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• Open Access   Article

  Processing Effects on the Chemical and Sensory Evaluation of Breakfast Cereal Produced from Malted, Fermented and Roasted Sorghum and African Yam Bean

  C.N. Nwakalor

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp.62-64, Mar-2020

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  The proximate composition and sensory properties of breakfast cereals (flakes) produced from malted, fermented and roasted sorghum and African yam bean flour were investigated. The seeds of sorghum and African yam bean were obtained and divided into three portions and were processed into malted, fermented and roasted flours respectively. The samples were analyzed for proximate composition. The proximate analysis showed that the protein content of malted sample which had the value 7.36±0.06 was the highest and roasted sample which had the value 5.95±0.01 was the lowest. Roasted sample had the highest fat content with the value 6.98±0.12 and the highest carbohydrate content with the value 72.85±0.03. Fermented sample had the highest moisture content with the value 15.36±0.01 followed by malted sample with the value 15.00±0.06 and the lowest was the roasted sample with the value 10.50±0.10. The sensory scores of the sample showed that roasted sample had the highest overall acceptability with the value 7.90±0.57 followed by fermented sample with the value 6.80±1.68 and the lowest malted sample which had the value 6.20±6.62. The roasted sample had the highest score in all the sensory attributes. The results from these processing methods showed different effect on the proximate and sensory attributes of breakfast cereal produced from sorghum and African yam bean flours.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Sorghum flour, African Yam bean flour, breakfast cereals, proximate composition and sensory Properties

  References
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  Citation
  C.N. Nwakalor , "Processing Effects on the Chemical and Sensory Evaluation of Breakfast Cereal Produced from Malted, Fermented and Roasted Sorghum and African Yam Bean," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.6, Issue.3, pp.62-64, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Maize Grain Yield Using Diluted Cattle Urine Technology

  M.A. Ewenetu and N.M. Ayalew

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp.65-74, Mar-2020

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  The study was conducted at the distance between rows 50 cm and distance between plants 25cm. local maize grain seed were purchased and socked in water for 24 hrs before sown. Germination was started six days after sowing. Treatments (T) were 10:1, 8:1, 6:1, 4:1, 2:1, and 1:1 (water: urine) ratio as well as Urea to DAP (Positive control) and the last; with no urine, DAP & Urea fertilizer (negative control).Treatments (Ts); all having each with three replications respectively were examined. The cattle urine was diluted with water and watered the maize plant morning and evening three times per week up to the end of the harvesting. Average (Ts) plant height was 239.83, 269.5, 279.42, 271.25, 265.67, 260.08, 211.58 and 175.58 cm respectively. Both ear and Plant height; was higher in treatment (T) three which was 6:1 (water to urine ratio) 155.58 and 279.42 cm respectively. Average no of grain/cob was also higher in (Ts) two and three which was 495.67 and 483.92 respectively. In (T2) grain yield no19826.67 was superior from water to urine diluted (Ts). Estimated (Ts) grain yield/ha in quintal was 67.575, 103.49, 104.94, 82.68, 81.22, 101.63, 83.45, and 33.51 respectively. The over all average moisture content of maize grain was 3.66 percent. What has been observed from the trail was that; more diluted water to urine ratio in T 3 and 2 has much privileged maize grain yield than the rest of the treatments. Therefore; the trail has revealed that; water to urine (8 - 6:1) mix has a great blow to maximize productivity of maize grain yield up to 104.94q/ha. In conclusion; cattle urine as nitrogen (N) sources pooled with Ash supplementation of the maize plant has impact to maximize productivity and surrogate Urea and DAP fertilizers.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Ash; Cattle Urine Technology; Maize grain yield; Water Diluted

  References
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  Citation
  M.A. Ewenetu and N.M. Ayalew, "Maize Grain Yield Using Diluted Cattle Urine Technology," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.6, Issue.3, pp.65-74, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Common Grammatical Errors among Non-English Major Teachers

