Bleaching Efficiency of Ortho-Phosphoric Acid Activated Kaolin Clay Sample on Crude Palm Oil Colour Pigment Removal

R.E. Nnam¹ , J.K. Anozie² , N.J. Emerenini³ , N.U. Okoro⁴

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp.12-20, Dec-2020

Online published on Dec 31, 2020

Copyright © R.E. Nnam, J.K. Anozie, N.J. Emerenini, N.U. Okoro . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

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Abstract :
Vegetable oil is one of the basic food items widely consumed by every human being in the universe and therefore its quality should be good enough so that it accounts for healthy life. The purity characteristics desirable in edible oil, such as light colour, bland taste and a good oxidative stability of locally produced palm oil is obtained by refining. To this end, the bleaching efficiency of locally produced palm oil using Ortho-phosphoric acid kaolin clay sourced from Ogbagu Ndemiyi Unwana, in Afikpo North L. G. A. of Ebonyi State, Nigeria, as the absorbent is investigated in this research. The clay was activated at different acid concentrations to improve its adsorptive capacity. To study the ability or performance of the acid-treated clay to remove colour pigment from locally produced oil, four process variables namely, acid concentration, process contact time, adsorbent dosages and temperature were investigated. The variation of the process variables were in the order acid concentrations (1M, 2M, 3M, 5M); adsorbent dosages (1.0- 3.0g); reaction temperature (30-120?); and reaction time (5-60minutes). The results show that the bleaching efficiency of the activated clay increases with increase in acid concentration, temperature, contact time, temperature and adsorbent dosage. For acid concentrations, the bleaching efficiency increased with increase in acid concentration. However, there was only a slight difference between the bleaching efficiency of kaolin clay activated with 3M and that activated with 5M. Therefore, activated kaolin clay of 3M and 5M can be used with little or no difference in the bleaching efficiency. The result also shows that the optimal contact time for the bleaching process is 30 minutes at 120? for a dosage of 3g.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Acid activation; kaolin clay; Crude palm oil; Acid concentrations; Adsorption; Ndemiyi; Unwana

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