Genetics and Liver Function Tests: Unraveling the Molecular Landscape of Hepatic Health

Pawan Kumar¹

Section:Review Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp.32-40, Feb-2024

Online published on Feb 28, 2024

Copyright © Pawan Kumar . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

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Abstract :
The liver, a complex organ with multifaceted functions, is subject to a myriad of genetic influences that contribute to individual variations in liver function. This review article explores the intricate relationship between genetics and liver function tests (LFTs), shedding light on the molecular basis of hepatic health. We delve into the key genetic determinants influencing various LFT markers, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, and others. Advancements in genomics, particularly through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), have unveiled a wealth of genetic variants associated with alterations in LFT parameters across diverse populations. This review synthesizes findings from these studies, providing insights into the genetic architecture of liver function and its implications for clinical practice. We discuss the clinical significance of genetic polymorphisms in the context of liver diseases, emphasizing their potential as biomarkers for disease risk stratification. Furthermore, the review elucidates the genetic underpinnings of specific liver conditions, such as hemochromatosis, Wilson`s disease, and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, highlighting how genetic factors contribute to variations in liver function tests and disease progression. The impact of genetic diversity on drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity is also explored, emphasizing the importance of personalized medicine in optimizing treatment outcomes. The integration of genetic information into the interpretation of LFT results is discussed, emphasizing the evolving landscape of precision medicine in hepatology. We address challenges and opportunities in incorporating genetic data into routine clinical practice, considering ethical considerations and potential benefits for patient care. In conclusion, this review consolidates current knowledge on the interplay between genetics and liver function, providing a comprehensive overview of the molecular basis of hepatic health. Understanding the genetic determinants of liver function not only enhances diagnostic accuracy but also opens avenues for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions, ultimately paving the way for personalized approaches to liver health assessment and management.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Liver Cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, Wilson`s disease, Gilbert Syndrome, Bilirubin.

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