IR & UV Irradiation Methods to Improve the Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles in the Eradication of Biofilm-Forming Microbes Isolated from Surfaces of Severe Accidental Wounds

Chirasmita Mohanty¹ , Pratyush Kumar Das² , Gopal Krishna Purohit³

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp.1-9, Aug-2022

Online published on Aug 31, 2022

Copyright © Chirasmita Mohanty, Pratyush Kumar Das, Gopal Krishna Purohit . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

View this paper at   Google Scholar | DPI Digital Library

XML View     PDF Download

How to Cite this Paper

Abstract :
Bacterial biofilms are a major concern towards human health. Nanoparticles work against bacteria through a unique mechanism, making them a promising alternative for biofilm eradication. Silver nanoparticles are widely known and used for their efficient antibacterial property. In the current study, a swab sample was collected from the surfaces of 10-day-old wounds resulting from a road accident and cultured. Four biofilm-forming bacterial strains were isolated by studying the colony morphology and staining properties. Genomic characterization of the isolated strains was carried out by 16s rRNA sequencing using 27F and 149R universal primer. The fasta sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analysis following the maximum likelihood method using Mega software (Version 10.2.5). The biofilm-forming strains were identified as Escherichia coli (CMPD1), Klebsiella pneumonia (CMPD2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CMPD3), and Staphylococcus aureus (CMPD4). Silver nanoparticles were synthesized following the green synthesis approach for the anti-biofilm study using Cinnamomum tamala leaf extract as a natural reductant. 10 ml of different concentrations of silver nitrate (2 mM, 4 mM, 6 mM, 8mM, and 10mM) and plant extracts (1ml to 5 ml) were taken for the synthesis. The change in colour of the solution to dark brown confirmed the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The absorption maxima of the nanoparticles obtained by using 4mM silver nitrate and 5 ml of leaf extract were found to be 430 nm using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Anti-microbial activity of the same sample showed higher inhibition efficiency as compared to others thereby confirming high concentrations of silver nanoparticles. The selected nanoparticle sample was divided into two parts. One part was irradiated with a 39W UV lamp (254 nm) and the other with a 100W IR lamp (1000 nm) for 10 minutes each. Post irradiation, the anti-biofilm assay was conducted in a 96-well microtiter plate. Irradiated nanoparticles showed higher anti-biofilm activity as compared to the non-irradiated ones. The activity of nanoparticles followed the sequence – IR>UV>Non-irradiated.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Antibacterial, Biofilms, Human health, Silver nanoparticles, Cinnamomum tamala , Wounds.

