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• Open Access   Article

  The Influence of the Vacuum drying method on the physicochemical properties of Stingless bee Honey

  I. Meechai, R. Yusoh, I. Chelong, A. Suksuwan

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRCS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp.1-3, Oct-2022

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  Purpose: The aim of this research was to preliminary study the influence of the reducing moisture method on the physicochemical properties of honey stingless bees. Research Method: By using a vacuum pump combined with a desiccator for 0, 1, 3, and 5 hours. After reducing moisture content, the honey of stingless bees was determined physicochemical properties, moisture content, pH, conductivity, Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content, °Brix, total reducing sugar content, and color according to AOAC and International Honey Commission. Findings: The results showed that at 5 hours displayed the moisture content lower than others. Additionally, their physicochemical properties were nearly the raw honey stingless bee before reducing moisture content and accordingly to stingless bee honey standard. Originality/value: Research findings could be used in the agricultural or food industries for honey storage and quality control.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Honey stingless bee; Physicochemical properties; Vacuum drying method

  References
  [1] B. Chuttong, Y. Chanbang, K. Sringarm, M. Burgett, “Physicochemical profiles of stingless bee (Apidae: Meliponini) honey from South East Asia (Thailand),” Food Chemistry, Vol. 192 (2016), pp.149-155, 2016.
  [2] T.A. Heard, “The of stingless bees in crop pollination,” Annual Review of Entomology,” Vol. 44, pp.183-206, 1999.
  [3] A. Klakasikorn, S. Wongsiri, S. Deowanish, O. Duangphakdee, “New Record of Stingless Bees (Meliponini: Trigona) in Thailand,” The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University, Vol. 5, Issue. 1, pp. 1-7, 2005.
  [4] R.G. de Oliveira, “Nutritional Composition and Medical Properties of Honey from Stingless Bees,” Nutrition and Food Science International Journal, Vol. 7, Issue. 2, pp.1-2, 2018.
  [5] D.C.C. Lim, M.F., Abu Bakar, M., Majid, “Nutritional composition of stingless bee honey from different botanical origins,” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol. 269, pp. 1-5, 2019.
  [6] S.K. Yap, N.L. Chin, Y.A. Yusof, K.Y. Chong, “Quality characteristics of dehydrated raw Kelulut honey,” International Journal of Food Properties, Vol. 22, Issue. 1, pp.556-571, 2019.
  [7] I. Singh, S. Singh, “Honey moisture reduction and its quality,” Journal of Food Science and Technology, Vol. 55, Issue. 10, pp.3861-3871. 2018.
  [8] Y. Eshete, T. Eshete, “A Review on the Effect of Processing Temperature and Time duration on Commercial Honey Quality,” Madridge Journal of Food Technology. Vol. 4, Issue. 1, pp.158-162, 2019.
  [9] S. Kunjet, N. Tedsree, T. Pumdara, S. Sutthiphon, “Effects of drying method on stable and quality of stingless bee honey,” Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, Vol. 45, Suppl.1, pp.1355-1359, 2017.
  [10] I. Singh, S. Singh, “Honey moisture reduction and its quality,” Journal of Food Science and Technology, Vol. 55, Issue. 10, pp.3861-3871, 2018.
  [11] AOAC, “Official Methods of Analysis,” 17th Edition, The Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, 2000.
  [12] S. Bogdanov, P. Martin, C. Lûllman, R. Borneck, M. Morlot, J. Lheritier, et al. “Harmonized methods of the European Honey Commission,” Apidologie, 28 (extra issue), pp.1-59. 1997.
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  [14] S. Akbar, A. Nazir, S.A. Shah, “Analysis of Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Parameters of Rawal and Khanpur Dams,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemical Science, Vol.9, Issue.2, pp.1-7, 2022.
  [15] D. Frasco, “Analysis of Honey Color and HMF Content using a Genesys UV-Visible Spectrophotometer,” Thermo Fisher Scientific, Madison, WI, USA, 2018.
  [16] C.P. Panceri, T.M. Gomes, J.S. De Gois, D.L.G. Borges, M.T. Bordignon-Luiz, “Effect of dehydration process on mineral content, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot grapes,” Food Research International, Vol. 54, pp.1343-1350, 2013.

  Citation
  I. Meechai, R. Yusoh, I. Chelong, A. Suksuwan, "The Influence of the Vacuum drying method on the physicochemical properties of Stingless bee Honey," International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemical Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.5, pp.1-3, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Impact of Land Use and Land Cover changes on Land Degradation in Agar Watershed (Maniyari Basin), Chhattisgarh

  D. Bej, N.K. Baghmar

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRCS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp.4-9, Oct-2022

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  Land degradation is one of a hazardous agricultural problem which enormously effect on food grain production as well as soil quality. It caused significant economic damage and posed harm to the environment. The loss of soil and nutrients costs the nation over $200 million per year. The one and only significant type of land degradation that has long been a hindrance to the nation`s economy and people`s well-being is soil degradation. Only from the country`s highlands do soil erosion and nutrient depletion cause significant economic losses, amounting to 10%–11% of agricultural GNP. The country`s average annual rate of soil erosion is 16.35 tons per hectare or 5334 million tons annually, which varied according to the relief, land use land cover, slope, rainfall etc. Across the nation, changes in land usage and land cover as well as degradation are happening alarmingly quickly. This increased rate of soil erosion in Chhattisgarh was significantly influenced by the change in land use types. Agricultural land exhibited a steadily rising tendency, displacing grasslands and forests. A incredibly high rate of soil erosion and a decrease in the amount of arable land are both results of the country`s population growth. This study article`s goal is to examine how modifications in landuse Landcover have affected land degradation across Maniyari basin.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Land Degradation, Soil Erosion, Landuse Landcover, Geographical Information System

