Volume-8 , Issue-9 , Sep 2022, ISSN 2454-9312 (Online), 2454-6143 (Print) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  A Detailed Analytical Study of Terrorism and Counterterrorism in South Asia

  M. Mukherjee

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp.68-74, Sep-2022

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  Abstract
  Terrorism, an international threat, is a never-ending topic of discussion and debate. The threat seems to have its source primarily in the Greater Middle Eastern regions. To analyse the concept of terrorism, it is important to comprehend it thoroughly. It requires understanding the miscreant but not necessarily sympathising with them. This paper tries to analyse the root causes of terrorism by first tracing the origin of the term and its history. A humble effort has been made to venture into the causes that motivate terror inspired activity. If the basis for the same is deciphered, then proper ways of curbing it can also be identified. Group ideology, besides religious motivation, acts as an extremely motivating factor in such cases. A peek into the various terror groups operating in these regions have also been undertaken. The strained relation between the East and the West along with the U.S. intervention has aggravated the causes boosting terrorism. Counterterrorism policies need to be carefully implemented to understand and end this menace from its roots.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Terrorism, Greater Middle East, Group ideology, U.S. intervention, Counterterrorism

  References
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  Citation
  M. Mukherjee, "A Detailed Analytical Study of Terrorism and Counterterrorism in South Asia," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.9, pp.68-74, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Flowering and Fruiting Pattern among Five Cashews (Anacardium occidentale L) Biotypes

  Baba Nitsa M., Ayegboyin K.O., Idrisu M., Ugioro O., Mustapha K., Magaji M.

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp.75-79, Sep-2022

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  Abstract
  Fruit production in cashew varied among trees and from side to side. In light of this, five cashew biotypes were selected to ascertain the level of floral and fruit production among them. The canopy of selected trees was divided into four cardinal points: north, south, east, and west. Data on floral, fruit production traits and panicle length were recorded every two days. The southern side of the canopy had the longest panicle length (15.53), the highest sex ratio male (65.48), hermaphrodite (64.08), the highest fruit set (8.35), the highest floral count (129.56), and the highest fruit retained (3.45). Maximum fruit drop was observed at the western side of all the trees exception of Indian large and Indian small. The northern side of the trees had the fewest hermaphrodite floral and the least amount of fruit fallen, excluding Brazilian large and Indian madras. Regardless of biotype, the northern side had significantly lower fruit set and fruit retention. Indian madras had the smallest panicle length (14.85), but had the highest male (58.30), and hermaphrodite floral (60.77), floral sex ratio (1.07), total number of floral (120.33), fruit set (8.08), fruit held (3.00), with moderate fruit fallen (5.08). Indian madras had proven to be of high yielding biotype and should be planted alongside with other biotypes to increase their fruiting ability.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Cashew biotypes, cardinal positions, flora sex ratio and fruiting traits

  References
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  Citation
  Baba Nitsa M., Ayegboyin K.O., Idrisu M., Ugioro O., Mustapha K., Magaji M., "Flowering and Fruiting Pattern among Five Cashews (Anacardium occidentale L) Biotypes," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.9, pp.75-79, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Identification of Different Human Actions through Smart Phone Data

  Deep Kumar Bangotra

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp.80-84, Sep-2022

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  Abstract
  The identification of various human activities utilising data generated from a user`s smart phone is presented in this study. This study uses data from the University of California Machine Learning Repository to identify six human activities. These actions include lying down, sitting down, standing up, walking, and walking both upstairs and downstairs. The Samsung Galaxy S II smart phone`s inbuilt gyroscope, accelerometer, and other sensors are used to gather the data. To arrange the training and testing data sets, the data is randomly split into 7:3 ratios. The Principal Component Analysis method is used to reduce the dimensions of the data. Different Machine Learning models, such the Artificial Neural Network, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Support Vector Machine, are used to categorise activity. Using a confusion matrix and random simulation, a comparative examination of these models` performance and accuracy has been presented in this research paper.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Random Forests, Artificial Neural Networks, k-Nearest Neighbor, Human Activity Recognition, Support Vector Machine, Principal Component Analysis.

  References
  [1] A. M. Khan, Y. K. Lee, S. Y. Lee, and T. S. Kim, “A triaxial accelerometer-based physical-activity recognition via augmented-signal features and a hierarchical recognizer,” IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 1166–1172, 2010.
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  [5] J. Lester, T. Choudhury, and G. Borriello, “A practical approach to recognizing physical activities,” Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 3968 LNCS, pp. 1–16, 2006.
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  [13] B. V. Dasarathy, “Nearest neighbor (NN) norms?: nn pattern classification techniques,” p. 447, 1991.
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  Citation
  Deep Kumar Bangotra, "Identification of Different Human Actions through Smart Phone Data," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.9, pp.80-84, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Social Exclusion of Dalit Children in Contemporary Society

