Evaluation of a Protective Effect of the Water Extract of Thymus Leaves Against Diclofenac Sodium-Induced Renal Toxicity in the Syrian Hamster

Hala Salman¹ , Ali Daoud² , Marwan Dabbagh³

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp.151-157, Apr-2020

Online published on Apr 30, 2020

Copyright © Hala Salman, Ali Daoud, Marwan Dabbagh . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

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Abstract :
Diclofenac sodium is a common analgesic and antipyretic drug which is safe in therapeutic doses but can produce life-threatening renal damages with toxic doses.The current study was designed to investigate the protective effects of aqueous extract of thyme leaves (Thymus Vulgaris) against diclofenac sodium-induced toxicity in Syrian hamsters. A total of 32 hamsters were divided equally into 4 major groups. Group I received distilled water (2 ml) daily, group II received thyme extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg b. wt /day, orally Mediated by tubular feeding for five weeks. group III received diclofenac sodium at a dose of 6 mg /kg b.wt three times a week without extract for five weeks, while group IV received diclofenac sodium plus thyme extract for five weeks. then, hamsters were sacrificed by ether anesthesia and blood samples were collected they were autopsied, and kidney tissue samples were prepared .The obtained results showed that, Administration of sodium diclofenac to hamsters induced marked disturbance of renal functions, characterized by a significant increase in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and potassium (p <0.001),while the sodium concentration (p <0.001) decreased in the third group compared to the control and the second groups. Histopathological changes showed that sodium diclofenac caused significant structural damages to kidneys and showed clear signs of acute cellular necrosis of the renal tubules and glomeruli.This was evidenced by the breakdown of cell membranes, dense cellular debris in the lumen of tubes and glomeruli, increased bowman area, and severe blood congestion.On the other hand,Oral co-administration of thyme extract with sodium diclofenac significantly decreased the level of ALP and potassium (p <0.001) and significantly increased the level of sodium in group IV animals compared to that in group III. Moreover,thyme extract also exhibited some improvement in the histological architecture of kidney that looked normal.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Hamster, Kidney, Diclofenac Sodium, nephrotoxicity, thyme leaves extract

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