Retrospective analysis of Immuno-fixation Electrophoresis in the Detection of Multiple Myeloma: An Experience of a Corporate Laboratory

Pawan Kumar¹

1. Dept. of Biochemistry, Health Quest Laboratories, Gurugram, Haryana, India.

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp.17-19, Dec-2022

Online published on Dec 31, 2022

Copyright © Pawan Kumar . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

View this paper at   Google Scholar | DPI Digital Library

XML View     PDF Download

How to Cite this Paper

117 Views    285 Downloads    33 Downloads

Abstract :
Multiple Myeloma (M.M) is a malignant proliferation of B cell lineage mutated plasma cells, which secretes immunoglobulin as resulting in monoclonal elevations of immunoglobulins of same clonality. These monoclonal immunoglobulins can be identified by Immunofixation electrophoresis. Identification of these immunoglobulins helps to differentiate between suspected cases of multiple myeloma and benign conditions. Serum samples from 112 suspected cases of M.M were subjected to immunofixation electrophoresis on Sebia Minicap System. Monoclonal band was detected and typing of heavy chain and light chain was performed. We observed approx. 20.5 % cases had monoclonal gammopathy. Out of these approx. 60.8 % cases showed IgG type of monoclonal gammopathy. IFE is specialized non-invasive test, which can be used to identify monoclonal gammopathy where suspicion of MM is very high and where other tests are inconclusive. IFE should be recommended to the suspected cases of multiple myeloma.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Multiple Myeloma, B-Cells, Iummunofixation Electrophoresis, Plasma Cells

References :
[1] Rajkumar SV, Kumar S. Multiple Myeloma: Diagnosis and Treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. Jan; Vol.91, Issue.1, pp.101-19, 2016
[2] Laubach J, Richardson P, Anderson K. Multiple myeloma. Annu Rev Med.; Vol.62, pp.249-264, 2011.
[3] Zhu S, Li W, Lin M, Li T. Serum Protein Electrophoresis and Immunofixation Electrophoresis Detection in Multiple Myeloma. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak.; Vol.30, Issue.7, pp.864-867, 2021.
[4] Miceli TS, Colson K, Faiman BM, Miller K, Tariman JD; International Myeloma Foundation Nurse Leadership Board. Maintaining bone health in patients with multiple myeloma: survivorship care plan of the International Myeloma Foundation Nurse Leadership Board. Clin J Oncol Nurs.Vol.15, pp.9-23, 2011.
[5] Lakshminarayanan R, Li Y, Janatpour K, Beckett L, Jialal I. Detection by immunofixation of M proteins in hypogammaglobulinemic patients with normal serum protein electrophoresis results. Am J Clin Pathol.;Vol.127, Issue.5, pp.746-751, 2007.
[6]Ramanathan, S., & Srinivas, C. N. . Serum Protein Electrophoresisand Its Clinical Applications. In V. Bobbarala, G. S. Zaman, M. N. M. Desa, & A. M. Akim (Eds.), Biochemical Testing - Clinical Correlation and Diagnosis. IntechOpen. 2019.
[7] Keren DF. Capillary zone electrophoresis in the evaluation of serum protein abnormalities. Am J Clin Pathol.; Vol.110, Issue.2, pp.248-252,1998.
[8] Rajkumar SV. Multiple myeloma: 2020 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification and management [published correction appears in Am J Hematol. 2020 Nov;95(11):1444]. Am J Hematol.; Vol.95, Issue.5, pp.548-567, 2020.
[9]Chopra GS, Gupta PK, Mishra DK. The evaluation of suspected monoclonal gammopathies: the experience in a tertiary care hospital. MJAFI; Vol.62, pp.134-137, 2006.
[10]Dilawar M, liaz A, Hafeez A, Akbar N, Khan FA, et al. The pattern of serum protein electrophoresis in various diseases. Pak J Pathol.; Vol.16, Issue.1, pp.22-27, 2005.
[11]Vijayashree N .The serum protein electrophoresis pattern in the chronically ill patients in a tertiary care hospital. Ind J Clin Biochem.; Vol.24, pp.204, 2009.
[12]Bergón, Enrique and Miravalles, Elena. "Retrospective study of monoclonal gammopathies detected in the clinical laboratory of a Spanish healthcare district: 14-year series", Vol.45, Issue.2, pp. 190-196, 2007.
[13]Singh K, Singh B, Arora S, Saxena A. Immunological evidence of monoclonal gammopathy in North India: a hospital based study. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine International.Vol.2, pp.107-111, 2010.