  Apeksha Kumari, Prashant Chaudhry

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp.85-89, Sep-2022

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  Abstract
  In India, the prevailing caste system creates the channel of connecting the people with one another. Even after 70 years of Independence, caste system still continues to determine the nature of social relationship between various communities. It still continues as an institutionalized system to determine do and don’ts for the entire society. In our society mostly people belonging to the scheduled caste community are facing the consequences of caste system in all walks of their life. Caste is one of the oldest and most persistent forms of stratification and results in discrimination based on ascribed status differentiations. Caste based exclusion and stratification is traditionally based on Hindu religion and is sustained by religious ideologies. The interactions and interrelations between the different upper and lower caste is regulated by privileges and burdens accorded according to one’s position in caste based hierarchy. Traditionally, the forced enforcement of caste based norms related to social, economic, educational, cultural etc. have adversely impacted the day-today life of lower caste communities. The present study is based on literature review of studies conducted on exclusion of lower caste children in social, educational, civic amenities, peer relations etc. The focus of the present study to the explore causes and consequence of the caste instigated practices and behaviours faced by children of lower caste communities. The nature of present study is explorative and descriptive. The rationale of the present study is to prepare a roadmap for building the capabilities and capacities of the lower class children to deal with the negative consequences of casted based exclusion on their personal and professional life. The present study would also suggest inclusion strategies for lower caste children in the mainstream society.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Caste, Discrimination, Scheduled Caste, Social Exclusion, Dalit

  References
  [1]. Thorat Sukhadeo and Katherine S. Newman, Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences and Remedies Economic and Political Weekly Vol. 42, No. 41 , pp. 4121-4124, 2007.
  [2]. Ramachandran Vimala and Taramani Naorem, Dalit children in Rural India: Issues Related to Exclusion and Deprivation, Working Paper Series, Vol III, Nov 5, Indian Institute of Dalit studies 2009
  [3]. Ramachandran, Vimala and Taramani Naorem, Inclusion and exclusion of students in the school and in classrooms in primary and upper primary schools: A qualitative study commissioned by SSA, MHRD, GOI. Technical Support Group, EdCIL, New Delhi, 2012
  [4]. Sedwal, M., and S. Kamat. "Education and social equity with a special focus on scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in elementary education. Consortium for Research on Educational Access, Transitions and Equity (CREATE); 2008.
  [5]. Geeta B Nambissan, Exclusion and discrimination in schools : experiences of dalit children, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies and UNICEF, New Delhi, 2009.
  [6]. Constitution of India | HAQ : Centre for Child Rights (haqcrc.org)

  Citation
  Apeksha Kumari, Prashant Chaudhry, "Social Exclusion of Dalit Children in Contemporary Society," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.9, pp.85-89, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Applying Motion Sensor Data from Diverse Mobile Devices to Generate Pure Random Numbers

  Deep Kumar Bangotra

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp.90-92, Sep-2022

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  Abstract
  The random numbers have inherent susceptibility to be reverse engineered. Therefore, the production of pseudorandom numbers is not a completely reliable process. In anyway, random number generators should not employ a seed value and should produce unpredictably generated numbers. This paper presents a way for building a pure random number generator that is highly effective, modern, and impossible to reverse-engineer. Additionally, it does not require the installation of any special equipment. It can be used to meet the needs of any user and has a lower processing complexity. In this paper, we make use of information gathered from several mobile motion sensor devices. After combining the data, an algorithm is run through it to produce a data entropy pool with a list of random values. Then, in order to generate random numbers in the appropriate range, a pseudo random number generation process is utilised with this pure random data set as a seed. Since modern smartphones are well-equipped with sensors, this solution did not require any specialised hardware.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Pure random number generation, Reduced Complexity, Algorithm.

  References
  [1] Intel ® Digital Random Generator Generat or (DRNG), Revision 1. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.intel.com/content/dam/develop/external/us/en/documents/441-intel-r-drng-software-implementation-guide-final-aug7.pdf, 2012.
  [2] “Quantum Random Number Generation (QRNG) - ID Quantique.” [Online]. Available: https://www.idquantique.com/random-number-generation/overview/. [Accessed: 08-Oct-2022].
  [3] C. Tokunaga, D. Blaauw, and T. Mudge, “True Random Number Generator With a Metastability-Based Quality Control,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 78–85, 2008.
  [4] Z. Huang and H. Chen, “A truly random number generator based on thermal noise,” International Conference on ASIC, Proceedings, pp. 862–864, 2001.
  [5] S. Buchovecka, R. Lorencz, F. Kodytek, and J. Bucek, “True Random Number Generator Based on ROPUF Circuit,” Proceedings - 19th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design, DSD 2016, pp. 519–523, 2016.

  Citation
  Deep Kumar Bangotra, "Applying Motion Sensor Data from Diverse Mobile Devices to Generate Pure Random Numbers," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.9, pp.90-92, 2022