin)," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.6, pp.16-25, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections in Hilla hospital, Iraq

  Zaman S. Hamza

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp.26-30, Dec-2023

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

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  Citation

  Abstract
  A laboratory received a referral of 740 patients who exhibited clinical signs of urinary tract infection (UTI). Out of the 240 urine culture samples that yielded positive results, 65.83% were obtained from female patients (n = 158), while 32.15% were obtained from male patients (n = 82). The chi-square test demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between being female and experiencing a urinary tract infection (P<0.05). Among the total samples, 206 samples (85.83%) were classified as gram-negative bacteria, whereas 34 samples (14.16%) were classified as gram-positive bacteria. The experiment involved obtaining samples of urinary tract infections (UTIs) to isolate the bacteria E. coli, P. mirabilis, E. aerogenesis, S. aureus, and E. faecalis. The prevalence rates of E. coli and P. mirabilis, which are gram-negative uropathogens, were 44.58% and 28.33% respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant gram-positive bacteria responsible for urinary tract infections, with a prevalence rate of 8.6%. Women exhibited a higher overall prevalence of bacteria compared to men. AK and GEN exhibited the highest efficacy against E. coli and P. mirabilis. AMC and TI displayed minimal efficacy against E. coli, but TMP and NIT revealed minimal activity against P. mirabilis. P. aerogenes had the most vulnerability to AK and NOR, while demonstrating the lowest susceptibility to AMC. In general, the antibiogram profiles revealed that AK and GEN had superior effectiveness in comparison to the other medications that were analysed. Enterococcus faecalis has exhibited resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC), ampicillin (AMP), and doxycycline (DO), while vancomycin (VA) and linezolid (L) have demonstrated the highest efficacy as antibiotics. On the other hand, S. aureus showed the highest level of resistance to AMP, but the lowest level of resistance to VA and LEV.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  UTI, Drug resistance, antibiotic, MIC

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  Citation
  Zaman S. Hamza , "Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections in Hilla hospital, Iraq," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.6, pp.26-30, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Effectiveness of Synthetic Biology to Diminish Global Biological Diversity Loss: A Comprehensive Review

  Shourav Dutta

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp.31-38, Dec-2023

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  Abstract
  The status of biological diversity and genetic variations across the globe is changing faster due to various climatic and anthropogenic disturbances. Numerous research projects have revealed that traditional conservation approaches and protected area networks are inadequate to reduce the biodiversity loss rate. Synthetic biology is the most effective option to preserve biological diversity and increase sustainable protection of species in the existing environment through genetically improved materials. Synthetic biology is a field that connects research with practice, transforms ideas into innovations, offers the potential to resolve conservation problems via genome editing, and thinks strategically and tactically at the same time. This paper is prepared based on an extensive literature survey and explores synthetic biology`s effectiveness for the overall conservation practices of global biodiversity. The study revealed a communication gap and inadequate involvement between the conservation and synthetic biology communities. This paper broadly elucidates the potential applications of synthetic biology and discloses the necessity of optimistic synthetic biology technologies for protecting the global biological diversity.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Biodiversity loss, Conservation, Effectiveness, Gene modification, Sustainability, Synthetic biology

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  Shourav Dutta, "Effectiveness of Synthetic Biology to Diminish Global Biological Diversity Loss: A Comprehensive Review," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.6, pp.31-38, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Ecotoxicology of Microplastics with Interference in Human and Marine Ecosystems: A Mini Review

  Sandeep Kumar Soni, Manoj Kumar Solanki, Rajesh Pandey, Ankit Kumar Gautam, Saurabh Ojha, Anchal Singh, Rohit Patel, Parikshit Mishra

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp.39-45, Dec-2023

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  Abstract
  This review provides a comprehensive examination of the toxicological insinuations of microplastics, exploring its multifaceted impact in environment, marine ecology, and biological entities. Microplastics, pervasive in contemporary environments, pose a considerable threat to ecological balance. The assessment of environmental repercussions encompasses soil contamination, alteration of nutrient cycling, and disruptions in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In marine environments, microplastics exert adverse effects on various life forms, influencing behaviour, reproduction, and community dynamics. Furthermore, the review delves into the complex pathways through which microplastics enter and interact with biological systems, and affects the metabolism and energy production, regulative processes, oxidation, neurological actions, cardiac responses, cardiovascular functions, pulmonary and liver function.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Marine organism, Marine microplastics, cardiovascular diseases, environmental pollution.

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  Citation
  Sandeep Kumar Soni, Manoj Kumar Solanki, Rajesh Pandey, Ankit Kumar Gautam, Saurabh Ojha, Anchal Singh, Rohit Patel, Parikshit Mishra, "Ecotoxicology of Microplastics with Interference in Human and Marine Ecosystems: A Mini Review," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.6, pp.39-45, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Major Drivers and Effects of Land degradation in Nigeria: A Review

  Kebiru Umoru

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRBS)

  Vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp.46-50, Dec-2023

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  Abstract
  Land degradation is the process of land destruction, which is usually prompted by both anthropogenic and natural activities. It is one of the major environmental problems especially in developing countries. The focus of this paper is to review the studies on the main drivers and effects of land degradation phenomenon in Nigeria. Some of the major causes are discussed including deforestation and forest degradation, overgrazing, bush burning, and mining. This study also indicate that land degradation has severe negative effects on the ecosystem some of which are desertification and drought, loss of agrarian land, low crop production, and soil erosion, etc. Furthermore, the approach to manage land degradation is presented, and it was pointed out that the advantage of using remotely sensed data in land degradation assessment is that it provides a cost-effective, timely, and consistent evidence of degraded lands regularly.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Anthropogenic, conservation, land, LULC, productivity, sustainable

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  Citation
  Kebiru Umoru, "Major Drivers and Effects of Land degradation in Nigeria: A Review," International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.6, pp.46-50, 2023