Life Cycle Analysis of Yellow Oleander Biodiesel Production in Kenya

J.O. Masime¹ , B.N. Mbatia² , E.O. Ogur³ , A.O. Aluoch⁴ , J.O. Lalah⁵ , G. Otieno⁶

1. School of Chemistry and Material Science, Kenya.
2. School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Nairobi, Kenya & United States International University, Africa.
3. Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.
4. Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.
5. Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.
6. School of Chemistry and Material Science, Kenya.

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp.1-15, Dec-2022

Online published on Dec 31, 2022

Copyright © J.O. Masime, B.N. Mbatia, E.O. Ogur, A.O. Aluoch, J.O. Lalah, G. Otieno . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

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Abstract :
This research focused on Kenya`s life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) of yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana) for biodiesel. It also evaluated the feasibility of biodiesel production from yellow oleander at a 100,000 t/year plant in Kenya using synthesized eggshell-derived waste nanocatalysts. The production costs considered included Estimated Fixed Capital Investment (FCI), Total Capital Investment (TCI), and Total Manufacturing Cost (TPC). The annual production cost was 9,487,834,956.00 (80,809,428.13- dollars/year). The estimated production cost of biodiesel from yellow oleander is 241.65 KES (1.96 dollars/L). In contrast, the estimated cost of the B20 biodiesel blend was KES 163.34 or (US 1.32 - dollars/L), which was 0.53 % cheaper than petrodiesel at 164.21 KES/L or (US 1.33 -dollars/L). Based on the annual production cost, the total raw material cost and labor cost were 74.38% and 0.008%, respectively. In addition, revenue from glycerin sales reduced biodiesel production costs by 13.67%. Labor costs accounted for 0.008% of production costs, making the production of biodiesel from yellow oleander less labor-intensive. The return on investment (ROI) of 810.32% exceeded the acceptable minimum return (MARR), indicating that biodiesel production from yellow oleander is feasible. This study also calculated the energy balance based on the different soil types used when planting yellow oleander plants. In normal soil, the total energy input was 120,729,624.96 MJ. In normal soil, the energy output was 840,000,000.00 MJ and the energy output/input ratio was 7.16. Accordingly, the estimated net energy number was positive, showing high values for the soil used.

Key-Words / Index Term :
life cycle analysis, energy life cycle analysis, yellow oleander biodiesel

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