Effects of 5G Network and Climatic Fluctuations on Sorghum Yield in Nigeria

Umar Danjuma Maiwada¹ , Muhammad Garzali Qabasiyu² , Muhammad Hamza Dauda³

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp.39-52, Apr-2024

Online published on Apr 30, 2024

Copyright © Umar Danjuma Maiwada, Muhammad Garzali Qabasiyu, Muhammad Hamza Dauda . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

View this paper at   Google Scholar | DPI Digital Library

XML View     PDF Download

How to Cite this Paper

Abstract :
In Nigeria, sorghum stands as a staple crop with significant importance for food security and the economy. This study investigates the effects of climatic fluctuations, particularly rainfall variability and temperature changes, on the yield of sorghum across different agro-ecological zones in Nigeria. Additionally, it examines the influence of 5G network technology on agricultural practices and data-driven decision-making processes related to sorghum cultivation. Utilizing a combination of historical climate data, sorghum yield records, and statistical models, we analyze the correlation between climatic factors, including 5G network accessibility, and crop output over the past three decades. Our findings indicate that sorghum yields are highly sensitive to deviations in seasonal rainfall patterns and temperature anomalies. In years of below-average rainfall, sorghum yields declined substantially, highlighting the crop`s dependency on water availability. Temperature increases were found to have a dual effect; moderate increases coincided with yield gains, likely due to extended growing seasons, while extreme heat events correlated with yield reductions, likely due to heat stress on the plants. The study also evaluates adaptive farming practices employed by local farmers in response to climatic stresses, including crop variety selection, irrigation use, and planting date adjustments. Despite these efforts, the results suggest that current adaptation strategies may be insufficient against the setting of projected change in climate scenarios. Policy implications were discussed, emphasizing the need for robust agricultural policies that support sustainable farming practices, improved water management systems, and the development of climate-resilient sorghum varieties. Moreover, the study highlights the role of 5G network technology in enhancing agricultural resilience. Access to real-time weather data, market information, and expert advice through 5G networks can empower farmers to adopt wise choices, distribute resources as efficiently as possible, and prevent the impacts of climatic fluctuations on sorghum production. The study underlines the urgency for concerted action to lessen the negative consequences of climatic fluctuations on agriculture in Nigeria, with a focus on safeguarding the sorghum supply chain and, by extension, food security and rural livelihoods. The current investigation examined how variations in rainfall affected the production of sorghum in Kano State, Nigeria. Among the goals are: Analyze how rainfall variability affects sorghum output and note the strategies farmers use to increase sorghum yield. Descriptive statistics and focus group discussions with farmers are part of the study`s methodology. The outcomes resulted in FGD indicating a rise in the amount of precipitation leads to a decrease in sorghum output in the research region. Pearson movement correlations analysis was performed to calculate the connection between the cultivation of sorghum and rainfall variability. Additionally, the correlation`s result showed that the annual rainfall and sorghum yield had an unfavorable, negligible association, with a correlation coefficient of -0.3713 and an estimated likelihood of 0.255 at the 7% level.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Climate fluctuation, Ecosystem, Global challenges, Rainfall variability, Sorghum yield, and 5G network.

