Bioprospecting of Fungi for Melanin fabrication: A Comprehensive Review

Avinash Irappa Ammanagi¹ , Abhijeeth Shivappa Badiger² , Shivasharana C. T.³

Section:Review Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp.89-100, Aug-2019

CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i4.89100

Online published on Aug 31, 2019

Copyright © Avinash Irappa Ammanagi, Abhijeeth Shivappa Badiger, Shivasharana C. T. . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

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Abstract :
Melanin is a gloomy diffusive shade, present as a self-protective operator in miscellaneous life forms including microorganisms, plants, animals and human beings. Melanin assumes numerous self-defensive parts, for example, hindering of UV radiation, free radical adsorption, and lethal iron chelation, penetrating of phenolic mixes and defending against ecological pressure. Therefore, it is a conventional compound in remedy, pharmacology and beauty care products. Melanin is arranged from L-tyrosine by means of a development of enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions by the chemical tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1). To begin with, tyrosinase catalyzes the hydroxylation of L-tyrosine to L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). The L-DOPA is reacted to dopachrome, which is changed over to melanin by a progression of non-enzymatic oxido-reduction reactions. Chemical production of melanin is cost effective so microbial production of melanin is considered to be good in industrial scale. Melanin is critical component of some the microorganisms as reported. This review is concerned with transformed classes of melanin, pathway of melanin; factors influence the melanin production and application of melanin isolated from different fungi.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Melanin, Tyrosine, Tyrosinase, L-DOPA, Fungi

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