Volume-5 , Issue-3 , Jun 2017, ISSN 2320-7639 (Online) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Performance and Analysis of Flow between Annular Space Surrounded by a Rotating Coaxial cylinder with Co-axial Cylindrical Porous Medium

  Anil Kumar, G.C. Sharma

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp.1-6, Jun-2017

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  In this paper we consider the flow of second order fluid in the annular space between an impervious solid circular cylinder rotating with constant angular velocity and surrounded by the co-axial cylinder in the presence of porous medium. The flow in the annular free flow region is taken to be governed by the Navier- Stokes equations and in the porous region by the Brinkman equations. The case namely when the porous medium is finite region, has been considered when outer cylinder rotates with velocity (w). The solutions are obtained by using boundary and matching conditions at the surface of the interface. In case of finite region of porous medium, the rotation of cylinder decreases of the permeability.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Brinkman equations; Porous medium; Inner cylinder; Navier- Stokes equations; Matching Condition

  References
  [1] Acrivos A, Taylor TD., “Heat and mass transfer from single spheres in Stokes flow”, The Physics of Fluids, Vol.5, Issue.4, pp.387-94, 1962.
  [2] Al‐Nimr MA, Aldoss T, Naji MI., “Transient forced convection in the entrance region of a porous tube”, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.72, Issue.2, pp.249-55, 1994.
  [3] El-Shaarawi MA, Alkam MK., “Transient forced convection in the entrance region of concentric annuli”, International journal of heat and mass transfer, Vol.35, Issue.12, pp.3335-3344, 1992.
  [4] Anil Kumar, CL Varshney, Sajjan Lal, “nalytical study of effect of disorder on dispersion in steady inertial flows in porous effect”, International Journal of Scientific Research and Essays, Vol.4, Issue.11, pp.1392-1402, 2009.
  [5] B. Barman, “low of a Newtonian fluid past an impervious sphere embedded in a porous medium”, Indian J. pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol.27, Issue.12, pp.1249-1256, 1996.
  [6] Anil Kumar, CL Varshney, Sajjan Lal, “MHD free convective fluctuating flow through a porous effect with variable permeability Parameter”, International Journal of Engineering, Iran, Vol.23, Issue.3, pp. 313-322 2010.
  [7] Anil Kumar, R. K. Saket, C L Varshney, Sajjan Lal, “Finite difference technique for reliable MHD steady flow through channels permeable boundaries”, International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology (IJBET), Vol.4, Issue.2, pp.101-110, 2010.
  [8] Anil Kumar , SP Agrawal, Pawan Preet Kaur, “Finite Element Galerkin’s Approach for Viscous Incompressible Fluid Flow through a Porous Medium in Coaxial Cylinders”, Journal of Mathematical Sciences and Applications, Vol.1, No.3, pp.39-42, 2013.
  [9] El-Hakien M.A., “Viscous dissipation effects on MHD free convective flow over a non isothermal surface in a micro polar Fluid”, Int. Comm. Heat mass transfer, Vol. 27, No.4, pp.581-590, 2000.
  [10] Feng Z.G., Michaelides E.E., “A numericall study on the transient heat transfer from a sphere at high Reynolds and Peclet numbers”, International J. of Heat mass transfer, Vol.43, Issue.2, pp.219-229, 2000.
  [11] PP. Kaur, SP Agrawal, Anil Kumar, “Analysis of heat transfer in hydrodynamic rotating flow of viscous fluid through a non homogenious porous medium with constant heat source / sink”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Industrial Applications India (IJERIA), Vol.7, No. 1, pp 9-24, 2014.
  [12] YJ. Kim, “Unsteady MHD convective heat transfer past a semi-infinite vertical porous moving plate with variable suction”, International J. of Heat mass transfer, Vol.38, Issue.8, pp.833-845, 2000.
  [13] Anil Kumar, “Mathematical Study of Thermosolutal Convection in Heterogeneous Vscoelastic Fluid in the Presence of Porous Medium”, American Journal of Mathematical Analysis. Vol.5, No. 1, pp,12-16, 2017.
  [14] Anil Kumar, SP Agrawal, “Mathematical study on the MHD Squeeze Flow between Two Parallel Disks with Suction or Injection via HAM and HPM and Its Applications”, International Journal of Engineering Trends & Technology (IJETT), Vol. 45, Issue.1, pp.27-32, 2017.
  [15] Patidar R.P., Purohit G.N., “Free convection flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in porous medium between two long vertical wavy walls”, Indian J. of Mathematics, Vol. 40, No.1, pp.67-86, 1998.
  [16] AA. Raptis, “A Mathematical Model in the case of time varying two - dimensional natural convective heat transfer of an incompressible electrically conducting viscous fluid via a highly porous medium bounded by an infinite vertical porous plate”, International J. of Energy Res., Vol.10, Issue.2, pp.88-97, 1986.
  [17] G.C Sharma, S. Kumar, M. Jain, RN. Saral, “The effects of non-zero bulk flow and non mixing on diffusion with variable transfer of the solute”, international J. of Applied Science and Computer, Vol.4, Issue.3, pp201-210, 1996.
  [18] TVS. Sekhar, “MHD flow past a sphere at low and moderate Reynolds numbers”, Comput. Mech., Vol.31, Issue.5, pp.437-444, 2003.
  [19] AV. Sheny, “Non-Newtonian fluid heat transfer in porous media”, Adv. Heat transfer, Vol.24, Issue.4, pp.101-190, 1994.
  [20] Takhar H.S., Beg O.A., “Darcian equation in the presence of porous medium examining the effects of magnetic field on hydrodynamic flow with out heat transfer in various configurations”, International J. of Energy, Res., Vol.21, NO.2, pp.71-87, 1997.
  [21] Purohit, Patidar, “Flow in compliant Annulus tudied the flow of viscous incompressible fluid through an annulus”, Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol.23, Issue.7, pp,531-544, 1992.
  [22] Anil Kumar, CL Varshney, Sajjan Lal, “perturbation technique to unsteady MHD periodic flow of viscous fluid through a planer channel”, Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, Vol.2, Issue.4, pp.73-81, 2010.
  

  Citation
  Anil Kumar, G.C. Sharma, "Performance and Analysis of Flow between Annular Space Surrounded by a Rotating Coaxial cylinder with Co-axial Cylindrical Porous Medium," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.5, Issue.3, pp.1-6, 2017

• Open Access   Article

  Crowdsourcing Software Development: Concept, Benefits and Adoption

  Asiegbu Baldwin C., Oluigbo Ikenna V., Ajakwe Simeon O., Onyike Gerald O.

