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• Open Access   Article

  Information Theoretic Aspects for enhancement of accuracy in Epilepsy diagnosis

  Sachin Goel and Harshvardhan Mishra

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp.1-5, Jan-2014

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  Abstract
  An EEG recording remains a major source for analyzing epilepsy disease in the human being. There are various challenges associated with analyzing EEG signals. So we need such methods which can enhance the accuracy in analyzing these signals. We propose a technique towards enhancing diagnostic accuracy of the current state and provide a better estimation of survivability. The proposed methodology utilizes information theoretic approach associated with EEG recordings of epilepsy in developing a model with enhanced inferences with respect to current state of disease and future estimates of survivability.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Information Theory, Electroencephalogram, Epilepsy, Shannon Entropy

  References
  [1] Rajeev Agrawal, Sweta Sneha, “Towards Accurate Diagnostic Via Statistical And Clinical Characterization Of Ultrasound Images”, Late-Breaking Research Poster presentation at the 34th Annual International Conference of IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC’12), 2012.
  [2] T. M. Cover, J. A. Thomas, "Elements Of Information Theory", John Wiley and Sons, 1991.
  [3] Sheldon Ross, “First Course In Probability”, Prentice Hall, January 2009.
  [4] Vairavan Srinivasan, Chikkannan Eswaran and Natarajan Sriraam. 2007,”Approximate Entropy-Based Epileptic Eeg Detection Using Artificial Neural Networks” ,in IEEE Transactions on Information Technology. Biomedicine. Vol. 11, No. 3.
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  [6] Yuedong Song, Pietro Liò,“ a new approach for epileptic seizure detection: sample entropy based feature extraction and extreme learning machine”, J. Biomedical Science and Engineering, 2010, 3, 556-567.
  [7] N. Kannathala,b, M. L. Choob, U.R. Acharyab, P.K. Sadasivana,"Entropies For Detection Of Epilepsy In Eeg," Computer Methods andPrograms in Biomedicine 2005.
  [8] M. Teplan, “Fundamentals Of Eeg Measurement”, Measurement Science Review, Vol. 2, Section 2, 2002.
  [9] N. Kannathala,b, M. L. Choob, U.R. Acharyab, P.K. Sadasivana "Entropies For Detection Of Epilepsy In Eeg," Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 2005.
  [10] Peter Hall and Sally C. Morton,“ On The Estimation Of Entropy”, Ann. Inst. Statist. Math, Vol. 45, No. 1, 69-88 (1993).
  [11] A. R´enyi, “On Measures Of Entropy And Information,” in Proceedings 4th Berkeley Symp. Math. Stat. and Prob., 1961,vol. 1, pp. 547–561.
  [12] Majdi T. Oraiqat Mahdi, “A New Fast Epilepsy Detection Method Using Electroencephalogram Signal Processing”, in World Applied Sciences Journal 14 (8): 1119-1124, 2011.
  [13] Paul R. Carney, Stephen Myers, and James D. Geyer , “Seizure Prediction: Methods” ,in Epilepsy Behav. 2011 December ; 22(Suppl 1): S94–S101.
  

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  Sachin Goel and Harshvardhan Mishra, "Information Theoretic Aspects for enhancement of accuracy in Epilepsy diagnosis," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.1, pp.1-5, 2014

• Open Access   Article

  An Efficient Image Sharpening Filter for Enhancing Edge Detection Techniques for 2D, High Definition and Linearly Blurred Images

  Palak Kumar and Vineet Saini

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp.6-10, Jan-2014

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  The edge detectors are widely used in computer vision to locate sharp intensity changes and to find object boundaries in an image. Image Edge detection significantly reduces the amount of data and filters out useless information, while preserving the important structural properties in an image. Since edge detection is in the forefront of image processing for object detection, it is crucial to have a good understanding of edge detection algorithms. The construction of a pre-processing filtering tool for edge detection and segmentation tasks is still a challenging matter. In this paper the revision of edge detectors are done to improve their detection accuracy. This work proposes an edge sharpening filter to sharpen the edges of an image prior to detection and then apply the edge detectors for the better results. The difference in the output can be observed by comparing the results of edge detection under normal and filtered conditions.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Edge detection,Canny edge detection technique improvement, Image Sharpening Filter,Comparative analysis of image with proposed Filter and 2D FIR Filter