  References
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  Citation
  D. Bej, N.K. Baghmar, "Impact of Land Use and Land Cover changes on Land Degradation in Agar Watershed (Maniyari Basin), Chhattisgarh," International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemical Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.5, pp.4-9, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Synthesis and Characterization of 4-phenyldiazenylnaphthalen-1-ol as a Sensitizer for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCS)

  B.O.K. Essah, R. Kingsford-Adaboh

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRCS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp.10-13, Oct-2022

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  Abstract
  The focus of this research is to synthesize and characterize 4-phenyldiazenylnapthalen-1-ol and analyse its optical properties as a sensitizer in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). The compound was synthesized and purified by recrystallization. The compound was characterized by an electrothermal melting point apparatus, TLC, UV-Vis Spectroscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry. The results of the instrumentational analysis of the synthesized compound was compared to that of the industrial standard, inorganic ruthenizer 535-bisTBA (N719) dye. The optical band gap of 4-phenyldiazenylnapthalen-1-ol was calculated as 1.95 eV as compared to the literature value of 1.91 eV of the standard N719 dye. The IR spectrum of the compound also showed an indication for N=N stretch for azo bond at 1465 cm–1. Comparing IR spectra of 4-phenyldiazenylnaphthalen-1-ol to that of the standard N719 dye, the presence of OH group strong signal around 3326 cm–1 is necessary as a feature for dye sensitizers having good anchorage to the TiO2 surface for better device performance.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Azo dyes, DSSC, sensitizers, recrystallization, characterization, solar energy

  References
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  [4] Jaato,N. B. Isolation And Characterization Of Natural Dyes For Application In Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs).Submitted Mphil Thesis To University Of Ghana Chemistry Department, legon- Ghana, pp. 48-50, 2017
  [5] Filarowski, Resonance, Vol 15 No. 9, 850-855 , 2010
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  [7] H. Zollinger, Color Chemistry. Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Organic Dyes and Pigments, 3rd Ed.,pp 144-146 , 2003
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  Citation
  B.O.K. Essah, R. Kingsford-Adaboh, "Synthesis and Characterization of 4-phenyldiazenylnaphthalen-1-ol as a Sensitizer for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCS)," International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemical Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.5, pp.10-13, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Optimization of Biodiesel from Citrillus Lantanus Seed Oil using Alkali-Catalyzed Methanolysis

  L.B. Umdagas, H. Umar, A.M. Abubakar, Z.A. Turajo

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRCS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp.14-19, Oct-2022

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  Abstract
  Biomass and agriculture derived materials are alternative sources of energy for the production of biodiesel. Renewable energy attracts wide attention due to its profound contribution to the ecosystem and its role as a sustainable energy source in substitution to diesel and the other petroleum based fuels. This study was conducted to synthesize biodiesel from Citrillus lantanus seed oil. The oil was extracted and characterized having a yield of 49%, density 0.92 g/cm3, acid value 2 mgKOH/g and viscosity of 26 cSt. The oil was characterized to get a high fuel quality in conformity with the American Standard for Biodiesel Testing Materials (ASTM-D6751) and the European Norm (EN-14214) standards. The experiment was designed and analyzed consisting of 28 number of runs by Response Surface Methodology—RSM technique. Four parameters that were studied and varied are temperature and time of reaction, catalyst concentration and methanol-oil ratio, and. The highest triglyceride conversion of 85% was achieved at 55 0C temperature, 30 mins reaction time, 0.5 g NaOH catalyst concentration, and 1:4 methanol-oil ratio. The optimal operating conditions while maximizing desirability was found to be 59.1 oC, 75min, 1.0 g/g, 1:3 of temperature, reaction time, catalyst loading, and methanol-oil molar ratio respectively to give a corresponding yield of 77.13% of biodiesel. The biodiesel produced was in conformity with ASTM standards.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Biodiesel, Citrillus lantanus, transesterification, optimization, RSM, ANOVA

  References
  [1] N. Kapilan, T. P. Ashok and R. P. Reddy, "Technical Aspects of Biodiesel and its Oxidation Stability," Internationla Journal of Chemical Research, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 278-282, 2009.
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  Citation
  L.B. Umdagas, H. Umar, A.M. Abubakar, Z.A. Turajo, "Optimization of Biodiesel from Citrillus Lantanus Seed Oil using Alkali-Catalyzed Methanolysis," International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemical Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.5, pp.14-19, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Comparative Analysis of Gender Performances in Practical Activities among Senior Secondary School Science Students in Kano Municipal Local Government Area, Kano State

  S.A.A. Shawai, I.I. Muhammad, M. Muzammil, F.S. Gwarzo

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRCS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp.20-26, Oct-2022

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  Abstract
  This research investigated gender differences in practical activities among senior secondary school chemistry students in Kano Municipal Local Government Area, Kano State. The study used a quasi-experimental, control approach. Ten public secondary schools (5 female and 5 male) in Kano Municipal local government area of Kano state were stratified and randomly used to pick a sample of 217 senior secondary school students. The study was guided by two objectives, questions, and a null hypothesis. The instrument for the study was Chemistry Achievement test (CAT). The collected data were analyzed using a descriptive and t-test at a significance level of 0.05. The results revealed no significant academic performance differences between the students` genders. The results showed a significant difference between students who participated in practical activities and those who did not. Conclusions and recommendations were drawn in light of the results.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Academic, education, gender, practical, performance, science

  References
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  Citation
  S.A.A. Shawai, I.I. Muhammad, M. Muzammil, F.S. Gwarzo, "Comparative Analysis of Gender Performances in Practical Activities among Senior Secondary School Science Students in Kano Municipal Local Government Area, Kano State," International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemical Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.5, pp.20-26, 2022