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp.7-16, Jun-2017

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Traditional outsourcing – the contracting out of services and technology to a vendor firm, is pretty much a house-hold name. Overtime, traditional software development outsourcing has been laced with certain problems; ranging from overreliance on a single vendor outsourcing firm and over budgeting, to financial loss incurred due to delay in software project delivery. It is therefore imperative to consider alternative outsourcing means. Crowdsourcing is a form of outsourcing that is emerging and evolving. Crowdsourcing, an emerging online business model, harnesses the creative solutions of a geographically displaced network of individuals through what amounts to an open call for proposals. Crowdsourcing software development entails contracting the development of software to an online community of skilled developers; the aim being to produce reliable, effective, high quality and inexpensive products by harnessing the power of crowd; who are in turn rewarded financially or through social incentives. This paper is aimed at exploring the concept of software development crowdsourcing, outlining its benefits over the traditional means of outsourcing software development, the models and methodologies of Crowdsourcing, as well as laying viable claim as to why it is a better and a reliable option; and thus should be adopted.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Crowdsourcing, Crowdsourcing Software Development, Open Call Tasks, Software Development, Software Outsourcing

  References
  [1] B.C. Asiegbu, I.V. Oluigbo, S.M. Nzotta, “Determining Success Factors of Software Development Outsourcing for Nigeria: A Data Reduction Technique”, International Journal of Trend in Research and Development (IJTRD), ISSN: 2394-9333, Vol.3, Issue.4, pp.481-490, 2016
  [2] I.V. Oluigbo, B.C. Asiegbu, S.M. Nzotta, G.N. Ezeh, “A Two Step Clustering of Critical Success Factors for Software Development Outsourcing Peculiar to Selected Nigerian Sectors”, International Journal of Science Technology Management and Research, Vol.1, Issue.6, pp. 1-10, 2016
  [3] H. Smuts, “Critical success factors for Information Systems outsourcing management: A software development lifecycle view”, Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Research Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists, US, pp. 304-313, 2010
  [4] J. Howe “Crowdsourcing: Why the power of the crowd is driving the future of business”, Crown Business, New York, pp. 77-99, 2008
  [5] D. Gefen, E. Carmel, “Is the world really flat? A look at offshoring at an online programming marketplace” MIS Quarterly, Vol. 32, No.2, pp. 367-384, 2008
  [6] L. Hoffmann, “Crowd Control”, Communications of the ACM, Vol.52, No.3, pp.16-17, 2009
  [7] A. Doan, R. Ramakrishnan, A.Y. Halevy, “Crowdsourcing systems on the World-Wide Web”, Communication of the ACM, Vol. 54, No.4, pp. 86, 2011
  [8] W.T. Tsai, W. Wu, M.N. Huhns, “Cloud-Based Software Crowdsourcing”, Journal of Internet Computing, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 78-83, 2014
  [9] K. Stol, B. Fitzgerald, “Two’s Company, Three’s a Crowd: A Case Study of Crowdsourcing Software Development”, Proceedings of ICSE 2014, USA, pp. 187-198, 2014
  [10] Rob Aalders, "The IT Outsourcing Guide", John Wiley & Sons, Inc. USA, pp.10332, 2001.
  [11] B. Vangie “IT Outsourcing: The Platform Vision of API Giants”, webopedia, UC, pp.1-19, 2012.
  [12] B. Nicholson “Global software outsourcing: The solution to the IT skills gap”, Anglo-German Foundation for the Study of Industrial Society (Anglo-German Foundation), UK, pp.45-57, 2001.
  [13] U.K. Siffat, U.A. Asad, “Knowledge Sharing Management Model (KSMM) for Software Development Outsourcing Vendors”, International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, Vol.45, Issue.7, pp.135-147,2012
  [14] I. Oleg, “Outsourcing of Software Development”: Humbold Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, pp.1-25, 2005
  [15] A. Begel, J. Bosch, M.A. Storey, “Social Networking Meets Software Development: Perspectives from GitHub, MSDN, Stack Exchange, and TopCoder”, IEEE Software, vol. 30, No.1, pp.52-56, 2013.
  [16] D. Tamburri, P. Lago, H.V. Vliet, “Organizational social structures for software engineering”, ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 46, No 1, pp.1-3, 2013.
  [17] S. Greengard, “Following the Crowd”, Communication of the ACM, vol. 54, No.2, pp.20-22, 2011.
  [18] J. Howe, “The rise of crowdsourcing”, Wired magazine, Vol.14, No 6, pp.53-61, 2006.
  [19] M. Parameswaran, A.B. Whinston. “Social Computing: An Overview”, Communications of the Association for Information Systems, Vol.19, Issue.1, pp. 762-780, 2007.
  [20] K. Mao, Y. Yang, Q. Wang, Y. Jia, M., “Harman Developer Recommendation for Crowdsourced Software Development Tasks”, 2015 IEEE Symposium on Service-Oriented System Engineering, CA, pp. 347-35, 2015.
  [21] S.L. Mewada, U.K. Singh, P. Sharma, "Security Enhancement in Cloud Computing (CC)", International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.1, Issue.1, pp.31-37, 2013.
  [22] R. Kishore, H. Rao, K. Nam, “A relationship perspective on IT outsourcing”, Communications of the ACM, Vol.46, No.12, pp.87-92, 2003.
  [23] G.D. Saxton, O. Oh, R. Kishore, “Rules of Crowdsourcing: Models, Issues and System of Controls”, Journal of Information Systems Management, Vol.30, Issue.1, pp.1-2, 2010.
  [24] K.Vetrikodi and V.Geetha, "Efficient Analysis of Differential Query Services in Mobile Crowd and Its Location Privacy", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.3, Issue.8, pp.168-175, 2015.
  [25] R. Klopper, S. Gruner, D. Kourie, “Assessment of a framework to compare software development methodologies”, Proceedings of the 2007 Annual Research Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists on IT Research in Developing Countries, South Africa, pp. 56-65, 2007
  [26] W. Wu, W.T. Tsai, W. Li, “An Evaluation Framework for Software Crowdsourcing”, Frontiers of Computer Science, Vol.7, No.5, pp.694-709, 2013.
  [27] L.C. Corchón, “The Theory of Contests: A Survey”, Review of Economic Design, vol.11, No.2, pp. 69-100, 2007.
  [28] F.D. Davis, “Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology”, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 319-340, 1989
  [29] S.C. Chen, S.H. Li, C.Y. Li, “Recent Related Research in Technology Acceptance Model: A Literature Review”, Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, Vol. 1, No. 9, p. 124-127, 2011
  [30] R. Grant, C. Baden-Fuller, “A knowledge accessing theory of strategic alliances”, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 61-84, 2004
  [31] N. Levina, J. Ross, “From the vendor’s perspective: Exploring the value proposition in information technology outsourcing”, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 27, No 3, pp. 331-364, 2003
  [32] J.S. Klaas, F. Brian, “Researching Crowdsourcing Software Development: Perspectives and Concerns”, ICSE-2014, India, pp.58-64, 2014.
  [33] F. Kleemann, G.G. Vob, K. Rieder, “Underpaid innovators: the commercial utilization of consumer work through crowdsourcing”, Science Technology and Innovation Studies, Vol.4, No.1, pp.1-5, 2008
  [34] R. Heeks, B. Nicholson, “Software Export Success Factors and Strategies in Developing and Transitional Economies”, Competition and Change, UK, pp. 267-302, 2004
  [35] E. Carmel, “The New Software exporting nations: Success Factors”, Electronic Journal of Information System Development, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 1-12, 2003
  [36] D. Farrell, “Smarter Offshoring”, Harvard Business Review, US, pp. 84-92, 2006
  [37] I.V. Oluigbo, B.C. Asiegbu, G.N. Ezeh, O.C. Nwokonkwo, “Group Membership Prediction of an Outsourced Software Project: A Discriminant Function Analysis Approach”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol. 3, Issue 4, pp. 12-18, 2017
  