References :
[1]. H. Haidari, R. Bright, S. Garg, K.Vasilev, A.J. Cowin, Z. Kopecki, “Eradication of Mature Bacterial Biofilms with Concurrent Improvement in Chronic Wound Healing Using Silver Nanoparticle Hydrogel Treatment”, Biomedicines, Vol.9, Issue.9, pp.1182, 2021.
[2]. P.K. Das, S. Samal, “Microbial biofilms: pathogenicity and treatment strategies”, PharmaTutor, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.16-22, 2018.
[3]. R.A. Mendoza, J. Hsieh, R.D. Galiano, “The impact of biofilm formation on wound healing”, Wound healing-current perspectives, Vol.10, 2019.
[4]. U. Tasneem, N. Yasin, I. Nisa, F. Shah, U. Rasheed, F. Momin, S. Zaman, M. Qasim, “Biofilm producing bacteria: A serious threat to public health in developing countries”, International Journal of Food Sciences And Nutrition, Vol.1, Issue.2, pp.25-31, 2018.
[5]. W. Liu,W. Ou-Yang, C. Zhang, Q. Wang, X. Pan, P. Huang, C. Zhang, Y. Li, D. Kong, W. Wang, “Synthetic polymeric antibacterial hydrogel for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus-infected wound healing: nanoantimicrobial self-assembly, drug-and cytokine-free strategy”, ACS nano, Vol.14, Issue.10, pp.12905-12917, 2020.
[6]. M. Jamal, W. Ahmad, S. Andleeb, F. Jalil, M. Imran, M.A. Nawaz, T. Hussain, M. Ali, M. Rafiq, M.A. Kamil, “Bacterial biofilm and associated infections”, Journal of the chinese medical association, Vol.18, Issue.1, pp.7-11, 2018.
[7]. R.O. Darouiche, “Treatment of infections associated with surgical implants”, New England Journal of Medicine, Vol.350, Issue.14, pp.1422-1429, 2004.
[8]. A. Maione, E. de Alteriis, F. Carraturo, S. Galdiero, A. Falanga, M. Guida, A. Di Cosmo, V. Maselli, E. Galdiero, “The membranotropic peptide gH625 to combat mixed Candida albicans/Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm: Correlation between in vitro anti-biofilm activity and in vivo antimicrobial protection”, Journal of Fungi. Vol.7, Issue.1, pp.26, 2021.
[9]. B.A. Pati, W.E. Kurata, T.S. Horseman, L.M. Pierce, “Antibiofilm activity of chitosan/epsilon?poly?L?lysine hydrogels in a porcine ex vivo skin wound polymicrobial biofilm model”, Wound Repair and Regeneration, Vol.29, Issue.2, pp.316-326, 2021.
[10]. N. Weiland-Bräuer, I. Malek, R.A. Schmitz, “Metagenomic quorum quenching enzymes affect biofilm formation of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus epidermidis”, PLoS One, Vol.14, Issue.1, pp.e0211366, 2019.
[11]. M. Campbell, R. Fathi, S.Y. Cheng, A. Ho, E.S. Gilbert, “Rhamnus prinoides (gesho) stem extract prevents co?culture biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans”, Letters in Applied Microbiology, Vol.71, Issue.3, pp.294-302, 2020.
[12]. M. Pourhajibagher, R. Ghorbanzadeh, A. Bahador, “Antimicrobial properties of acrylic resins doped with Undaria pinnatifida exposed to light-emitting diode: In silico and in vitro assessments on multispecies biofilm-producing microbiota”, Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Vol.27, pp.210-215, 2019.
[13]. Y. Tan, M. Leonhard, S. Ma, D. Moser, B. Schneider-Stickler, “Efficacy of carboxymethyl chitosan against Candida tropicalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis monomicrobial and polymicrobial biofilms”, International journal of biological macromolecules, Vol.110, pp.150-156, 2018.
[14]. C.L. Hager, N. Isham, K.P. Schrom, J. Chandra, T. McCormick, M. Miyagi, M.A. Ghannoum, “Effects of a novel probiotic combination on pathogenic bacterial-fungal polymicrobial biofilms”, mBio, Vol.10, Issue.2, pp.e00338-19, 2019.
[15]. K. Van Dyck, R.M. Pinto, D. Pully, P. Van Dijck, “Microbial interkingdom biofilms and the quest for novel therapeutic strategies”, Microorganisms, Vol.9, Issue.2, pp.412, 2021.
[16]. Y. Gao, J. Wang, M. Chai, X. Li, Y. Deng, Q. Jin, J. Ji, “Size and charge adaptive clustered nanoparticles targeting the biofilm microenvironment for chronic lung infection management”, ACS nano, Vol.14, Issue.5, pp.5686-5699, 2020.
