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• Open Access   Article

  Correlation Between the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale and Neelon Champagne Confusion Scale in Critical Care Units in an Indian Suburban Tertiary Care Hospital

  V. Vasanth Kumar, N. Revathi, K. Sai Sriram

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.9 , pp.70-76, Sep-2020

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  Psychological distress associated with delirium is condition commonly reported in intensive care unit patients, characterized by various environmental, medical and medication related factors. Delirium usually presents as a group of symptoms with an acute onset and a fluctuating course which have been categorized into cognitive and behavioural groups. This is a prospective observational cohort study conducted at Gleneagles Aware Global Hospitals, L.B Nagar, Hyderabad. for a study period of six months. 200 patients admitted with the hospitalization history of more than 24 hours in critical care units were enrolled as study population. Patient data collection form, contains the socio-demographic details of the patients and Observational study Informed Consent form was prepared for patients understanding for agreeing to participate in the study. The correlation and delirium assessment were done using Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) Worksheet and Neelon Champagne Confusion Scale (NEECHAM). In this study, it is concluded that the majority of the delirious patients were assessed to be mild to moderate sedated (96.1%), followed by agitated to irritated (100%) when correlated with P-value <0.0001 (clinically significant). Out of 200 study population, only 126 patients passed the NEECHAM screening criteria. According to NEECHAM scoring, majority were assessed to be moderately confused 95.4% (16-20), followed by severe confusion 100% (11-15) when correlated with delirium (P-value <0.0001), indicating ICU patients are at risk of developing delirium (temporary) within the ICU during the course of hospitalization, which resolves with relevant patient orientated management. From the ?-value –0.7003, there is a significant negative correlation between NEECHAM score and RASS score. When ? is -1, the relationship is said to be perfectly negatively correlated. This negative correlation signifies that as the NEECHAM score decreases, the RASS increase (and vice versa), indicating two different criteria of assessment for the same perceptions of delirium developing in the ICUs are possible.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Correlation, delirium, ICUS, prospective, observational, evidence-based study, CAM-ICU, NEECHAM, intensive care unit, critical care, terminal care

  References
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  Citation
  V. Vasanth Kumar, N. Revathi, K. Sai Sriram, "Correlation Between the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale and Neelon Champagne Confusion Scale in Critical Care Units in an Indian Suburban Tertiary Care Hospital," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.6, Issue.9, pp.70-76, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Multilayer Perceptron Model- A Novel Methodology towards the Advance Determination of Diabetic Retinal Infirmity in Kids

  Rosy Mishra, K. Baishnabi, Lopamudra Sahu, J.S. Amartya Bania

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.9 , pp.77-85, Sep-2020

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  Abstract
  The diabetic retinal infirmity is a very complex as well as chronic disease that affects many people including children. In this paper we have introduced an advance method for the detection of Diabetic retinal infirmity in children (age 1-12). Diabetic retinal infirmity is a type of diabetic complication caused due to increase in blood sugar level {hyperglycemia}, as it weakens and damages the delicate blood vessels present in retina. The early stage of diabetic retinal infirmity doesn’t exhibit any difficulties in vision but later on over time, if it kept untreated the vision level get dwindled accordingly and could leads to poor vision and blindness. It includes symptoms like appearance of dark patches and dots during the vision. Moreover, fogyish and vibrate vision, dark and impaired color visions. Hence proper observation and identification in the initial stage of this disease is indispensable. However, its identification is a tough task for the ophthalmologist. So, in this paper, various images of retina mainly the fundus of eye is examined by the technique of digital image processing done by the MATLAB and employing Multilayer Perceptron Model of artificial neural network (ANN), where by carefully observing the hemorrhages in the rear part of eye(retina), we can get confirmation about the diseases.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Diabetic retinal infirmity, Retina, ANN, Hyperglycemia, MLP, Fuzzy C-means

  References
  [1] A. W. Stitt, T. M. Curtis, M. Chen, R. J. Medina, G. J. McKay, A. Jenkins, et al., "The progress in understanding and treatment of diabetic retinopathy," Journal Progress in retinal and eye research, vol. 51, pp. 156-186, 2016
  [2] Hamood Ali Hamood Al shamaly, E. P. Sumesh , R. Vidhyalavanya , C. Jayakumari “Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using MATLAB,” International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, Volume 8, Issue 11, November 2019.
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  Citation
  Rosy Mishra, K. Baishnabi, Lopamudra Sahu, J.S. Amartya Bania, "Multilayer Perceptron Model- A Novel Methodology towards the Advance Determination of Diabetic Retinal Infirmity in Kids," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.6, Issue.9, pp.77-85, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Forced Migration in Northeast Nigeria: Drivers and Effects on Urban Living

  Kelechi Friday Nkwocha, Mohammed Kaka Shettima, Samuel Oji Iheukwumere, Chukwuma Patrick Nwabudike, Agulue Emmanuel

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.9 , pp.86-92, Sep-2020

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  Abstract
  Since the last decade, forced migrants have littered the city of Maiduguri, with the migrants camped in over 12 IDP camps as well as several host communities within the city. This paper explores the results of a longitudinal study on forced migration as well as its effects in four selected host communities in Maiduguri urban, involving 200 respondents and Interviews schedules with heads of households. From the responses in the questionnaire schedule, 94% of the respondents indicated that both house and shop rents have increased, 4% claimed rents did not increase, while 2% stated that they are unaware. Analysis of traffic congestion in the city indicated that 71% of the respondents acknowledged that traffic congestion in the city affect their daily activities, 23% indicated that there is no traffic congestion in the city while 6% declared that they are unaware. All interviewed forced migrants stated that Boko Haram insurgency was the major cause of their forced migration. Arguing for a better reintegration of the IDP’s in the various host communities, the study recommended more housing units should be built for the middle and low income earners, while existing roads should be expanded.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Migrants, Boko Haram, Maiduguri, Host communities, IDP’s

