Assessment of Essential Major Minerals in European Sweet Chestnuts Grown in Turkey

S. Turhan¹ , N. Turfan² , A. Kurnaz³ , G. Akgül⁴

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp.7-11, Aug-2022

Online published on Aug 31, 2022

Copyright © S. Turhan, N. Turfan, A. Kurnaz, G. Akgül . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

View this paper at   Google Scholar | DPI Digital Library

XML View     PDF Download

How to Cite this Paper

Abstract :
Chestnut fruit has been essential in public nutritional habits since old times. World chestnut production has increased gradually over the last decade due to consumers` distinct belief in its nutritional quality and potential health benefits. Turkey is one of the most important chestnut manufacturers and importers in Europe. In this study, the concentrations of the major essential minerals in forty-one samples belonging to local varieties of European sweet chestnut grown in Turkey were determined using an ICP-OES spectrometry. The mean concentrations of Na, S, Mg, P, Ca, and K in sweet chestnut samples are 44, 377, 418, 620, 1029, and 7237 mg/kg dry weight (dw), respectively. The Mg, K, and Ca concentrations are bigger than those found in the literature. Turkish chestnuts contribute significantly to the intake of K and Ca.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Sweet chestnut; Potassium; Calcium; Phosphor; Sulphur; ICP-OES; Turkey