  References
  [1] Aizenberg, I.N.,“Extraction of the Small Details on the Noised Images and their Sharpening: Implementation on the CNN”, 4th IEEE international Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications S. Seville, Spain, June 24-26, pp. 31-36,1966.
  [2] Bao, P., Zhang, L., and Wu, X., “Canny Edge Detection Enhancement by Scale Multiplication”, IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, vol. 27, page no., 9 September 2005.
  [3] He, S., and Yang, J.,“Prominent Object Sharpening Using Reference Image”, International Conference on Image Analysis and Signal Processing (IASP), pp. 232 – 234, IEEE 2011.
  [4] Hocenski, Z., Vasilić, S., Hocenski, V., “Improved Canny Edge Detector in Ceramic Tiles Defect Detection”, 32nd Annual Conference on Industrial Electronics IECON, pp.3328-3331, IEEE 2006.
  [5] Hui, P., Ruifang, Z., Shanmei, L., Youxian, W., Lanlan, W., “Edge Detection of Growing Citrus Based on Self-adaptive Canny Operator”, International Conference on Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring, pp. 342-345, IEEE 2011.
  [6] Kun, H.Q., Caiet, Z.Y., “Edge Detection Algorithm of Core Image Based on the Improved Canny Operator”, 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT), pp. 411-413, IEEE 2011.
  [7] Kobayashi, T. and Tajimaet, J., “Content-Adaptive Automatic Image Sharpening”, 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), pp. 2214-2217, IEEE 2010.
  [8] Lan, J., Zhang, H., Xiong, G., “Improved Filtering Method Used for Linear CCD Light Spot Image”, International Conference on Image Analysis and Signal Processing (IASP), pp. 271-275, IEEE 2011.
  [9] You, S.J., and Choet, N.I., “A New Image De noising Method Based On The Wavelet Domain Nonlocal Means Filtering”, International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pp. 1141-1144, IEEE 2011.
  [10] Yu, Z.J., Yan, C., Xiang, H.X., “Edge Detection of Images Based on Improved Sobel Operator and Genetic Algorithms”, International Conference on Image Analysis and Signal Processing (ICASP),pp. 31-35, IEEE 2009.
  [11] Zhang, X.Q., Yang, K., Hao, B.Q., “Cell-Edge Detection Method Based on Canny Algorithm and Mathematical Morphology”, 3rd International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, pp. 894-897, IEEE 2010.
  [12] Zhang, Z., Zhao, G., “Butterworth filter and Sobel edge detection to image”, International Conference on Multimedia Technology (ICMT), pp. 254-256, IEEE 2011.
  [13] Zhao, H., Qin, G., Wang, X.,“Improvement of Canny Algorithm Based on Pavement Edge Detection”, 3rd International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, pp. 964-967, IEEE 2010,.
  [14] Zhao, W., Wang, L.,“A New Method of the Forest Dynamic Inspection Color Image Sharpening Process”, 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering, pp. 211-214, IEEE 2010.
  

  Citation
  Palak Kumar and Vineet Saini, "An Efficient Image Sharpening Filter for Enhancing Edge Detection Techniques for 2D, High Definition and Linearly Blurred Images," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.1, pp.6-10, 2014

• Open Access   Article

  Improving Effectiveness of Query Optimizer

  Jyoti Haweliya, Ravinder Kaur Narang

  Technical Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp.11-11, Jan-2014

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  Abstract
  Query Optimization is important tasks in Relational DBMS. Given a query, there are many plans that a database management system (DBMS) can follow to process it and produce its answer. All plans are equivalent in terms of their final output but vary in their cost, i.e., the amount of time that they need to run. Process of finding good evaluation plan is called Query Optimization .The plan is formed from different combination of operators and the way these operators are implemented in database affects the cost of query. However, the literature do not attempt to give us comparison of different implementation algorithms for operators and to what particular type of plan a Query Optimizer should select for a particular situation. Therefore it is the purpose of this paper to understand and develop a comparison among them by taking example of a simple query. Further on basis of our analysis, we found some proposals that will help Query Optimizer to rule out good plans from bad plans in effect improving effectiveness of Query Optimizer.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Query Optimizer, Prefer Pipelining, Sequential Access