  Citation
  Asiegbu Baldwin C., Oluigbo Ikenna V., Ajakwe Simeon O., Onyike Gerald O., "Crowdsourcing Software Development: Concept, Benefits and Adoption," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.5, Issue.3, pp.7-16, 2017

• Open Access   Article

  Land Use/Land Cover Change Dynamics and River Water Quality Assessment Using Geospatial Technique: a case study of Harmu River, Ranchi (India)

  Suraj Kumar Singh, Vikash Kumar, Shruti Kanga

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp.17-24, Jun-2017

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The aim of the present study is to analyse the Land use/land cover change dynamic and water quality assessment using geospatial technique for Harmu river variability with reference to various land use/ land cover map (1992-2009) using the multi-temporal satellite datasets in GIS environment, identification and onsite sampling of pollution level along the river channel in order to comprehend the pollution level of Harmu river over the years using the different water quality parameter which includes pH, Temperature, Electrical conductivity, Total dissolve solid (TDS), Total suspended solid (TSS), Ca++, Mg++, Total Hardness, Total solid (TS), Alkalinity Chloride and Dissolve oxygen. The comparison of Landuse/land cover classes from 1992-2009 indicates major increase in agricultural land (+115.14% in 2002 and +109.61% in 2009) and built up (+105.49%, in 2002 and 105.73% in 2009) classes with respect to area coverage in Harmu watershed whereas, the area of scrub land (-5.88 in 2002 and -42.95), open forest (-16.39% in 2002 and -80.4% in 2009) and wasteland (-22.56% in 2002 and -27.24% in 2009) classes has decreased. The substantial decrease in wasteland during the period could be attributed to the implementation of government wasteland reclamation measures. The pollution level of Harmu river is high at all sites due to the regular discharge of domestic sewage, disposal of automobile/ workshop waste, increasing settlement nearby the river and garbage which led to water not suitable for drinking as well as for domestic purpose. It was observed that the river/drainage channels were primarily encroached by built up land and few of the drainage channels were extinct due to urban activities.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Harmu river; Remote Sensing; GIS; River pollution; Land use/land cover