References :
[1] R. Massantini, R. Moscetti, M.T. Frangipane, “Evaluating progress of chestnut quality: A review of recent developments”, Trends Food Sci Technol, Vol.113, pp. 245–254, 2021.
[2] S. Toprak, “The effect of potassium applications on fruit yield and some quality characteristics of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa mill.)”, Int J Agric For Life Sci, Vol.3, Issue.2, pp. 295–300, 2019.
[3] U. Serdar, B. Akyüz, V. Ceyhan, K. Hazneci, C. Mert, E. Er, E. Ertan, K. Coskuncu, V. Uylaser, “Horticultural Characteristics of Chestnut Growing in Turkey”, Erwerbs-Obstbau, Vol. 60 pp. 230–245, 2018.
[4] TUIK (Turkish Statistical Institute). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Bitkisel-Uretim-Istatistikleri-2021-37249. Access date 10.03.2022.
[5] I. Poljak, N. Vah?i?, A. Vidakovi?, K. Tumpa, I. Žarkovi?, M. Idžojti?, “Traditional Sweet chestnut and hybrid varieties: chemical composition, morphometric and qualitative nut characteristics”, Agronomy, Vol.11, pp. 1–20, 2021.
[6] N. Yüksel, E.Ü. Balçik, D.D. ?irinyildiz, Z. Binat, O. Boyacio?lu, “The Importance of the chestnut fruit which is one of the values of Aydin”, Turkish J Nature Sci, Vol. 9, Issue.1, pp. 162-166, 2020.
[7] M.C.B.M. De Vasconcelos, R.N. Bennett, E.A.S. Rosa, J.V. Ferreira-Cardoso, “Composition of European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and association with health effects: fresh and processed products”, J Sci Food Agric, Vol. 90, pp. 1578-1589, 2010.
[8] G. Vázquez, M. Calvo, M.S. Freire, J. González-Alvarez, G. Antorrena, “Chestnut shell as heavy metal adsorbent: Optimization study of lead, copper and zinc cations removal”, J Hazard Mate, Vol. 172, Issue. 2-3, pp. 1402–1414, 2009.
[9] V. Corregidor, A.L. Antonio, L.C. Alves, S.C. Verde, “Castanea sativa shells and fruits: Compositional analysis by proton induced X-ray emission”, Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B, Vol. 477, pp. 98-103, 2020.
[10] K.O. Soetan, C.O. Olaiya, O.E. Oyewole, “The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals and plants: A review”, Afr J Food Sci, Vol. 4, Issue. 5, pp. 200-222, 2010.
[11] M. Akbulut, M.R. Bozhuyuk, S. Ercisli, A. Skender, K. Sorkheh, “Chemical composition of seed propagated chestnut genotypes from Northeastern Turkey”, Not Bot Horti Agrobo, Vol. 45, Issue. 2, pp. 425-430, 2017.
[12] R. Blomhoff, M.H. Carlsen, L.F. Andersen, D.R. Jacobs, “Health benefits of nuts: potential role of antioxidants”, Brit J Nutr, Vol. 96, pp. 52-60, 2006.
[13] O. Borges, B. Gonçalves, J.S. Carvalho, P. Correia, A.P. Silva, “Nutritional quality of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) cultivars from Portugal”, Food Chem, Vol. 106, pp. 976–984, 2008.
[14] J.C.M. Barreira, S. Casal, I.C.F.R. Ferreira, M.B.P.P. Oliveira, J.A. Pereira, “Nutritional, fatty acid and triacylglycerol profiles of Castanea sativa Mill. cultivars: A compositional and chemometric approach”, J Agric Food Chem, Vol. 57, pp. 2836–2842, 2009.
[15] V. Cristofori, M. Muganu, P. Graziosi, G. Beratazza, C. Bignami, “Comparison of nut traits and quality evaluation of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) germplasm in Latium Region (Central Italy)”, Acta Hortic, Vol. 815, pp. 133–140, 2009.
[16] L. Neri, G. Dimitri, G. Sacchetti, “Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of cured chestnuts from three sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) ecotypes from Italy”, J Food Compost Anal, Vol. 23, pp. 23–29, 2010.
[17] I. Mujic, V. Agayn, J. Zivkovic, D. Velic, V. Alibabic, A. Rekic, “Chestnuts a comfort ‘Health Food’”, Acta Hortic, Vol. 866, pp. 659–665, 2010.
[18] M. Nazzaro, C. Barbarisi, F. La Cara, M.G. Golpe, “Chemical and biochemical characterisation of an IGP ecotype chestnut subjected to different treatments”, Food Chem, Vol. 128, pp. 930–936, 2011.
[19] L. Jie, L. Xiaoyu, W. Wei, X. Wu, Z. Jun, Z. Zhu, “Measurement of protein content in chestnuts using near infrared spectroscopy”, J Chem Pharm Res, Vol. 6, Issue. 6, pp. 938–941, 2014.
[20] F. Yang, Q. Liu, S.Y. Pan, C. Xu, Y.L.L. Xiong, “Chemical composition and quality traits of Chinese chestnuts (Castanea mollissima) produced in different ecological regions”, Food Biosci, Vol. 11, pp. 33-42, 2015.