  References
  [1]. Johann Christopher Freytag, ”Basic Principles of Query Optimization”, March 1989/09, CA, pp 801-807.
  [2]. Yannis E. Ioannidis, University of Wisconsin, “Query Optimization”, June 1982.
  [3]. Visshy Posala, Bell Labs, Query Optimization, April 1992
  [4]. S. Mein, “Principles of Query Optimization”, 1990.
  [5]. L. Vieille , “Advanced Query Optimization”, March 1989
  [6]. C. White., Principles of Semantic Query , 1986
  [7]. G.von Bultz, Translating and Optimizing Global Queries, 1987
  [8]. W. Wang , Optimizing Dynamic AND Parametric Queries, 1985
  [9]. Ram Krishnan and Gehrek, Introduction to Relational Database
  [10]. Silberschatz, Korth, Sudarshan, Introduction to Database concepts.
  

  Citation
  Jyoti Haweliya, Ravinder Kaur Narang, "Improving Effectiveness of Query Optimizer," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.1, pp.11-11, 2014

• Open Access   Article

  Quantitative analysis of Epileptic EEG signals- An Information Theoretic Approach

  Sachin Goel and Harshvardhan Mishra

  Technical Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp.14-16, Jan-2014

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  Computational neuroscience is a new area of research which deals with neuron responses carrying stimulus for a particular process. Different approaches and researches had applied frameworks, measures & techniques to know & analyze the fundamental understanding of the process. Defining information in a quantitative manner is the major constraint for researchers. Information measure is the only way which can give some inside into the complex world of neuroscience as these stimulus or spikes generated are random in nature & many times lead to chaotic behavior. Any such study/model/framework will be of high interest which can be able to bring some facet about the process.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Computational Neurosciences, Information Theory, Electroencephalogram, Epilepsy

  References
  [1] Shannon CE: A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Tech J 1948, 27:379-423; 623-656. (Reprinted in Claude Elwood Shannon: Collected Papers. Edited by Sloane NJA and Wyner AD. New York: IEEE Press; 1993. Also available at http://cm.bell- labs.com/cm/ ms/what/ shannonday/paper.html).
  [2] Pamela Reinagel, “Information theory in the brain”, Current Biology, Vol.10, No.15,1997.
  [3] Alexander Borst and Frederic E. Theunissen, “Information theory and neural coding”, Nature Neuroscience, volume 2, no.11, November 1999.
  [4] S. P. Strong,Roland Koberle, Rob R. de Ruyter van Steveninck, and William Bialek, “Entropy and Information in Neural Spike Trains”,physical review letter,Volume 80, No.1,1998.
  [5] Brian Nils Lundstorm and Adriennne L. Fairhall “Decoding Stimulus Variance from a Distributional Neural Code of Interspike Intervals”, The Journal of Neuroscience, August 30, 2006, Vol.26, No.35, PP 9030-9037.
  [6] Kazuyuki Samejima and Kenji Doya , ”Estimating Interval Variables of a Decision Maker’s Brain: A Model-Based Approach for Neuroscience” ICONIP 2007, PART I, LNCS 4984,PP. 596-603, 2008.
  [7] Alexander G. Dimitrov, Aurel A. Lazar and Jonathan D. Victor, “Information theory in neuroscience” Journal of Computational Neuroscience (2011) 30:1–5.
  [8] Dimitrov, A. G., & Miller, J. P. ,“ Neural coding and decoding: Communication channels and quantization” Network: Computation in Neural Systems, 12, 441–472 (2001).
  [9] Kennel, M., Shlens, J., Abarbanel, H., & Chichilnisky, “Estimating entropy rates with bayesian confidence” E. J.(2005) intervals Neural Computation, 17, 1531–1576.
  [10] Paninski,L, “Estimation of entropy and mutual information”, Neural Computation, 15,1191–1253(2003).
  [11] P Grassberger,”Entropy estimates from insufficient samples”, E-print physics/0307138, July 2003.
  [12] I Nemenman, “Information Theory and Learning: A Physical Approach “ Ph.D thesis, Princeton University, Department of Physics, 2000.
  [13] F. Rieke, D. Warland, R. R. de Ruyter van Steveninck,and W. Bialek, “Spikes: Exploring the Neural Code “(MIT Press, Cambridge, 1997).
  