  References
  [1] M. Trost, E.M. Wanke, D. Ohlendorf, D. Klingelhofer, M. Braun, J. Bauer, D.A. Groneberg, D. Quarcoo, D. Bruggmann, ‘’Immigration: analysis, trends and outlook on the global research activity’’ Journal of Global health. Vol.8. No.1, pp. 1-11, 2018.
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  Citation
  Kelechi Friday Nkwocha, Mohammed Kaka Shettima, Samuel Oji Iheukwumere, Chukwuma Patrick Nwabudike, Agulue Emmanuel, "Forced Migration in Northeast Nigeria: Drivers and Effects on Urban Living," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.6, Issue.9, pp.86-92, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Contributions of Eswatini National Agricultural Union on Small Scale Maize Farmers in Eswatini (Swaziland)

  Ajay S. Singh, Douglas Kibirige, Mhlabane M. Mthobisi

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.9 , pp.93-100, Sep-2020

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  Abstract
  In Eswatini, maize is the major crop grown mostly by smallholder farmers and contributor to the nation food basket. For increased and improved agricultural production and farmers’ livelihood, Eswatini National Agricultural Union was established for improved member farmers’ access to agricultural finance, insurance products and access to other agricultural related services. However, there is limited information about ESNAU’s contribution to farmers’ farm income, hence the study. A total sample of 104 farmers was selected in Hhohho region of Eswatini for this study and respondents were interviewed using a structured question. Descriptive statistics were used to generate results presented in this article. The sampled respondents can be characterised as mostly female (56%) with an average age of 51 years, mostly married (73%), attained high school education (64%), and mostly depend on farming as their source of income having about 11-20 years of farming experience (39%) and cultivating on 1-2 hectares of land. Further findings of the study indicate that ESNAU members access farm input credit were generating more revenues per hectare (E7843.75) compared to non-credit members (E5231.06). The major challenges faced by farmers included low out price, unreliable market, inadequate transport, shortage of government tractors and lack of training in maize production. Based on the suggestions presented in the results by small-scale rural farmers in Hhohho region, this study recommends that in addition to ESNAU efforts to serve farmers, all stakeholders including the government, NGOs, CBOs and farmers have to catalyse policies and programs that target to improve on farmers’ maize market access, increased access to maize input subsidies, improved access to less costly tractor hire services, encourage more research and innovations in maize cultivars, encourage formation of farmers’ cooperatives and more extension services for increased production and incomes among rural small-scale maize farmers.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Maize productivity, Profitability, Agricultural credit, Agricultural training

  References
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  Citation
  Ajay S. Singh, Douglas Kibirige, Mhlabane M. Mthobisi, "Contributions of Eswatini National Agricultural Union on Small Scale Maize Farmers in Eswatini (Swaziland)," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.6, Issue.9, pp.93-100, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Growth Kinetic Models for Algae: Revealing a Light Factor

  P. Singh, R.N. Singh

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.9 , pp.101-106, Sep-2020

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  Abstract
  Biodiesel production from Microalgae has received collective attention as one of the alternative energy sources. Growth kinetic models are needed to provide an understanding of microalgal growth so that cultivation conditions can be optimized. This review focused on overview of the present growth kinetic models for microalgae cultivation. The existing models were compiled and considering a light factor. There is a requirement for appropriate assimilation of light and temperature in the growth model.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  kinetics, light intensity, maximum specific growth rate

  References
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  [4] Q. Bechet, A. Shilton, B. Guieysse. “Modeling the effects of light and temperature on algae growth: state of the art and critical assessment for productivity prediction during outdoor cultivation”, Biotechnology Advances, vol 31, issue 8, pp. 1648-1663, 2013.
  [5] Manjunatha S.S, S.T. Girisha, “Isolation and Screening of Chlorella Sorokiniana for Wastewater Treatment and Biodiesel Production” International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, Vol. 6, Issue.2, pp.59-67, 2019.
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  Citation
  P. Singh, R.N. Singh, "Growth Kinetic Models for Algae: Revealing a Light Factor," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.6, Issue.9, pp.101-106, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Paradox of Villagization, In Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia

  T.T. Labiso

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.6 , Issue.9 , pp.107-115, Sep-2020

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The study aimed to assess and explore the paradox of villagization in Beninshangul-Gumuz regional state, Ethiopia. The study employed mixed research method. The research employed descriptive research design on the paradox of the villagization program. Both quantitative and qualitative techniques of data analysis or binary logistic regression supported by SPSS version 21 were carried out. The government and non-government officials with the sufficient awareness of the program also took part in this study as key informants and discussants. The data was collected using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, observation and document review. Those who previously lacked or had a limited access to educational service can now go to school without walking any significant distance. The study showed that some promised social services such new schools, health centers and farming training centers were not provided. Villagization is susceptible to various problems in terms of implementation and also poses obstacles to the well-being of the relocated populations. It urges service providers to reconsider the issue of basic services and provide additional ones to the relocated people. The policies or programs of villagization should have clearly set standards and guidelines which must be followed during implementation so as to benefit the people to the fullest.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Relocation, Paradox, nucleated settlement, villagization

  References
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  Citation
  T.T. Labiso, "Paradox of Villagization, In Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.6, Issue.9, pp.107-115, 2020