[21] K. Muzaffar, I.A. Maqbool, F.A. Wani, F.A. Masoodi, M.M. Bhat, “Physico-chemical characterization of sweet chestnut (castanea sativa l.) Starch grown in temperate climate of Kashmir, India”, Acta Aliment, Vol. 45, Issue. 2, pp. 258-267, 2016.
[22] F. Yang, X. Huang, C. Zhang, M. Zhang, C. Huang, H. Yang, “Amino acid composition and nutritional value evaluation of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) and its protein subunit”, RSC Adv, Vol. 8, pp. 2653–2659, 2018.
[23] A. Choupina, “Nutritional and health potential of European chestnut”, Rev Bras Ciênc Agrár, Vol. 42, Issue. 3, pp. 801–807, 2019.
[24] E.L. Piccolo, M. Landi, C. Ceccanti, A.N. Mininni, L. Marchetti, R. Massai, L. Guidi, D. Remorini, “Nutritional and nutraceutical properties of raw and traditionally obtained flour from chestnut fruit grown in Tuscany”, Eur Food Res Technol, Vol. 246, pp. 1867–1876, 2020.
[25] T. Koyuncu, U. Serdar, I. Tosun, “Drying characteristics and energy requirement for dehydration of chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.)”, J Food Engin, Vol. 62, pp. 165–168, 2004.
[26] Ü. Ertürk, C. Mert, A. Soylu, “Chemical composition of fruits of some important chestnut cultivars”, Braz Arch Biol Technol, Vol. 49, Issue. 2, pp. 183–188, 2006.
[27] E. Ertan, “Variability in leaf and fruit morphology and in fruit composition of chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.) in the Nazilli Region of Turkey”, Genet Resour Crop Evol, Vol. 54, Issue. 5, pp. 691–699, 2007.
[28] S. Ak?ll?, Y.Z. Katircio?lu, S. Maden, “Chestnut cankers in Black Sea region of Turkey”, Acta Hortic, Vol. 815, pp. 247-252, 2009.
[29] U. Serdar, H. Demirsoy, L. Demirsoy, “Determination of superior chestnut genotypes in the central black sea region of Turkey”, Acta Hortic, Vol. 815, pp. 37-42, 2009.
[30] U.M. Y?ld?z, M.M. Özcan, S. Çal???r, F. Demir, F. Er, “Physico-chemical properties of wild chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) fruit grown in Turkey”, World Appl Sci J, Vol. 6, Issue. 3, pp. 365–372, 2009.
[31] S. Otles, I. Selek, “Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) fruits”, Qual Assur Saf Crops Foods, Vol. 4, pp. 199–205, 2012.
[32] Y.B. Yurtlu, U. Serdar, E. Yesiloglu, “Physical properties of some chestnut cultivars produced in Black Sea Region of Turkey”, Acta Hortic, Vol. 1019, pp. 249-255, 2014.
[33] F. Er, P.T. Özcan, M.M. Özcan, E. Duman, Z. Endes, “Some chemical properties of chestnut (Castanea Sativa Mill.) fruit collected from different locations in Turkey”, IAAOJ Scientific Sci, Vol. 1, Issue. 1, pp. 9-12, 2015.
[34] Y. Ormeci, Y. Akca, S. Ercisli, “Selection of promising chestnuts (Castanea sativa) among wild growing trees from Southern Mediterranean region of Turkey”, J For Res, Vol. 27, Issue. 2, pp. 349–355, 2016.
[35] C. Mert, Ü. Ertürk, “Chemical compositions and sugar profiles of consumed chestnut cultivars in Marmara region, Turkey”, Not Bot Horti Agrobot Cluj Napoca, Vol. 45, pp. 203–207, 2017.
[36] S. Turhan, “Determination of major minerals in natural bottled fruit-flavored mineral water samples consumed in Turkey”, Int. J. Sci. Res. in Chemical Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue. 3, pp. 1-5, 2021.
[37] M. A.Ali, A.M. Elgerbi, E.J. Emhemmad, W.K. Amhimmid, “Assessment of Some Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Properties of Bottled Drinking Water in the Wadi Al-Shati Area Southern of Libya”, Int. J. Sci. Res. in Chemical Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue. 6, pp. 6-11, 2020.
[38] M.A. McCarthy, F.I. Meredith, “Nutrient data on chestnuts consumed in the United States”, Econ Bot, Vol. 42, Issue. 1, pp. 29–36, 1988.
[39] H.R. Jeong, Y.N. Jo, J.H. Jeong, D.E. Jin, B.G. Song, Y.R. Jin, M.J. Kim, U. Lee, H.J. Heo, “Change in the chemical composition of chestnuts (castanea crenata) from different periods”, Korean J Food Sci Tech, Vol. 44, Issue. 4, pp. 396–400, 2012.
[40] J. Díaz-Gómez, M. Hernández-Suárez, C. Díaz-Romero, E.M. Rodríguez-Rodríguez, “Composición química de cultivares locales de castañas de Tenerife:II. Composición mineral chemical composition of local chestnut cultivars in tenerife island: II. mineral composition”, CYTA - Journal of Food, Vol. 5, Issue. 3, pp. 206–213, 2006.
[41] S. Pereira-Lorenzo, A.M. Ramos-Cabrer, M.B. Díaz-Hernández, M. Ciordia-Ara, D. Ríos-Mesa, “Chemical composition of chestnut cultivars from Spain”, Sci Hortic, Vol. 107, pp. 306–314, 2006.