  Citation
  Sachin Goel and Harshvardhan Mishra , "Quantitative analysis of Epileptic EEG signals- An Information Theoretic Approach," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.1, pp.14-16, 2014

• Open Access   Article

  Adoption Ipv6: Security and Future

  Abu Taha Zamani and Javed Ahmad

  Technical Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp.17-21, Jan-2014

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  Internet Protocol version six (IPv6), the next generation Internet Protocol, exists sparsely in today’s world. However, as it gains popularity, it will grow into a vital part of the Internet and communications technology in general. Many large organizations, including the Department of Defense, are working toward deploying IPv6 in many varied applications. This thesis focuses on the design and implementation issues that accompany a migration from Internet Protocol version four (IPv4) to IPv6 in the Monterey Security Enhanced Architecture (MYSEA). The research for this thesis consists of two major parts: a functional comparison between the IPv6 and IPv4 designs, and a prototype implementation of MYSEA with IPv6. The current MYSEA prototype relies on a subset of Network Address Translation (NAT) functionality to support the network’s operation; and, due to the fact that IPv6 has no native support for NAT, this work also requires the creation of a similar mechanism for IPv6. This thesis provides a preliminary examination of IPv6 in MYSEA, which is a necessary step in determining whether the new protocol will assist with or detract from the enforcement of MYSEA policies.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  MYSEA, IPv4, IPv6, MLS, IP next Generation, Multilevel security, Network Address Translation

  References
  [1]. IPv6 Standards Profile Released," September 19, 2008.http://gcn.com/articles/2008/09/19/ipv6-standards-profile-released.aspx
  [2]. IPv6 Wiki for Transition Managers https://max.omb.gov/community/x/EhPVI
  [3]. NIST IPv6 Deployment Monitor http://fedv6-deployment.antd.nist.gov/
  [4]. NIST SP800-119 “Guidelines for the Secure Deployment of IPv6, December 2010 http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-119/sp800-119.pdf
  [5]. “NIST Special Publication 500-267: A Profile for IPv6 in the U.S. Government – Version 1.0”, July 2008 http://www.antd.nist.gov/usgv6/usgv6-v1.pdf
  [6]. NIST USGv6 Deployment Test Suite http://www.antd.nist.gov/usgv6/
  [7]. NTIA IPv6 Web-page and Resources http://www.ntia.doc.gov/category/ipv6
  [8]. "OMB: Agencies met IPv6 deadline," July 1, 2008. http://fcw.com/Articles/2008/07/01/OMB-Agencies-met-IPv6-deadline.aspx
  [9]. Planning Guide/Roadmap Toward IPv6 Adoption within the U.S. Government http://www.cio.gov
  [10]. Practical Guide on Federal Service Oriented Architecture, June 2008. http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/E-Gov/pgfsoa
  [11]. http://www.cio.gov/documents/IPv6MemoFINAL.pdf

  Citation
  Abu Taha Zamani and Javed Ahmad, "Adoption Ipv6: Security and Future," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.1, pp.17-21, 2014

• Open Access   Article

  Encoding of Hindi Text Using Steganography Technique

  Rajesh Shah and Yashwant Singh Chouhan

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRCSE)

  Vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp.22-28, Jan-2014

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  Establishing hidden communication and conveying information secretly has been of interest since long past ago. One of the method introduce for establishing hidden communication is Steganography. Methods of Steganography have been mostly applied on image, audio, videos and text files while the major characteristics of these methods are to change in the structure and features so as not to be identifiable by human users. Text document are the best example for this. In this paper we produce a new approach for Hindi text Steganography, which uses letter and its diacritics and numerical code. This method is very useful in Hindi Text and in all other similar Indian Languages.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Hindi Text, Cryptography, Steganography, Text Steganography, Text Watermarking, Feature Coding