  References
  [1]. S.C. Sati, P.C. Paliwal, “Physico-chemical and bacteriological analysis of Kosi River water in central Himalaya”, Pollut Res, Vol. 27, Issue.1, pp. 179-183, 2008.
  [2]. J. Desai, S.K. Tank, “Deterioration of water quality due to immersion of Ganesh idols in the river Tapti at Surat (India)”, J Environ Res Dev, Vol. 4, Issue.4, pp. 999-1007, 2010.
  [3]. N. Shrivastava, D.D. Mishra, P.K. Mishra, A. Bajpai, “Water quality deterioration of Machna River due to sewage disposal, Betul, Madhya Pradesh, India”, J Environ Earth Sci, Vol. 3, Issue.6, pp. 1-5, 2013.
  [4]. U. Tewari, A.N. Bahadur, P. Soni, S. Pandey, “Physico-chemical characterization of city sewage discharged into river Arpa at Bilaspur, India”, Indian J L Sci, Vol. 4, Issue.1, pp. 31-36, 2014.
  [5]. K.K. Saxena, R.S.S. Chauhan, “Physico-chemical aspects of pollution in river Yamuna at Agra”, Pollen Res, Vol. 12, Issue.2, pp. 101-104, 1993.
  [6]. B.D. Tripathi, M. Sikandar, S.C. Shukla, “Physico-Chemical Characterization of city sewage discharged into river Ganga at Varanasi, India”, Environment Int, Vol. 17, Issue.5, pp. 469 -478, 1991.
  [7]. T.N. Singh, S.N. Singh, “Impact of river Varuna on Ganga river water quality at Varanasi”, Indian J Environ Hlth, Vol. 37, Issue.4, pp. 272-277, 1995.
  [8]. M.S. Olaniya, K.L. Saxena, H.C. Sharma, “Pollution studies on Chambal river and its tributaries at Kota”. Indian J Environ Hlth, Vol. 18, Issue.3, pp. 219-226, 1976.
  [9]. J.P. Palharya, S. Malviya, “Pollution of the river Narmada at Hoshangabad in Madhya Pradesh and suggested measures for control”, In: Trivedy RK (ed) Ecology and Pollution of Indian rivers- , Asian Publishing House, India, pp. 54-85, 1988.
  [10]. O. Kumar, “Studies on water quality of Song river in eastern Doon Valley forest”, Indian J Envir Prot, Vol. 15, Issue. 2, pp.111-114, 1995.
  [11]. WHO, “Health and Environment in Sustainable Development”. Document WHO/EHG/97.8., Geneva, pp.1-129, 1997.
  [12]. K.R. Smith, C. Corvalan, T. Kjellstrom, “How Much Global Ill Health Is Attributable to Environmental Factors?”, Epidemiology-Baltimore, Vol.10, Issue.5, pp. 573-84, 1999.
  [13]. C.A. Yan, W. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Y. Liu, C. Deng, N. Nie, “Assessment of Water Quality and Identification of Polluted Risky Regions Based on Field Observations & GIS in the Honghe River Watershed, China”, PLoS ONE, Vol. 10, Issue. 3, pp.1-13, 2015.
  [14]. USA, “United Nations World Water Assessment Programme, “The United Nations World Water Development Report 3: Water in a Changing World”, UNESCO, Paris, pp.1-19, 2009.
  [15]. X. Wang, D. Zheng, Y. Shen, “Land use change and its driving forces on the Tibetan Plateau during 1990-2000”, Catena, Vol. 72, Issue.1, pp. 56-66, 2008.
  [16]. G. Xian, M. Crane, J. Su, “Analysis of urban development and its environmental impact on the Tampa Bay watershed”, J Environ Manag, Vol. 85, Issue.4, pp. 965-976, 2007
  [17]. L. Sliva, D.D. Williams, “Buffer zone versus whole catchment approaches to studying land use impact on river water quality”, Water Res, Vol. 35, Issue.14, pp. 3462-3472, 2001
  [18]. T. Hudak, C.A. Wessman, “Textural analysis of historical aerial photography to characterize woody plant encroachment in South African Savanna”, Remote Sens Environ, Vol.66, Issue.3, pp.317-330, 1987
  [19]. A.G.O. Yeh, X. Li, “Principal component analysis of stacked multi-temporal images for the monitoring of rapid urban expansion in the Pearl River”, Int J Remote Sens, Vol. 19, Issue. 8, pp. 1501-1518, 1998
  [20]. T. Fung, E. Ledrew, “Application of principal components analysis to change detection”. Photogramm Eng Remote Sensing, Vol. 53, Issue. 12, pp. 1649-1658, 1987
  [21]. H. Long, X. Wu, W. Wang, G. Dong, “Analysis of urban-rural land-use change during 1995-2006 and its policy dimensional driving forces in Chongqing, China”, Sensors, Vol. 8, Issue. 2, pp. 681-699, 2008.
  [22]. M. El-Raey, Y. Fouda, P. Gal, “GIS for environmental assessment of the impacts of urban encroachment on Rosetta region, Egypt”, Environ Monit Assess, Vol. 60, Issue.2, pp. 217-233, 2000
  [23]. D. Lu, P. Mausel, E. Brondizio, E. Moran, “Change detection techniques”, Int J Remote Sens, Vol.25, Issue.12, pp. 2365-2407, 2004.
  [24]. X. Chen, L. Vierling, D. Deering, “A simple and effective radiometric correction method to improve landscape change detection across sensors and across time”, Remote Sens Environ, Vol. 98, Issue. 1, pp. 63-79, 2005
  [25]. A. Rahman, S. Kumar, S. Fazal, M.A. Siddiqui, “Assessment of land use/land cover change in the North-West District of Delhi using remote sensing and GIS techniques”, J Indian Soc Remote Sens, Vol. 40, Issue. 4, pp. 689-697, 2012
  [26]. B. Campbell, “Introduction to Remote Sensing”, Taylor & Francis, Singapore, pp.23-55, 1996
  [27]. A. Butt, R. Shabbir, S.S. Ahmad, N. Aziz, “Land use change mapping and analysis using Remote Sensing and GIS: A case study of Simly watershed, Islamabad, Pakistan”, Egyptian J Rem Sens Space Sci, Vol. 18, Issue. 2, pp. 251-259, 2015
  [28]. J.R. Jensen, “Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective”, Prentice Hall, India, pp.1-18, 1996.
  [29]. E.C. Hernandez, A. Henderson, D.P. Oliver, “Effects of changing land use in the Pagsanjan-Lumban catchment on suspended sediment loads to Laguna de Bay, Philippines”, Agric Water Manage, Vol.106, Issue.3, pp. 8-16, 2012.
  [30]. G.M. Foody, “Status of land cover classification accuracy assessment”, Remote Sens Environ, Vol.80, Issue.1, pp. 185- 201, 2002
  [31]. C. Kamusoko, M. Aniya, “Land use/cover change and landscape fragmentation analysis in the Bindura district, Zimbabwe”, Land Degrad Dev, Vol.18, Issue.2, pp. 221-223, 2007
  [32]. P. Serra, X. Pons, D. Sauri, “Landcover and land-use change in a Mediterranean landscape: a spatial analysis of driving forces integrating biophysical and human factors”, Appl Geogr, Vol. 28, Issue. 3, pp. 189- 209, 2008.
  [33]. Siry JP, Cubbage FW, Ahmed MR., “Sustainable forest management: global trends and opportunities”, Forest Policy and Economics, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.551-561, 2005.
  [34]. S.K. Singh, “Geospatial Technique for Land use/Land cover mapping using Multi- Temporal Satellite Images: A case study of Samastipur District (India)”, Environment & We an International Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 11, Issue. 2-4, pp. 75-85, 2016
  [35]. S.K. Singh, “Delineation of waterlogged areas in Vaishali district (Bihar) using normalized difference water Index”, Sgvu J Clim Change Water, Vol. 1, Issue. 2, pp. 33‐37, 2017.
  [36]. S.K. Singh, “Soil Erosion Assessment Using Geospatial Technique: A Case Study of North Bihar, India”, White Falcon Publishing, India, pp.1-27, 2017
  [37]. S.K. Singh, V. Chandel, H. Kumar, H. Gupta, “RS & GIS based urban land use change and site suitability analysis for future urban expansion of Parwanoo Planning area, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (India)”, Inter J Develop Res, Vol. 4, Issue. 8, pp. 1491-1503, 2014
  [38]. S.K. Singh, B. Saklani, S. Prakash, H. Gupta, “Geospatial approach for decentralized planning at Rajhana panchayat, Himachal Pradesh”, J Adv Rem Sen GIS Geography, Vol. 2, Issue. 2, pp. 27-43, 2014
  [39]. Wang X, “Integrating water-quality management and land-use planning in a watershed context”, J Environ Management, Vol. 61, Issue.1, pp. 25-36, 2001
  [40]. M.E. Mendoza, E.L. Granados, D. Geneletti, D.R. Perez-Salicrup, V. Salinas, “Analysing land cover and land use change processes at watershed level: a multi temporal study in the Lake Cuitzeo Watershed, Mexico (1975-2003)”, Appl Geogr, Vol. 31, Issue.1, pp. 237-250, 2011.
  [41]. G. Singh, “Personal communication, Central soil salinity research institute”, Karnal, Haryana, pp.1-186, 2007.
  [42]. S. Kanga, L.K. Sharma, P.C. Pandey, M.S. Nathawat, S.K. Sharma, “Forest fire modeling to evaluate potential hazard to tourism sites using geospatial approach”, Journal of Geomatics, Vol. 7, Issue.1, pp. 93-99, 2013.
  [43]. S. Kanga, L.K. Sharma, M.S. Nathawat, “Himalayan Forest Fires Risk Management: A Geospatial Approach”, Lambert Academic Publishing, India, pp. 1-188, 2015.
  [44]. S. Kanga, “Forest cover and land use mapping using remote sensing and GIS Technology”, SGVU Journal of Climate Change and Water, Vol.1, Issue.2, pp.13-17, 2017.
  

  Citation
  Suraj Kumar Singh, Vikash Kumar, Shruti Kanga, "Land Use/Land Cover Change Dynamics and River Water Quality Assessment Using Geospatial Technique: a case study of Harmu River, Ranchi (India)," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.5, Issue.3, pp.17-24, 2017

• Open Access   Article

  System for Providing News Associated with Location

  S.Dubey, R. Jhaggar, N. Jhariya, A. Thakur

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp.25-29, Jun-2017

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  It is the age of science, when news updates are much needed to people of each profession. Sometimes we met with conditions when instantaneous news about any area or a region of glob has been highly demanded. The main objective of this research is to get the frequent news of any specific area or region. The rapid growth of technology enforces us to be innovative and make a system with instantaneous characteristics. Systems (applications, news channels, radio etc) those exist so far are delayed based service providers as well as time instant ability is concern. Here in this research we have designed a system which will give instant information to user about target region. Our research is an integration of Google maps and Google news. It is a tool which gives the news about a place being searched on map by using place markers. Although this job can be achieved by the users but by using two tabs on the browser, one window showing the Google map and the other window for news and that too have to be searched about the place. So, this application makes the work of the user simpler instead of going for two tabs, it can be achieved in a single page. The paper gives a path to researchers to enhance the live news feature and improve instinctive nature of news..