References :
[1] A.J., Thornton. K.P., Jarvis, A., “Implications of Regional Improvement in Global Climate Models for Agricultural Impact Research.,” Environmental Research Letters, Vol.8, 2006.
[2] Bates M., “Global climate change and Nigerian agriculture: impacts, adaptation and Mitigation,” Journal of SAT Agricultural Research, Vol.7, pp.1-19, 2008.
[3] Aklilu U., Alebachew., “Effects of Climate Change on Maize Production and Potential Adaptation Measures: A Case Study in Jilin Province China.,” Climate Research, Vol.46, pp.23-242, 2009.
[4] Morton. S., “Climate Change Impact on Crop Productivity in the Semi-Arid Tropics of Zimbabwe in the 21st Century.,” Proceedings of the Workshop on Increasing the Productivity and Sustainability of Rain-Fed Cropping Systems of Poor Smallholder Farmers, Tamale, pp.189-198, 2007.
[5] Fischer Brainy, “Farming with Current and Future Climate Risk: Advancing a Hypothesis of Hope for Rainfed Agriculture in the Semi-Arid Tropics.,” Journal of SAT Agricultural Research, Vol.7, pp.1-19, 2001.
[6] Yari H., “FRN., Nigerian Food Security as Influenced by Future Climate Change and Land Use Change at Local to Regional Scales.,” Climatic Change, Vol.110, pp.823-844, 2003.
[7] Robert Z., “URT, United Republic of Tanzania. National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA).,” Division of Environment, Vice President?s Office, Dar es Salaam., 2007.
[8] Rosenzweig R., Hillel., “The Assessment of Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change Impacts in Tanzania.,” The Centre for Energy, Environment, Science and Technology, CEEST, Dar es Salaam., 1995.
[9] Hilary Umyr, “UN International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Climate Change Impact on Agriculture and Costs of Adaptations,” Food Policy Report, Washington DC., 2009.
[10] Mendelsohn N., “Experiments and Data for Model Evaluation and Application. In: Kihara, Eds., Improving Soil Fertility Recommendations in Africa Using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT),” Springer Science + Business Media, Dordrecht, pp.9-18, 2000.
[11] Callaway Hyjburg, “Strategies for Soil-Water Management for Dryland Crop Production in Semi-Arid Tanzania.,” Proceedings of Tanzania Society of Agricultural Engineers, pp.83-97, 1982.
[12] Decker B., “Evaluating Crop Models. In: Wallach, Eds., Working with Dynamic Crop Models Evaluation, Analysis, Parameterization, and Applications,” Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp.11-54, 1986.
[13] Peck P., Pearce R., “the Evaluation and Comparison of Models.,” Journal of climate change, 2005.
[14] Sule, “climate and agriculture,” Geophysical Research, Vol.90, pp.8995-9005, 2007.
[15] Olafin. Ayo, “Climate Change Impacts Assessment,” Global Environmental Change, pp.54- 65, 1980 & 1987.
[16] Rosenzweig I., Parry. O., “Spatial Variation of Crop Yield Responses to Climate Change in East Africa.,” Global Environmental Change, Vol.19, pp.54-65, 1994.
[17] Khotari L., “Crop Simulation Models Can Be Used as Dry-Land Cropping Systems Research Tools.,” Agronomy Journal, Vol.97, pp.378-384, 2004.
[18] Mendelsohn N., “Performance of CERES-Sorghum Model for Rainfed Sorghum Grown on Conserved Soil Moisture.,” Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities, Vol.23, pp.55-57, 1994.
[19] Patil F., Sheelavantar G., “Sensitivity Analysis of CERES- Sorghum Model for Forage Sorghum,” Journal of Agrometeorology, Vol.6, pp.205-214, 2006.
[20] Maddison James, “Global Climate Projections. In: Climate Change 2007,” The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the 3rd Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge., 2007.
[21] Raul G., “IPCC, Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. In: Parry, Eds., Contribution of Working Group II to the 4th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change”, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Vol.976, 2012.
[22] Greenstone F., “impact of climate change on crops,” journal of climatic change, 2007.
[23] Mendelstone N., “Sorghum Yield Prediction from Seasonal Rainfall Forecasts in Burkina Faso.,” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol.148, pp.1798-1814, 2008.
[24] Dinar E., Beach T., “Adverse High Temperature Effects on Pollen Viability, Seed Set, Seed Yield and Harvest Index of Grain-Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Are More Severe at Elevated Carbon Dioxide Due to Higher Tissue Temperature.,” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol.139, pp.237-251, 1998.
[25] Sivakumar V, “Adaptation Assessment for Crop,” Journal of Agriculture, 1992.
[26] Dabi Veronica, “Production in Response to Cli- mate Change in Cameroon.,” Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Vol.29, pp.247-256, 2012.
[27] Ringler Kumar, “Assessment on Vulnerability of Sorghum to Climate Change in India.,” Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, pp.160-169, 2010.
[28] Tobiello A., B. Msongaleli, “Assessing Climate Change Impacts on Sorghum and Millet Yields in the Sudanian and Sahelian.,” Savannas of West Africa. Environmental Research Letters, Vol.8, 2002.
[29] Roberts P., Parks B., “Past, Present and Future Criteria to Breed Crops,” Journal of Agriculture pest and disease, 2007.