[17]. X. Xue, J. Jia, X. Yue, Y. Guan, L. Zhu, Z. Wang, “River contamination shapes the microbiome and antibiotic resistance in sharpbelly (Hemiculter leucisculus)”, Environmental Pollution, Vol.268, pp.115796, 2021.
[18]. K. Kalantari, E. Mostafavi, A.M. Afifi, Z. Izadiyan, H. Jahangirian, R. Rafiee-Moghaddam, T.J. Webster, “Wound dressings functionalized with silver nanoparticles: promises and pitfalls. Nanoscale” Vol.12, Issue.4, pp.2268-2291, 2020.
[19]. K.M. Soto, C.T. Quezada-Cervantes, M. Hernández-Iturriaga, G. Luna-Bárcenas, R. Vazquez-Duhalt, S. Mendoza, “Fruit peels waste for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens”, Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie, Vol.103, pp.293-300, 2019.
[20]. H.M. Mehwish, M.S. Rajoka, Y. Xiong, H. Cai, R.M. Aadil, Q. Mahmood, Z. He, Q. Zhu, “Green synthesis of a silver nanoparticle using Moringa oleifera seed and its applications for antimicrobial and sun-light mediated photocatalytic water detoxification”, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Vol.9, Issue.4, pp.105290, 2021.
[21]. H. Agarwal, A. Nakara, S. Menon, V. Shanmugam, “Eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Cinnamomum Tamala leaf extract and its promising effect towards the antibacterial activity”, Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, Vol.53, pp.101212, 2019.
[22]. E. Zare, S. Pourseyedi, M. Khatami, E. Darezereshki, “Simple biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using nature`s source, and it`s in vitro bio-activity”, Journal of Molecular Structure, Vol.1146, pp.96-103, 2017.
[23]. S. Hamedi, S.A. Shojaosadati, “Rapid and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Diospyros lotus extract: Evaluation of their biological and catalytic activities”, Polyhedron, Vol.171, pp.172-180, 2019.
[24]. M.B. Estevez, S. Raffaelli, S.G. Mitchell, R. Faccio, S. Alborés, “Biofilm eradication using biogenic silver nanoparticles”, Molecules, Vol.25, Issue.9, pp.2023, 2020.
[25]. A.A. Yetisgin, S. Cetinel, M. Zuvin, A. Kosar, O. Kutlu, “Therapeutic nanoparticles and their targeted delivery applications”, Molecules. Vol.25, Issue.9, pp.2193, 2020.
[26]. M. H?lková, J. Soukupová, R.P. Carlson, B. Maršálek, “Interspecies interactions can enhance Pseudomonas aeruginosa tolerance to surfaces functionalized with silver nanoparticles”, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, Vol.192, pp.111027, 2020.
[27]. D.J. Magdalene, D. Muthuselvam, T. Pravinraj, “Microfluidics-based green synthesis of silver nanoparticle from the aqueous leaf extract of Ipomea quamoclit L.”, Applied Nanoscience, Vol.11, Issue.7, pp.2073-2084, 2021.
[28]. G.D. Avila-Quezada, G.P. Espino-Solis, “Silver nanoparticles offer effective control of pathogenic bacteria in a wide range of food products”, InPathogenic Bacteria, IntechOpen 2019.
[29]. S. Farisa Banu, D. Rubini, S. Rakshitaa, K. Chandrasekar, R. Murugan, A. Wilson, S. Gowrishankar, S.K. Pandian, P. Nithyanand, “Antivirulent properties of underexplored Cinnamomum tamala essential oil and its synergistic effects with DNase against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms–an in vitro study”, Frontiers in microbiology, Vol. 8, pp.1144, 2017.
[30]. D. Mal, S.K. Gharde, R. Chatterjee, “Chemical constituent of Cinnamom umtamala: An important tree spices”, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.648-651, 2018.
[31]. G. El-Shennawy, R. Abd Ellatif, S. Badran, R. El-Sokkary, “Silver nanoparticles: A potential antibacterial and antibiofilm agent against biofilm forming multidrug resistant bacteria”, Microbes and Infectious Diseases, Vol.1, Issue.2, pp.77-85, 2020.
[32]. M.H. Siddique, B. Aslam, M. Imran, A. Ashraf, H. Nadeem, S. Hayat, M. Khurshid, M. Afzal, I.R. Malik, M. Shahzad, U. Qureshi, “Effect of silver nanoparticles on biofilm formation and EPS production of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia”, Biomed research international, 2020.