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Google maps, Google news, Instinctive nature, JavaScript and JSON

  References
  [1] N. Verma, "Determining the Algorithm for Location Based Services Using Indoor Positioning Techniques ", International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue. 7, pp.411-416, 2012.
  [2] P. Mate , H. Chavan, V. Gaikwad, "Android Based Continuous Query Processing in Location Based Services ", International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 5, pp.134-138, 2014.
  [3] Neelu.L., Aruna Kumara.B., Shashidhar.V., Bharath J., "Location Based Reminder Using Android and Google Maps ", International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol. 3, Issue .5, pp 4173-4183, 2015.
  [4] O. A. Ibrahim, K. J. Mohsen, "Design and Implementation an Online Location Based Services Using Google Maps for Android Mobile ", International Journal of Computer Networks and Communications Security, Vol. 2, Issue. 3, pp. 113–118, 2014.
  [5] A. Kushwaha, V. Kushwaha, "Location Based Services using Android Mobile Operating System ", International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, Vol.1, Issue.1, pp.14-20, 2011..
  [6] S. Patra, K. Velisetty, P. Patel, " Google Maps and RSS Integration in Android ", International Journal of Students Research in Technology & Management, Vol. 1, Issue.6, pp 614-618, 2013
  [7] M. Singhal, A. Shukla, " Implementation of Location based Services in Android using GPS and Web Services ", International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 9, Issue.1, pp 237-242, 2012.
  [8] Dr. S. V. O. Khanna, M. Mistry, " Impact of Ajax in Web Applications ", International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, Vol. 3, Issue.1, pp 144-145, 2012.
  

  Citation
  S.Dubey, R. Jhaggar, N. Jhariya, A. Thakur, "System for Providing News Associated with Location," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.5, Issue.3, pp.25-29, 2017

• Open Access   Article

  Accurate Prediction of Fetal Images for measuring growth of Fetus using Genetic Algorithm and Back-Propagation Technique of Neural Network

  P. Kaur, G. Singh, P. Kaur

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp.30-41, Jun-2017

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) plays a crucial role in accurately predicting fetal development recently. In this paper, an automatic fetal development measurement as well as classification technique is explained, the goal is to overcome the limitations of accuracy as well as sensitivity in the existing solution of fetal development diagnosis, firstly, the fetal ultrasound image is auto-preprocessed using novel integrated technique, after which texture features like characteristics, Region of Interest (ROI) , as well as background are extracted, and finally, the features are distinguished among abnormal or normal using neuro-fuzzy classifier. Experimental results of proposed technique shows better accuracy rate of classification of 97 % on the benchmark database images with regard to other existing classification methods .The values of sensitivity, specificity, precision rate, recall, F-measure, are much better than those obtained with the other methods. The use of Accuracy (AUC) of Region of Curve (ROC) as assessment indicators is also done to examine the availability of the feature information and the classification accuracy more clearly. These indicators cross-verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Ultrasound (US), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Computer-Aided Diagnostic (CAD), Normal Shrink, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)

  References
  [1]. P. Loughna, "Fetal size and dating: charts recommended for clinical obstetric practice Ultrasound”, Ultrasound , Vol. 17, No 3, pp.160-166, 2009.
  [2]. B. Hearn-Stebbins, "Normal fetal growth assessment: A review of literature and current practice" Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 176-187, 1995.
  [3]. Pramanik, Manojit, M. Gupta, K. B. Krishnan, "Enhancing reproducibility of ultrasonic measurements by new users." SPIE Medical Imaging International Society for Optics and Photonics, India, pp.6-12, 2013.
  [4]. Carneiro Gustavo, "Knowledge-based automated fetal biometrics using syngo Auto OB measurements", Siemens Medical Solutions, Vol. 6, Issue.7, pp.1-6, 2008.
  [5]. J. Espinoza, "Does the use of automated fetal biometry improve clinical work flow efficiency", Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp.847-850, 2013.
  [6]. H. Sujana, S. Swarnamani, “Application of Artificial Neural Networks for the classification of liver lesions by texture parameters”, Ultrasound in Med. and Biol., Vol.22, No.9, pp. 1177- 1181, 1996.
  [7]. H. Yoshida, D. Casalino “Wavelet packet based texture analysis for diferentiation between benign and malignant liver tumors in ultrasound images”, Phys in Med and Biol, Vol. 48, Issue.22, pp. 3735-3753, 2003.
  [8]. T. Chikui, K. Yoshiura, “Sonographic texture characterization of salivary gland tumors by fractal analysis”, Ultrasound in Med. and Biol., Vol. 31, No.10, pp.1297-1304, 2005.
  [9]. J. Minuillon, A. Rosemary Tate, “Classifier combination for in vivo magnetic resonance spectra of brain tumors”, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS 2364), Berlin, pp. 282-292, 2002
  [10]. S. Ramaswamy, P. Tamayo, “Multiclass cancer diagnosis using gene expression signatures”, PNAS, Vol. 98, No. 26, pp. 15149-15154, 2001.
  [11]. X. Chen, “Multi-class feature selection for texture classification”, Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 27, Issue.14, pp. 1685-1691, 2006.
  [12]. A. Philippe, T. Boudier, "Adaptive active contours (snakes) for the segmentation of complex structures in biological images", Image J Conference, India, pp.34-41, 2006.
  [13]. Haralick, M. Robert , "Statistical and structural approaches to texture", Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol.67,No.5, pp.786-804, 1979.
  [14]. S. Selvarajah, S.R. Kodituwakku, "Analysis and comparison of texture features for content based image retrieval", International Journal of Latest Trends in Computing, Vol. 2, No.1, pp.108-113, 2011.
  [15]. S. Poonguzhali, G. Ravindran, "Automatic classification of focal lesions in ultrasound liver images using combined texture features", Information Technology Journal, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp: 205-209, 2008.
  [16]. Pietikainen, Matti, T. Ojala, and X. Zelin, "Rotation-invariant texture classification using feature distributions", Pattern Recognition, Vol. 33 , No. 1, pp.43-52, 2000.
  [17]. J. Flusser, T. Suk, "Rotation moment invariants for recognition of symmetric objects", IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 15, No. 12, pp. 3784-3790, 2006.
  [18]. B.F. Branstetter, “Basics of Imaging Informatics: Part1”, Radiology, Vol. 243, Issue.7, , pp. 656-667, 2007.
  [19]. N. Sharma, A. Bajpai, R. Litoriya, "Comparison the various clustering algorithms of weka tools facilities”, Vol. 4, No.7, pp.1-6, 2012.
  [20]. I. A. Basheer, M. Hajmeer, "Artificial neural networks: fundamentals, computing, design, and application", Journal of microbiological methods, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 3-31, 2000.
  [21]. O. Marques, "Practical image and video processing using MATLAB", John Wiley & Sons, Singapore, pp.1-696, 2011.
  [22]. S. Gupta, R.C. Chauhan S.C. Saxena, “Locally adaptive wavelet domain Bayesian Processor for denoising medical ultrasound images using speckle modelling based on Rayleigh distribution”, IEEE Poc.-Vis. Image Signal Process.,Vol.152,No.1, pp. 129-35, 2005.
  [23]. S. Gupta, L. Kaur, R.C. Chauhan, S.C. Saxena, “A wavelet based Statistical Approach for Speckle Reduction in Medical Ultrasound Images”, Medical and Biological Engineering and computing, Vol.42, Issue.2, pp.189-192, 2004.
  [24]. S.Gupta, L.Kaur, R.C.Chauhan, S.C.Saxena, “A versatile technique for visual enhancement of medical ultrasound images”, Digital signals Processing, Vol. 17, Issue.3, pp.542-560, 2007.
  [25]. L. Kaur, S. Gupta, R.C.Chauhan, “Image denoising using Wavelet Thresholding”, InICVGIP, Vol.2, pp.16-18, 2002.
  [26]. A. Ray, B. Kartikeyan, S. Garg, "Towards Deriving an Optimal Approach for Denoising of RISAT-1 SAR Data Using Wavelet Transform", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.4, Issue.10, pp.33-46, 2016.
  [27]. S. Arivazhagan, S. Deivalakshmi, K. Kannan, B.N. Gajbhiye, C.Muralidhar, Sijo N Lukose, M.P. Subramanian, “Performance Analysis of Wavelet Filters for Image Denoising”, Advances in Computational Sciences And Technology, Vol.1, No.1, pp.1-10,2007.
  [28]. M. Fernandes, “Data Mining: A Comparative Study of its Various Techniques and its Process”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol. 5 ,No. 1, pp.19-23, 2017.
  

