Acorus Calamus: A Review

Durgavati Yadav¹ , Shivani Srivastava² , Yamini Bhusan Tripathi³

Section:Review Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp.62-67, Aug-2019

CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i4.6267

Online published on Aug 31, 2019

Copyright © Durgavati Yadav, Shivani Srivastava, Yamini Bhusan Tripathi . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

View this paper at   Google Scholar | DPI Digital Library

XML View     PDF Download

How to Cite this Paper

1316 Views    524 Downloads    116 Downloads

Abstract :
We found that Ayurveda, can serve as a “goldmine” for novel anti-inflammatory agents to treat chronic diseases. The current review is an attempt to provide description of one of the important ayurvedic plant and its treatment in various types of diseases. It is used in ailments like bronchitis, nervous disorders, colic, chest pain, diarrhoea, flatulence, ingestion, rheumatism, cough, fever, depression, tumors, skin diseases, acts as cryoprotective, inflammation and other nervous disorders. It is anti-microbial, anti-cancerous and also shown anti-diabetic potential. A number of active phytoconstituents have isolated and characterized from leaves and rhizomes, containing important essential oils. Its important therapeutic potentials are present in the rhizome part of the plant. Constituents, α-asarone and β-asarone are the predominant bioactive compounds found in this plant. At higher doses, genotoxicity and mutagenicity of α- and β-asarone have been reported in various studies, this limits its use. Ayurvedic plant with their active chemical components and the inflammatory pathways that they inhibit are yet clearly to understand.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Acorus, Diseases, Protection

