Role of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Leptin Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, and Obesity in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Thualfiqar Ghalib Turki¹ , Jumana Waleed Ammar²

1. Dept. of Medical Biotechnology /Faculty of Biotechnology, Al-Qassim Green University, Babel, Iraq.
2. Dept. of Pathological analysis, Faculty of Science, Al-Qassim Green University, Babel, Iraq.

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp.1-6, Aug-2024

Online published on Aug 31, 2024

Copyright © Thualfiqar Ghalib Turki, Jumana Waleed Ammar . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

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Abstract :
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects women and impacts the ovaries. Obesity, genetics, and the environment are major causes of PCOS. Many disorders are associated with PCOS such as anovulation, hyperinsulinemia, and trouble with the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis. Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are some of the hormones affected in PCOS. A high leptin level in obese women is the main cause for elevation of GnRH. The aim of this study is to determine the roles of GnRH, leptin, LH, and FSH in the occurrence of polycystic ovarian syndrome. A biochemical study was carried out from January to march 2024, involving 100 samples from Iraqi women suffered from PCOS collected from Al-Zahraa teaching hospital and Al-Diwaniyah hospital of children ,alongside 100 samples from healthy women. Measurement of GnRH , Leptin ,LH , FSH concentration were achieved by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The P-value test was utilized to analyze the data and determine the statistical significance of the study results. The concentrations of GnRH, leptin, LH, and FSH hormones were elevated in PCOS patients compared to the control group. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in these parameters between PCOS patients and the control group, with a P-value of 0.0001* for all parameters. Elevated levels of GnRH, leptin, LH, and FSH are highly associated with the occurrence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and contribute to hormonal imbalances depending on the stage of the condition. There is a correlation between leptin and GnRH: elevated leptin levels in obese women lead to increased stimulation of GnRH from the hypothalamus, which, in turn, stimulates the pituitary gland to produce more LH and FSH. Obesity is considered a primary factor in the elevation of GnRH levels in PCOS, resulting in symptoms such as hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone, Leptin hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Obesity.

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