  Citation
  P. Kaur, G. Singh, P. Kaur , "Accurate Prediction of Fetal Images for measuring growth of Fetus using Genetic Algorithm and Back-Propagation Technique of Neural Network," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.5, Issue.3, pp.30-41, 2017

• Open Access   Article

  A Survey on Quantization Schemes for Secure Key Generation

  U.R. Bhatt, R. Sharma, A. Soni, R. Upadhyay

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp.42-46, Jun-2017

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Secure key generation is one of the promising approach to establish secured link between two legitimate nodes for wireless communication. We established a system, which generate the secret key at the both end of the legitimate node. Secure key generation system contain four major block namely channel estimation, quantization, information reconciliation and privacy amplification, in which quantization is one of the important module. In secured key generation, output of the quantizer will affects the bit mismatch rate significantly. The present paper analyses different quantization schemes to make synchronization between two nodes. By applying key generation technique, we analyze effect of quantization bit on the key disagreement rate.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Secure key generation; Quantization, Key Disagreement Rate (KDR)

  References
  [1] A. Badawya, T Elfouly, T Khattab, A Mohamedb, M Guizani, “Unleashing the secure potential of the wireless physical layer: Secret key generation methods”, Physical Communication, Vol. 19, Issue.6, pp. 1-10, 2016.
  [2] J. Zhang, T.Q. Duongl, A. marshall, and R. woods, “Key Generation From Wireless Channels: A Review”, IEEE Access, Vol. 4, Issue.1, pp.614-624, 2016 .
  [3] C. T. Zenger, J. Zimmer, C. Paar, “Security Analysis of Quantization Schemes for Channel-based Key Extraction”, in proc. Workshop wireless commun. Secur. Phys. Layer, portugal, pp.1-7, 2015
  [4] C.T. Zenger, M.J. Chur, J.F. Posielek, C. Parr, “A Novel Key Generating Architecture for Wireless Low-Resource Devices”, International Workshop on Secure Internet of Things, Poland, pp. 26-34, 2014.
  [5] S. Mathur, W. Trappe, N.B. Mandayam, C Ye, A. Reznik, “Radio-telepathy: extracting a secret key from an unauthenticated wireless channel”, 14th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, USA, pp 128–139, 2008.
  [6] S. Jana, S. N. Premnath, M. Clark, S.K. Kasera, N. Patwari, S.V. Krishnamurthy, “On the effectiveness of secret key extraction from wireless signal strength in real environments”, In the presseding of 15th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, China, pp. 321-332, 2009.
  [7] N. Patwari, J. Croft, S. Jana, S.K. Kasera, “High-rate uncorrelated bit extraction for shared secret key generation from channel measurements”, IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput., Vol 9, Issue1, pp.17-30, 2010.
  [8] A. Ambekar, M. Hassan, H.D. Schotten, “Improving channel reciprocity for effective key management systems”, 2012 International Symposium on In Signals Systems and Electronics (ISSSE), UK, pp.1-4, Oct 2012.
  [9] R. Guillaume, A. Mueller, C.T. Zenger, Christof Paar Andreas Czylwik “Fair Comparison and Evaluation of Quantization Schemes for PHY-based Key Generation”, 18th International OFDM Workshop,Germany, pp.1-8, 2014.
  [10] X. Wang, L. Thiele, T. Haustein, Y. Wang, “Secret key Generation Using Entropy-Constrained-Like Quantization Scheme ”, 23rd International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT),, China, pp.34-40, 2016
  [11] A. Badawy, T. Khattab, T. El-Fouly, A. Mohamed, D. Trinchero, “Secret key Generation based on AOA estimation for low SNR condition”, IEEE 81st vehicular technology conference, VTC sprint, pp. 1-7, 2015
  [12] H. Li, L. Chen, “RSSI-Aware Energy Saving For Large File Downloading on Smartphones”, IEEE Emebedded System Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 2, pp.63-66, 2015
  

  Citation
  U.R. Bhatt, R. Sharma, A. Soni, R. Upadhyay, "A Survey on Quantization Schemes for Secure Key Generation," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.5, Issue.3, pp.42-46, 2017

• Open Access   Article

  Encryption and Decryption of Data by Genetic Algorithm

  S. Dubey, R. Jhaggar, R. Verma, D. Gaur

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp.47-52, Jun-2017

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  This is the age of science where we deal with a huge set of data daily. Every day user shares huge amount of personal data in social sites, messaging applications, commercial sites and in other service based platforms. To accomplish transactions we need to share our credit/debit card number with passwords too, which makes the transaction very much sensitive. Randomness in the data is called Entropy. The entropy of data is directly proportional to the security of corresponding data. Security is the most favorable and mandatory feature of data transfer and storage based services. Since the quantity of data travel through the networks growing rapidly with respect to time thus enhancement in security is highly needed. According to the described variation of genetic algorithm users will have to give message as well as key also the help of these data sets, algorithm will give ciphertext and hence encryption has been achieved. At receiver’s end decryption of data takes place. The key by which encryption has been done in this algorithm is combination of two matrix of equal length. It will increase the security because of dependency on both the matrix.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Cryptography, Genetic Algorithm, Encryption, Decryption, Key, Cipher text