References :
Bains, J. S., Dhuna, V., Singh, J., Kamboj, S. S., Nijjar, K. K., & Agrewala, J. N. (2005). Novel lectins from rhizomes of two Acorus species with mitogenic activity and inhibitory potential towards murine cancer cell lines. International Immunopharmacology, 5(9), 1470–1478. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INTIMP.2005.04.004
[2]. Chellian, R., Pandy, V., & Mohamed, Z. (2018). Alpha-asarone attenuates depression-like behavior in nicotine-withdrawn mice: Evidence for the modulation of hippocampal pCREB levels during nicotine-withdrawal. European Journal of Pharmacology, 818, 10–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.025
[3]. Das, B. K., Swamy, A. V., Koti, B. C., & Gadad, P. C. (2019a). Experimental evidence for use of Acorus calamus (asarone) for cancer chemoprevention. Heliyon, 5(5), e01585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01585
[4]. Das, B. K., Swamy, A. V., Koti, B. C., & Gadad, P. C. (2019b). Experimental evidence for use of Acorus calamus (asarone) for cancer chemoprevention. Heliyon, 5(5), e01585. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2019.E01585
[5]. Feng, X.-L., Yu, Y., Qin, D.-P., Gao, H., & Yao, X.-S. (2015). Acorus Linnaeus: a review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and neuropharmacology. RSC Advances, 5(7), 5173–5182. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA12049C
[6]. Forouzanfar, F., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2018). Medicinal herbs in the treatment of neuropathic pain: a review. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 21(4), 347–358. https://doi.org/10.22038/IJBMS.2018.24026.6021
[7]. full-text. (n.d.).
[8]. Gacche, R. N., & Dhole, N. A. (2006). Antioxidant and Possible Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Selected Medicinal Plants Prescribed in the Indian Traditional System of Medicine. Pharmaceutical Biology, 44(5), 389–395. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200600751691
[9]. Ganjewala, D., & Srivastava, A. K. (2011). An Update on Chemical Composition and Bioactivities of Acorus Species. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 10(3), 182–189. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2011.182.189
[10]. Geng, Y., Li, C., Liu, J., Xing, G., Zhou, L., Dong, M., … Niu, Y. (2010). Beta-Asarone Improves Cognitive Function by Suppressing Neuronal Apoptosis in the Beta-Amyloid Hippocampus Injection Rats. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 33(5), 836–843. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.33.836
[11]. Ghosh, M. (2006). Antifungal properties of haem peroxidase from Acorus calamus. Annals of Botany, 98(6), 1145–1153. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcl205
[12]. Gilani, A. ul H., Shah, A. J., Ahmad, M., & Shaheen, F. (2006). Antispasmodic effect ofAcorus calamus Linn. is mediated through calcium channel blockade. Phytotherapy Research, 20(12), 1080–1084. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2000
[13]. Imam, H., Riaz, Z., Azhar, M., Sofi, G., & Hussain, A. (2013). Sweet flag (Acorus calamus Linn.): An incredible medicinal herb. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 7(4), 288. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-8258.122053
[14]. Khan, M. A., & Islam, M. (2012). Analgesic and cytotoxic activity of Acorus calamus L., Kigelia pinnata L., Mangifera indica L. and Tabernaemontana divaricata L. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 4(2), 149. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.94820
[15]. Khwairakpam, A. D., Damayenti, Y. D., Deka, A., Monisha, J., Roy, N. K., Padmavathi, G., & Kunnumakkara, A. B. (2018). Acorus calamus: a bio-reserve of medicinal values. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 29(2), 107–122. https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0132
[16]. Lee, J. Y., Lee, J. Y., Yun, B.-S., & Hwang, B. K. (2004). Antifungal Activity of β-Asarone from Rhizomes of Acorus gramineus. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52(4), 776–780. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf035204o
[17]. Mathew, M., & Subramanian, S. (2014). In vitro screening for anti-cholinesterase and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of ayurvedic medicinal plants used for cognitive disorders. PloS One, 9(1), e86804. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086804
[18]. MD Kapadia, A. K. (2012). ANTIDIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF ACORUS CALAMUS | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.3(10).3847-50
[19]. Meenakshisundaram, A., Harikrishnan, T. J., Rani, N., & Anna, T. (2014). Evaluation of Extract from Sweet Flag Rhizome for Biological Activity against House Fly. Cloud Publications International Journal of Advanced Veterinary Science and Technology, 3(1), 140–144. Retrieved from http://scientific.cloud-journals.com/index.php/IJAVST/article/view/Sci-201
[20]. Motley, T. J. (n.d.). The Ethnobotany of Sweet Flag, Acorus calamus (Araceae). Economic Botany. SpringerNew York Botanical Garden Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/4255666
[21]. Muthuraman, A., & Singh, N. (2012). Neuroprotective effect of saponin rich extract of Acorus calamus L. in rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve-induced neuropathic pain. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 142(3), 723–731. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2012.05.049
[22]. Patel, P., Vaghasiya, J., Thakor, A., & Jariwala, J. (2012). Antihypertensive effect of rhizome part of Acorus calamus on renal artery occlusion induced hypertension in rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 2, S6–S10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(12)60114-5
[23]. Pawar, V. S., Anup, A., Shrikrishna, B., & Shivakumar, H. (2011). Antidepressant–like effects of Acorus calamus in forced swimming and tail suspension test in mice. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 1(1), S17–S19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60114-7
[24]. Rau, O., Wurglics, M., Dingermann, T., Abdel-Tawab, M., & Schubert-Zsilavecz, M. (2006). Screening of herbal extracts for activation of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. Die Pharmazie, 61(11), 952–956. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17152989
[25]. Ravichandiran, V., & Vishal, P. (n.d.). IN VITRO EVALUATION FOR IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF ACORUS CALAMUS ON HUMAN NEUTROPHILS. Int. Res. J. Pharm, 2015(7). https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.06792
[26]. Rawat, S., Jugran, A. K., Bahukhandi, A., Bahuguna, A., Bhatt, I. D., Rawal, R. S., & Dhar, U. (2016). Anti-oxidant and anti-microbial properties of some ethno-therapeutically important medicinal plants of Indian Himalayan Region. 3 Biotech, 6(2), 154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-016-0470-2
[27]. Research journal of pharmaceutical, biological and chemical sciences RJPBCS. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280009991_The_Sweetness_and_Bitterness_of_Sweet_Flag_Acorus_calamus_L_-_A_Review
[28]. RS Parab, S. M. (2003). Evaluation of hypolipidemic activity of Acorus calamus Linn. in rats | R.S. Parab. Indian Drugs, 40(1), 25–29. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289140064_Evaluation_of_hypolipidemic_activity_of_Acorus_calamus_Linn_in_rats
[29]. Sabitha Rani, A., Satyakala, M., Sandya Devi, V., & Suryanarayana Murty, U. (2003). Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity from Rhizome Extract of Acorus calamus Linn. Journal of Scientiti c & Industri al Research (Vol. 62). Retrieved from http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/26317/1/JSIR 62%286%29 623-625.pdf
[30]. Saroya, A. S., & Singh, J. (2018). Neuropharmacology of Acorus calamus L. In Pharmacotherapeutic Potential of Natural Products in Neurological Disorders (pp. 129–134). Singapore: Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0289-3_11
[31]. Shah, A. J., & Gilani, A. H. (2012). Aqueous-methanolic extract of sweet flag (Acorus calamus) possesses cardiac depressant and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor-mediated coronary vasodilator effects. Journal of Natural Medicines, 66(1), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-011-0561-7
[32]. Shah, P. D., Ghag, M., Deshmukh, P. B., Kulkarni, Y., Joshi, S. V., Vyas, B. A., & Shah, D. R. (2012). Toxicity study of ethanolic extract of Acorus calamus rhizome. International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP), 6(1). https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V6I1.234
[33]. Shukla, P. K., Khanna, V. K., Ali, M. M., Maurya, R. R., Handa, S. S., & Srimal, R. C. (2002). Protective effect of Acorus calamus against acrylamide induced neurotoxicity. Phytotherapy Research, 16(3), 256–260. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.854
[34]. Singh, B. K., Pillai, K. K., Kohli, K., & Haque, S. E. (2011). Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Rats: Influence of Acorus calamus Linn. Cardiovascular Toxicology, 11(3), 263–271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12012-011-9121-3
[35]. Singh, R., Pharm, M., Sharma, K., & Malviya, R. (2011). Pharmacological Properties and Ayurvedic Value of Indian Buch Plant (Acorus calamus): A Short Review. Advances in Biological Research, 5(3), 145–154. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1083/b32c25ce2afdd8ffbca3d72137b93eb23a89.pdf
[36]. Zaugg, J., Eickmeier, E., Ebrahimi, S. N., Baburin, I., Hering, S., & Hamburger, M. (2011). Positive GABA(A) receptor modulators from Acorus calamus and structural analysis of (+)-dioxosarcoguaiacol by 1D and 2D NMR and molecular modeling. Journal of Natural Products, 74(6), 1437–1443. https://doi.org/10.1021/np200181d
[37]. ZHANG, G., KIMURA, S., NISHIYAMA, A., SHOKOJI, T., RAHMAN, M., YAO, L., … ABE, Y. (2005). Cardiac oxidative stress in acute and chronic isoproterenol-infused rats. Cardiovascular Research, 65(1), 230–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.08.013
[38]. Zhou, Q., Nie, S., & Liu, Z. (2016). Effect of Donepezil Hydrochloride on Cognitive Function Med One Effect of Donepezil Hydrochloride on Cognitive Function Recovery of Rats With Alzheimer’s Disease Effect of Donepezil Hydrochloride on Cognitive Function. https://doi.org/10.20900/mo.20160023