[33]. S. Anju, P. Sai Gayathri, Sri Charani, K.N.S. Sushmitha, J. Sarada, “Evaluation of medicinal plant extracts and biosynthesized nanoparticles for antibiofilm activity against Pseudomonas biofilm”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.06, Issue.01, pp.0-0, 2019.
[34]. G.Supriya, S. Chaitanya Kumari, “Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Aloe vera extract and assessing their antimicrobial activity against skin infections”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol.06, Issue.01, pp.60-65, 2019.
[35]. D. Yuliani, D.F. Alwyda, A. Jannah, Romaidi, “Isolation, identification and characterization of chromium-lead resistant bacteria from the effluent of leather tanning industry in Malang, Indonesia”, InAIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing LLC, Vol.2120, Issue.1, pp.080021, 2019.
[36]. E.S. Wright, L.S. Yilmaz, D.R. Noguera, “DECIPHER, a search-based approach to chimera identification for 16S rRNA sequences. Applied and environmental microbiology”, Vol.78, Issue.3, pp.717-725, 2012.
[37]. N. Krithiga, A. Rajalakshmi, A. Jayachitra, “Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extracts of Clitoria ternatea and Solanum nigrum and study of its antibacterial effect against common nosocomial pathogens”, Journal of Nanoscience, 2015.
[38]. G.N. Rajivgandhi, G. Ramachandran, M. Maruthupandy, N. Manoharan, N.S. Alharbi, S. Kadaikunnan, J.M. Khaled, T.N. Almanaa, W.J. Li, “Anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Gracilaria corticata against biofilm producing K. pneumonia”, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Vol. 600, pp.124830, 2020.
[39]. J. Hudzicki, Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test protocol, American society for microbiology, Vol. 15, pp.55-63, 2009.
[40]. F.A. Qais, A. Shafiq, H.M. Khan, F.M. Husain, R.A. Khan, B. Alenazi, A. Alsalme, I. Ahmad, “Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Murraya koenigii (L.) against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Bioinorganic chemistry and applications”, 2019.
[41]. K. Nahar, S. Aziz, M. Bashar, M. Haque, S.M. Al-Reza, “Synthesis and characterization of Silver nanoparticles from Cinnamomum tamala leaf extract and its antibacterial potential”, International Journal of Nano Dimension, Vol.11, Issue.1, pp.88-98, 2020.
[42]. S.S. Dash, S. Samanta, S. Dey, B. Giri, S.K. Dash, “Rapid green synthesis of biogenic silver nanoparticles using Cinnamomum tamala leaf extract and its potential antimicrobial application against clinically isolated multidrug-resistant bacterial strains”, Biological trace element research, Vol.198, Issue.2, pp.681-696, 2020.
[43]. D. Philip, “Green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using Hibiscus rosa sinensis”, Physica E: Low-Dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, Vol. 42, Issue.5, pp.1417-1424, 2010.
[44]. M. Ndikau, N.M. Noah, D.M. Andala, E. Masika, “Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Citrullus lanatus fruit rind extract”, International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2017.
[45]. D. Al Mashud, M. Abdullah, M. Moinuzzaman, M. Hossain, S. Ahmed, G. Ahsan, A. Reza, R.B. Ratul, M. Uddin, M. Momin, M.A. Jamal, “Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Cinnamomum Tamala (Tejpata) Leaf and Their Potential Applications to Control Multidrug Resistance Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Hospital`s Drainage Water”, Heliyon, pp.e09920, 2022.
[46]. S. Nakamura, N. Ando, M. Sato, M. Ishihara, “Ultraviolet irradiation enhances the microbicidal activity of silver nanoparticles by hydroxyl radicals”, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol.21, Issue.9, pp.3204,2020.
[47]. W. Hassan, K.S. Zainab, H. Noreen, A. Riaz, B. Zaman, “Antimicrobial activity of cinnamomum tamala leaves”, Journal of Nutritional Disorders & Therapy, Vol. 6, Issue.2, pp.2161-0509, 2016.