  Reynante I. Enriquez

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp.75-80, Mar-2020

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  The teaching of grammar has been a constant struggle for many teachers in the different parts of the world. This is due to its complexity in form and structure. The inherent problem in the imparting of knowledge about grammar is that teachers have been increasingly poorly prepared for this task and have not been well prepared for the teaching of grammar in their education courses. The aim of this study is to identify and analyse the common grammatical errors of non-English major teachers. The study utilized a grammar test. The grammar test is classified into 3 parts namely Parts of speech 1 and 2, Verb Tenses 1 and 2 and Sentence Structure. The data were analysed using the frequency and Paired T-Test. The finding shows Verb tenses are the most committed grammatical errors by the non-English major teachers with 37.08%, respectively. The results revealed that Non-English major teachers do not know how to turn Positive sentences into negative sentences and not knowing how to formulate WH questions. In the other hand, Pronouns and verbs have the least committed grammatical errors by the non-English major teachers with 0.42%. There is no statistically difference in the common grammatical errors of non-English major teachers when data are grouped according to Elementary and Secondary school teachers. Based on these findings, it is recommended that teachers should be encouraged to have respectful regard for grammar not as an end in itself, but a tool for learning how to communicate clearly and effectively. Teachers must think and speak in English only and somehow avoid L1 if they are teaching subjects that English as the medium of instructions. And administrators should organize seminars or training to teachers in language teaching especially on grammar for the teachers to increase their grammar competency.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Grammar, Errors, Competency, Teachers, Achievements, Learners

  References
  [1] M. Fikron, “Grammatical Competence within L2 Communicative Language, Monitor Hypothesis, and Focus on Forms Instruction”, Pancaran Pendikan, Vol.7,issues1,pp101-112,2018.
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  Citation
  Reynante I. Enriquez, "Common Grammatical Errors among Non-English Major Teachers," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.6, Issue.3, pp.75-80, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Exploratory Study of Self-esteem and Life Satisfaction among Adolescents

  Syed Najmah Jameel, Shawkat Ahmad Shah

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp.81-83, Mar-2020

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  Adolescence is a developmental stage characterized by abrupt physical, cognitive, social and emotional changes. The present study investigated the relationship between self esteem and life satisfaction among adolescents. The study was conducted on sample of 100 adolescents aged between 16 to 19 years. The research instruments used were self esteem scale by Rosenberg and life satisfaction scale by Diener, Emmons, Larsen and Griffin [1, 2]. The objectives of the study were to assess self esteem and life satisfaction and to study the relationship of self esteem and life satisfaction among adolescents. The collected data was analyzed by using descriptive and correlational analysis. The results of the correlational analysis revealed that there is significant positive correlation of self esteem with life satisfaction.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Adolescents, Life satisfaction, Self esteem

  References
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  Citation
  Syed Najmah Jameel, Shawkat Ahmad Shah, "Exploratory Study of Self-esteem and Life Satisfaction among Adolescents," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.6, Issue.3, pp.81-83, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Perception Difference among Leader’s and Follower’s for leadership style and employee performance: Case on Public and Private Banks in India

  Sakshi Sharma, Manju Nair

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp.84-89, Mar-2020

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  The global economy challenges have increased the complexity of creating high performance segment for banking industry. Leader plays an influential role in inspiring employees undergoing changes and in expanding the organizational opportunities by focusing on high-performing employees, but currently leaders are facing a major challenge of retaining talent from employees in the organization. Leaders or managers gets the opportunity to lead, not because of their designation, but because they are anticipated and acknowledged as the leader by their subordinates. Extensive researches had projected that leaders & followers perceived differently about the value of their relationships. At this point, leader’s awareness of the differences in perception of their leading style and what their followers perceive is a critical matter. A huge disagreement exposes the lack of leader’s self-knowledge & poor style, which leads to an adverse organizational milieu. This case would aid leaders to nurture themselves, once they develop awareness about the style, they demonstrate to followers in diverse work surroundings. The purpose of this case is to compare the leadership styles of managers from superior’s perception through self-rating and their follower’s perception through followers rating in public and private banks. The identified leadership styles, were taken from behavioural MLQ taxonomy of Bass (2000). The data of 102 immediate supervisors & 422 subordinates was contained from Banks branch managers & employees respectively. After measuring through statistical t-tests, the outcome shows the significant differences among responses of leaders and subordinates in private banks for transformational and transactional style in comparison to public banks. The outcome of this research study suggests that greater efforts should be placed on development of the company`s leaders` styles from follower’s perception also. Future studies could be measures more consistently on several other leadership styles at different demographic sample, which could carry out optimistic performance from employees.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  supervisor perception, leadership style, follower’s perception, full-range leadership model, multifactor leadership questionnaire

  References
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  Citation
  Sakshi Sharma, Manju Nair, "Perception Difference among Leader’s and Follower’s for leadership style and employee performance: Case on Public and Private Banks in India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.6, Issue.3, pp.84-89, 2020