  References
  [1] U. Bodenhofer “Genetic Algorithms: Theory and Applications”, Fuzzy Logic Laboratorium Linz- Hagen berg, Austria, pp. 53-57, 2003.
  [2] A. Soni, S. Agrawal, "Using Genetic Algorithm for Symmetric key Generation in Image Encryption", International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET), Vol.1, Issue.10, pp. 137-141, 2012
  [3] S. Prajapat, A. Jain, R.S.Thakur, “A Novel Approach For Information Security with Automatic Variable Key Using Fibonacci QMatrix”, International Journal of Computer & Communication Technology (IJCCT), Vol.3, Issue.3, pp. 54-57, 2012,
  [4] S. Mewada, P. Sharma, S.S. Gautam, "Exploration of efficient symmetric algorithms", 2016 3rd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), India, 2016, pp. 663-666.
  [5] A. Sharma, RS Thakur, S. Jaloree, "Investigation of Efficient Cryptic Algorithm for image files Encryption in Cloud", International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.4, Issue.5, pp.5-11, 2016.
  [6] W. Stalling, "Cryptography and Network Security", Pearson Education, USA, pp.327-365, 2008.
  [7] A. Kumar , K. Chatarjee, "An Efficient Stream Cipher using Genetic Algorithm", Proceedings IEEE-WISPNET, India, Page-2322-2326, 2016
  [8] C. Guo, X. Yang, "A Programming of Genetic Algorithm in Matlab7.0", Modern Applied Science, Vol.5, Issue.1, pp. 230-236, 2015.
  [9] C.R. Gaidhani, V.M. Deshpande, V.N. Bora, "Image Steganography for Message Hiding Using Genetic Algorithm", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.3, pp.67-70, 2014.
  [10] S. Prajapat, R. S. Thakur, “Various Approaches towards Cryptanalysis”, International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol.127, Issue.14, pp.15-24, 2015.
  

  Citation
  S. Dubey, R. Jhaggar, R. Verma, D. Gaur, "Encryption and Decryption of Data by Genetic Algorithm," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.5, Issue.3, pp.47-52, 2017

• Open Access   Article

  A Novel Contact Based Mechanism to Decrease Overhead Ratio in Delay Tolerant Networks

  S. Chahal, M. Singh

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp.53-56, Jun-2017

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  DTN (Delay Tolerant Network) is wireless network in which data is transmitted through intermediate nodes. DTN provides store carry and forward mechanism to transfer messages from one node to another node. To transfer data between nodes, DTN provides some standard routing algorithms named epidemic routing, spray and wait routing, prophet and many more. Each routing mechanism has its own features as well as some drawbacks. In spray and wait routing, rate of replication of messages is too high while delivery ratio is also high. So, to overcome drawback of too high replication, the present research paper focuses on mechanism to measure contacts between nodes to reduce replication of messages .The contact is calculated between two nodes when they are in range of each other. In proposed algorithm, popularity vector is calculated based on duration of contacts between nodes. The value of the popularity vector of nodes will be used for selecting most appropriate node for message forwarding. High popularity value of a node will have more probability of successfully delivering the message. Proposed mechanism will reduce replication of messages and hence delivery ratio will be increased and overhead ratio will also decrease significantly.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  DTN (Delay Tolerant Network), intermittent connectivity, Spray and Wait routing, Contact, ONE simulator

  References
  [1] S. Kapadia, B. Krishnamachari, L. Zhang, “Data Delivery in Delay Tolerant Networks: A Survey”, Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Protocol Design, Intech, pp. 565-578, 2013.
  [2] S. Jain, K. Fall, R. Patra., “Routing in a Delay Tolerant Network”, In the Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM, Indian pp. 145149, 2008.
  [3] A. Rani , A. Sharma, D. Singh, S. Indora, “Movement Models based Performance Comparison of Routing Protocols in DTN”, In the Proceedings of Second International Conference on ERCICA-14, India, pp.45-51, 2014.
  [4] D. Singh, S. Indora, A. Rani, A. Sharma ”Routing Policies & Strategies in Delay Tolerant Network”, National Conference on Advances in Engineering and Technology, India, pp.87-84, 2014.
  [5] T. Le, H. Kalantarian, M. Gerla, “A Buffer Management Strategy Based on Power-Law Distributed Contacts in Delay Tolerant Networks”, 2016 25th International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN), Waikoloa , pp.1-8, 2016.
  [6] Z. H. Kurniawan, L. V. Yovita, T. A. Wibowo, “Performance Analysis of Dlife Routing in a Delay Tolerant Networks”, International Conference on Control, Electronics, Renewable Energy and CommunicationsIEEE, Indonesia, pp.41-46, 2016.
  [7] S. Agrawal, K.D. Kulat, M. B.Daigavane, "Evaluation of Routing Algorithm for Ad-hoc and Wireless Sensor Network Protocol", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.1, Issue.2, pp.11-18, 2013.
  [8] B. Swetha, D.B. Rao, P.N. Rao, "Intelligent Anti-Theft Finding Scheme Towards Itrust Establishment in Delay Tolerant Networks Using VANET", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.9, pp.50-56, 2014.
  [9] H. Arai, M. Arai, “Erasure-Code-Based DTN Multi-Path Routing for Contact Avoidance”, IEEE 22nd Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing, New Zealand, pp. 215-216, 2017.
  [10] S. Bhattacharjee, S. Basu, S. Roy, S. D. Bit, “Best-effort Delivery of Emergency Messages in Postdisaster Scenario with Content-based Filtering and Priority-enhanced PRoPHET over DTN”, 8th International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks, India,, pp. 1-7, 2016.
  [11] S. Burleigh, C. Caini, J. J. Messina, M. Rodolfi, “Toward a Unified Routing Framework for Delay-Tolerant Networking”, IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments, India, pp: 82- 86, 2016.
  [12] S.Dinesh Kumar, G.Sathish Kumar, "Delay Tolerant Network (DTN): A Substitute Result for Efficient Trust Establishment", International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.4, Issue.4, pp.252-257, 2016.
  [13] N. Das, A. Roy, S. D. Bit, “LionBEAR: A Location Based Energy Aware Routing Scheme in DTNs” IEEE Confernece, Russia ,pp. 75-80, 2014.
  [14] A. Sharma, “Opportunistic network environment: A multipurpose simulation tool for wireless networks”, Journal of Open Source Developments, Vol.2, Issue.4, pp. 1-5, 2015.
  

