Production and Characterization of Bioplastic from Starch Extract of Cocoyam (COLOCASIA ESCULENTA) Reinforced With Cellulose Extracted From Luffa Sponge

Aminu Musa¹ , Ibrahim Usman Gafai²

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp.1-10, Jun-2024

Online published on Jun 30, 2024

Copyright © Aminu Musa, Ibrahim Usman Gafai . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

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Abstract :
Environmental issues brought on by plastics derived from petroleum have gotten worse recently. Due to the harmful environmental impact of conventional plastics, the advancement of biodegradable polymers derived from starch-producing plants for industrial and commercial applications is critical today. The aim of this research work is to produce a reinforced bioplastic using a mixture of two biopolymers, that’s cocoyam starch and luffa sponge cellulose as reinforcing filler. Starch was isolated using wet milling and the cellulose was extracted from Luffa sponge. Two different bioplastics were produced using glycerol as a plasticizer, one with 20% cellulose and the other one without cellulose acted as a control. The physical features of the produced bioplastics were studied, including water absorption and biodegradability. The non-reinforced bioplastic had higher water absorption of 30.03% than the reinforced bioplastic having 14.62%. Tests on biodegradability had shown that non-reinforced bioplastic biodegraded at higher percentage (85.54% in soil rich in nitrogenous bacteria and 69.19% in moist soil) than the reinforced bioplastic (50.96% in soil rich in nitrogenous bacteria and 40.86% in moist soil) within 15 days. The test for mechanical properties had shown that the reinforced bioplastic outperformed the non-reinforced bioplastic in terms of tensile strength with 10.251MPa, strong hydrogen bonding between cellulose and starch may be mostly to blame for this. The inclusion of cellulose reduced the flexibility of the bioplastic, which resulted in a drop of elongation at break from 13% for non-reinforced to 7.8% for reinforced bioplastic. FTIR spectra obtained for both bioplastics were compared with most of the peaks being present. In this approach, petroleum-based plastic pollution can be reduced around the world by producing eco-friendly bioplastic, which might be extensively utilized as an alternative for conventional plastics with greater environmental benefits.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Starch, Cellulose, Bioplastic, Biodegradability, Tensile strength, Water Absorption, Young modulus, Elongation at Break.

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