Evaluation of Some Potential Toxic Elements (Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in Smoked Fish Samples Sold at Azare and Darazo Markets in Bauchi State

A.M. Bappayo¹ , B.S. Sagagi² , B.I. Sani³

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp.13-18, Aug-2021

Online published on Aug 31, 2021

Copyright © A.M. Bappayo, B.S. Sagagi, B.I. Sani . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

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Abstract :
The increased and sustained usage of fish is due to the fact that it contains not only all of the essential amino acids that humans require, but also polyunsaturated fatty acids not present in other protein sources. In other studies, the concentrations of potentially hazardous components in various fish species were shown to be greater as a result of environmental pollution. This study looked at potential toxic elements in smoked Butter catfish, Alesties fish, Clarias fish, Synodantis fish, and Clupid fish from Azare and Darazo markets in Bauchi state. Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MPAES) was used to detect the quantities of possibly hazardous elements in samples obtained after digestion using a standard method in triplicate. The findings revealed that Zinc and Arsenic had the highest heavy metal load in butter catfish, with mean values of 122.616 mg/kg and 35.163 mg/kg, respectively, whereas zinc (116.213 mg/kg) and lead (29.706 mg/kg) had the highest in clarias. Zinc and arsenic were the two heavy metals with the highest mean values in clupid fish, with 75.650 mg/kg and 19.446 mg/kg, respectively. Synodantis has the highest levels of zinc (75.410 mg/kg) and arsenic (20.253 mg/kg). Cadmium was the least abundant of the heavy metals found in all five species, with mean concentrations of 0.270, 0.156, 0.213, 0.187, and 0.160 mg/kg for butter catfish, clarias, clupid, synodantis, and tilapia fish, respectively. In this study Cu and Cd levels recorded were within the maximum acceptable limit. Concentration of Zinc was found to be within the recommended guidelines of WHO/FAO, except for sample from Azare (clarias) and Darazo (butter catfish and clupid fish). The mean concentrations of Ni, Pb and Cr in the sampled were higher than the maximum acceptable limit prescribed by WHO/FAO/FEFA. The concentrations of Ni, Cr, Pb was found to be higher in all smoked fish except for butter catfish and clupid fish from Darazo which was not detected.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Azare, fish, clarias gariepinus, toxic elements, tilapia

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