  Citation
  S. Chahal, M. Singh, "A Novel Contact Based Mechanism to Decrease Overhead Ratio in Delay Tolerant Networks," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.5, Issue.3, pp.53-56, 2017

• Open Access   Article

  Visual Encryption Using Bit Shift Technique

  P. Sharma, D. Mishra, V.K. Sarthi, P. Bhatpahri, R. Shrivastava

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp.57-61, Jun-2017

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  In present paper we report an effective method of scrambling an image, which can be used as one of the important tool in visual cryptography. A sample image is scrambled using bit shift technique using specific algorithm. The considered algorithm was explained using a matrix representation, taking an 8 x 8 sample matrix. Intensity distribution and toner distributions of scrambled images were studied using their histograms. The results of histogram of an image, in which, each pixel was shifted 4 places left, using bit shift technique, expressed that the toner distribution is uniform throughout. In order to judge the complexity level of scrambling, horizontal and vertical correlation of adjacent pixels and of 4 bit shifted scrambled images were also calculated. Values of horizontal and vertical correlation coefficients were also calculated, which reflected that the complexity and randomness of pixels increases with increasing stages of scrambling which supports the result obtained in histogram. This technique of encryption can be used as a very useful tool in digital security system.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Cryptography, Matrix Algorithms, Scrambling, Horizontal and Vertical Correlation

  References
  [1] X. Chai, Z. Gan, Y. Change, Y. Zang, “A visually secure image encryption scheme based on compressive sensing”, Signal Processing, Vol. 134, Issue.5, pp. 35-51, 2017.
  [2] Y. Zang, L.Y. Zhang, “Exploiting random convolution and random subsampling for image encryption and compression”, Electron Letters, Vol. 51, Issue. 20, pp. 1572-1574, 2017.
  [3] Z. Hua, Y. Zhou, “Design of image cipher using block-based scrambling and image filtering”, Information Science Vol. 396, Issue.7, pp. 97-113, 2017.
  [4] C. Ling, X. Wu, S. Sun, “A general efficient method for chaotic signal estimation”, Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 47, Issue. 5, pp. 1424–1428, 1999.
  [5] T. Guo, F. Liu, C. Wu, “k out of k extended visual cryptography scheme by random grids”, Signal Processing, Vol. 94, Issue.1, pp. 90-101, 2014.
  [6] H.B. Kekre, T. Sarode, P. Halrnkar, “Image scrambling using R-Prime shuffle”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue. 8, pp. 4070-4075, 2013.
  [7] G. Ye, “Image scrambling encryption algorithm of pixel bit based on chaos map”, Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 31, Issue.5, pp. 347–354, 2010.
  [8] X. Y. Wang, Y.Q Zhang, L.T. Liu, “An enhanced sub-image encryption method Optics and Lasers in Engineering”, Optics and Laser in Engineering, Vol.86, Issue.11, pp. 248-254, 2016.
  [9] A. Soleymani, M. J. Nordin, and E. Sundararajan, “A Chaotic Cryptosystem for Images Based on Henon and Arnold Cat Map”, The Scientific World Journal, vol. 2014, Issue.7, pp. 1-21, 2014.
  [10] B. Saha, “A Comparative Analysis of Histogram Equalization Based Image Enhancement Technique for Brightness Preservation”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol. 3, Issue. 3, pp. 1-5, 2015.
  [11] C. P. Patidar and Meena Sharma, "Histogram Computations on GPUs Kernel using Global and Shared Memory Atomics", International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.1, Issue.4, pp.1-6, 2013.
  [12] C. Li, K. T. Lo, “Optimal quantitative cryptanalysis of permutation-only multimedia ciphers against plaintext attacks”, Signal Processing, Vol. 91, Issue. 4, pp. 949–954, 2011.
  [13] X. Liao, S. Lai, Q. Zhou, “A novel image encryption algorithm based on self-adaptive wave transmission”, Signal Processing, Vol. 90, Issue. 9, pp. 2714–2722, 2010.
  

  Citation
  P. Sharma, D. Mishra, V.K. Sarthi, P. Bhatpahri, R. Shrivastava, "Visual Encryption Using Bit Shift Technique," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.5, Issue.3, pp.57-61, 2017

• Open Access   Article

  Protection of Industrial and Residential areas by Wireless Gas Leakage Detector using IoT and WSN

  Anusha Bharati, Ritika Thakur, Kavita Mhatre

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp.62-67, Jun-2017

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  One of the foremost predicament with industrial sector, residential premises and gas powered (CNG) vehicles like bus, cars is gas leakage. To detect the gas leakage and to cease it by human endeavour is an inconvenient problem. Hence, a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) system-automatic gas leakage detector is essential for apprising the premises and termination of the leakage. We coalesce the concepts of Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for the autonomous wireless gas detection. The propounded project is endeavoured to achieve the gas leakage detection by developing a prototype that constantly monitors the gas leakage with the help of the electronic Gas sensing unit having high sensitivity for detecting LPG leak, Butane leak, Methane leak or any such petroleum based gases. The embedded system is controlled by the controller, an electronic prototyping platform/board based on Atmega AVR Microcontroller Atmega328P. In the advent of gas leakage, the user is sent text message alerts via the WSN communication standard IEEE 802.15.4. The user gets notified through the Wi-Fi Module which establishes a wireless Internet connectivity between the networks in the system. Also, the system has a vigilant sound alarm which produces high pitch beeping upon gas leak and stops the alarm once gas leak is under control. A LCD is provided to display the status, properties, run time and functions of the system.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Atmega328 Microcontroller, Gas leakage detector, IEEE 802.15.4, IoT, Wi-Fi Module, WSN

  References
  [1] Dr. Shu Yinbiao, MSB Member, SGCC “Internet of Things: Wireless Sensor Networks”, White Paper International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 1-78, 2014.
  [2] G.Sharma, A.Kumar, “REVIN: Reduced Energy Virtuous Immune Network for WSN “,International Journal of Scientific Resereach in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.5, Issue.2, pp.1-8, 2017.
  [3] Akshay M.S, Chaitra B.N, Murali G, Sumangala Gejje, “Design and implementation of a gas leakage detector using wireless data acquisition system for real time applications using the concept of IoT”, International Journal on Recent and Innovations Trend in Computing and Communication, Vol. 4, Issue.4, pp.1-3, 2016.
  [4] S.Nivedhitha, A.P. Padmavathy, U.S. Susaritha, M. Ganesh Madham, “Development of Multipurpose Gas Leakage and Fire Detector with Alarm System”, Texas Educators Conference(TIIEC), India, pp. 1-6, IEEE 2013.
  [5] Luay Fraiwan, Khaldon Lweesy, Aya Bani-Slma, Nour Mani, “A Wireless Home Safety Gas Leakage Detection System”, Biomedical Engineering (MECBME), 1st Middle East Conference, UAE, pp. 1-4, 2016.
  [6] Pooja Dahiya, Neha, SRN Reddy, “IoT based Home Alert System using Wi-Fi and Cloud Technologies”, National conference on Product Design (ncpd 2016), India, pp. 1-6, July 2016.
  [7] Shruti Bhoir, Snehanjali Goregaonkar, Prof. Shilp Satre,“IoT Based Gas detection System”, International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, Vol. 7, Issue.4, pp.1-2,April 2017.
  [8] C.Sasikumar, D.Manivannam,“Gas Leakage Detection and Monitoring Based on Low Power Microcontroller and Xbee”, International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET), Vol. 5, No.1 ,pp. 1-5, 2013.
  [9] MQ-5 Gas Sensor Data Sheet, https://www.parallax.com/sites/default/files/downloads/605-00009-MQ-5-Datasheet.pdf
  

  Citation
  Anusha Bharati, Ritika Thakur, Kavita Mhatre , "Protection of Industrial and Residential areas by Wireless Gas Leakage Detector using IoT and WSN," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.5, Issue.3, pp.62-67, 2017