[30] Lee Min Ju, “Water- Limited Environments in West Africa.,” Agricultural Water Management, Vol.80, pp.241-261, 2012
[31] Le Treutet, “The Impact of climate change and sorghum production,” Climate change Journal., 2007.
[32] A. Narayanan, "A Comprehensive Examination of Emerging 5G Services: Challenges and Opportunities," University of Minnesota, 2021.
[33] H. Fourati, R. Maaloul, L. Chaari, M. Jmaiel, "Comprehensive survey on self-organizing cellular network approaches applied to 5G networks," Computer Networks, Vol.199, pp.108-435, 2021.
[34] Yuri Bachirawo, “Intergovernmental Panel, on Climate Change,” Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Vol.976., 2011.
[35] Sawa Alex, “Nigerian Food Security as Influenced by Future Climate Change and Land Use Change at Local to Regional Scales.,” Climatic Change, Vol.110, pp.823-844, 2002.
[36] Raul G., Gupta S., “IPCC, Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Panel on Climate Change,” Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Vol.956, 2001.
[37] Raul G., Shamir S., “IPCC, Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Panel on Climate Change,” Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Vol.277, 1996.
[38] Peter Sadiq, “USG CRP, Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Panel on Climate Change,” Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Vol.473, 2009.
[39] Abi Razak, “IFAD, Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Panel on Climate Change,” London University Press, Cambridge, Vol.976, 2008.
[40] RaulG., Salis B, “IPCC, Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Panel on Climate Change,” Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Vol.996, 2002.
[41] Barndon Kate, “NPC, Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Panel on Climate Change,” Newcastle University Press, Cambridge, Vol.976, 2007.
[42] Ojonigu H., “impact of climate change on farm,” climatic change, 1990
[43] Olaniran Hassa, “impact of climate change on Agricultural farmland,” journal of Agriculture, 2002
[44] Ayoade Y, Oyebande I, “Criteria to Breed Crops,”,Journal of Agriculture pest and disease, 1983.
[45] Henry C, “World Bank, Climate Change Impact on Agriculture and Costs of Adaptations”, Food Policy Report, Washington DC., 2001.
[46] Salama M., V. Okafor., “Advancing a “Hypothesis of Hope” for Rainfed Agriculture in the Semi-Arid Tropics.,” Journal of SAT Agricultural Research, Vol.8, pp.5-15, 2003.
[47] Ndabula T., S. Jiduana., “Farming with Current and Future Climate Risk.,” Journal of SAT Agricultural Research, Vol.9, pp.2-17, 2010.
[48] Kloeppingger Todd, S. Sharma., “Harvest Index of Grain-Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Are More Severe at Elevated Carbon Dioxide Due to Higher Tissue Temperature.,” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol.129, pp.247-271, 2010.
[49] Boucher Z., “Adverse High Temperature Effects on Pollen Viability, Seed Set, Seed Yield.,” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol.39, pp.37-25, 2008
[50] Deininger C., A. Ali., “Sorghum Yield Prediction from Seasonal Rainfall Forecasts in Mali.,” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2007.
[51] Foresight J., “Implications of Regional Improvement in Global Climate Models for Agricultural Impact Research.,” Environmental Research Letters, 2011.
[52] Tol. Swernis, “Global Climate Models for Agricultural Impact Research.,” Environmental Research Letters, 2009.
[53] Alex Carolin, “Fao., Implications of Regional Improvement.,” Environmental Research Letters, 1995 & 2008.
[54] Saballos. W., “Effects of Climate Change on Maize,” Climate Research, Vol.6, pp.23-42, 2008.
[55] Oyidi. W., “Potential Adaptation Measures,” Climate Research, Vol.4, pp.22-24, 1976.
[56] Mesfine P., “Farming with Past, Current and Future Climate Risk: Advancing.,” Journal of SAT Agricultural Research, 2005
[57] Ahmad Bitrus, “ICS Nigeria, Impact of climate and adaptation,” Ecosystem and Environment, 2003.
[58] Andrews Ajayi, “Sensitivity Analysis of CERES- Sorghum Model,” Journal of Agrometeorology, 1975.
[59] Chiroma A., “Rainfed Sorghum Grown on Conserved Soil Moisture.,” Journal of Maharas Agricultural Universities, Vol.25, pp.5-7, 2006.
[60] Zaongo O., “Spatial Variation of Crop Yield Responses.,” Global Environmental Change, Vol.20, pp.4-5, 1994.
[61] Hagan K., “Crop Simulation Models,” Agronomy Journal, Vol.7, pp.78-84, 2008.
[62] Ciezey L., A. Eghareus., “Dry-Land Cropping Systems Research Tools.,” Agronomy Journal, Vol.9, pp.37-38, 1987.
[63] Olufajo U., “Strategies for Soil-Water Management for Dryland Crop Production.,” Proceedings of Society of Agricultural Engineers, Vol.4, pp.8-9, 1995.
[64] Bello T., “Strategies for Dryland Crop Production in Semi-Arid.,” Proceedings of Society of Agricultural, Vol.3, pp.80-87, 1999.
[65] Amana B., “Climate Change Impact on Agriculture and Costs of Adaptations,” Food Policy Report, 2008.
[66] Agbede Kilode, “Nigeria. National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA).,” Division of Environment, 2008
[67] Zougmore M., “Climate Change Impact on Crop Productivity in the Semi-Arid Tropics of Nigeria in the 21st Century.,” Proceedings on Increasing the Productivity and Sustainability of Rain-Fed Cropping Systems of Poor Smallholder Farmers, Vol.89, pp.9-8, 2004.