  References
  [1]. K. Bennett, "Linguistic Steganography: Survey, Analysis, and Robustness Concerns for Hiding Information in Text", Purdue University, CERIAS Tech. Report, 2004.
  [2]. Ross J. Anderson and Fabien A.P. Petit colas, "On the limits of steganography," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (J-SAC), Special Issue on Copyright& Privacy Protection, vol. 16 no. 4, pp 474-481, May1998.
  [3]. Fabien A. P. Petit colas, Ross J. Anderson and Markus G.Kuhn. “Information Hiding – A Survey”, Proceedings of the IEEE,special issue on protection of multimedia content, July 1999, pp. 1062 – 1078.
  [4]. N.F. Maxemchuk J.T. Brassil, S. Low and L. O.Gorman. Electronic marking and identification techniques to discourage document copying. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13:1495–1504, 1995.
  [5]. G. Doerr and J.L. Dugelay. Security pitfalls of frame by frame approaches to video watermarking. IEEET transactions on Signal Processing, Supplement on Secure Media, 52:2955–2964, 2004.
  [6]. W. Sweldens. The lifting scheme. A construction of second generation wavelets. SIAM J. Math. Anal., 29:511–546, 1997.
  [7]. N.F.Johnson. And S. Jajodia. Steganography: seeing the unseen. IEEE Computer, 16:26–34, 1998.
  [8]. W. Sweldens R. Calderbank, I. Daubechies and B.L. Yeo. Wavelet transforms that map integers to integers. Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal.,5:332–369, 1998.
  [9]. K. Moon Y. Kim and I. Oh. A text watermarking algorithm based on word classification and inter-word space statistics. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR’03), pages 775–779, 2003.
  [10]. K. Rabah, “Steganography-the art of hiding data,” Information Technology Journal, vol.3, pp. 245-269, 2004.
  [11]. W. Bender, D. Gruhl, N. Morimoto, and A. Lu, “Techniques for data hiding,” IBM Systems Journal, vol.35, pp. 313-336, 1996.
  [12]. [12] M. H. S. Shahreza, and M. S. Shahreza, ”A new approach to Persian/Arabic text steganography,” In Proceedings of 5th IEEE/ACIS Int. Conf. on Computer and Information Science and 1st IEEE/ACIS Int. Workshop on Component-Based Software Engineering, Software Architecture and Reuse, 2006, pp. 310-315.
  [13]. M. H. S. Shahreza, and M. S. Shahreza, ”A new synonym text steganography,” Int. Conf. on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, 2006, pp. 1524-1526.
  [14]. J. Cummins, P. Diskin, S. Lau, and R. Parlett, “Steganography and digital watermarking,” School of Computer Science, 2004, pp.1-24.
  [15]. T. Y. Liu, and W. H. Tsai, “A new steganographic method for data hiding in Microsoft word documents by a change tracking technique,” IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, vol.2, no.1, pp. 24-30, 2007.
  [16]. M. Khairullah, “A novel text steganography system in cricket match scorecard,” Int. Journal of Computer Applications, vol.21, pp. 43-47, 2011.
  [17]. H. Kabetta, B. Y. Dwiandiyanta, and Suyoto, “Information hiding in CSS: a secure scheme text steganography using public key cryptosystem,” Int. Journal on Cryptography and Information Security, vol.1, pp. 13-22, 2011.
  [18]. A Novel Approach of Secure Text Based Steganography Model using Word Mapping Method(WMM) Souvik Bhattacharyya, Indradip Banerjee and Gautam Sanyal International Journal of Computer and Information Engineering 4:2 2010.
  [19]. Kalavathi Alla, R. Siva Rama Prasad, "An Evolution of Hindi Text Steganography," citing, p.1577-1578, 2009Sixth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations, 2009.
  

  Citation
  Rajesh Shah and Yashwant Singh Chouhan, "Encoding of Hindi Text Using Steganography Technique," International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.1, pp.22-28, 2014