Volume-11 , Issue-1 , Jan 2025, ISSN 2454-9312 (Online), 2454-6143 (Print) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  An Analysis of Water Security Impediments in the Drylands Region of Nigeria: A Review of Yobe State, Nigeria

  Ejeh Lawrence Udeh, Simon Stephen Mshelia, Elisha Ikpe

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp.86-94, Jan-2025

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Water is a vital component of the environment, essential for human consumption, agriculture, industry, and domestic use. Therefore, water security is crucial, particularly in dryland regions like Yobe State, Nigeria. This study examined the impediments to water security in Yobe State, Nigeria, employing a comprehensive review of existing literature, surveys, interviews, and field observations. The findings revealed that the region faces severe water insecurity due to climate change, poor infrastructure, over-extraction of water resources, pollution, land degradation, population growth, and urbanization. To address these challenges, the study recommends adopting Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and provides a foundation for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders to develop targeted strategies for improving water security in Yobe State and other dryland regions in Nigeria.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Water security, dry land, impediments, climate change, land degradation, pollution

  References
  [1] E.U, Lawrence, S.S. Mshelia, “Effects of Physicochemical Parameters on River Jakara Water Quality in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria”. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology. Vol.18, Issue.12, pp.38-46, 2024.
  [2] S.S. Mshelia, A. Dadan-Garba, Y.A. Mbaya, L. Bulama, L. “Assessment of Seasonal Variations of Heavy Metals and Microbial Parameters on Well Water Quality in Urban Centre, Effluent Locations and Non-Effluent Location of Kano Metropolis, Nigeria”. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. Vol.28, Issue.5, pp.1573 – 1581, 2024
  [3] WHO/UNICEF, Joint Monitoring Programme Update Report, UNICEF joint monitoring-programme, Geneva, pp.78-101, 2023.
  [4] World Bank. “Water Resources Management Report” Geneva, pp.234-267, 2022.
  [5] M.G. Uddin, S. Nash, A.I. Olbert, “A review of water quality index models and their use for assessing surface water quality”. Ecological Indicators, Vol.1, Issue.1, pp122, 2020.
  [6] S.S. Mshelia, P.U. Ogar, A. Reigns, A.B. Oyetunji, “Environmental and Health Effects of Climate Change in Kaduna Metropolis. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research (Sciences, Technology and Engineering).” Vol.6, Issue.12, pp.100 – 113. 2020.
  [7] M. Capocelli, M. Prisciandaro, V. Piemonte, D. Barba, “A technical economical approach to promote the water treatment & amp; reuse processes.” Journal of Cleaner Production” Vol.207, pp.85–96, 2019.
  [8] H.A, Audu, I.A. Jajere, S.S. Mshelia, M. Suleiman, “Productivity and Utilization of Fuelwood Resources in the Southern Part of Yobe State, Nigeria.” International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations. Vol.12, Issue.2, pp.26-37. 2024.
  [9] UN-WATER, “UN-Water: Analytical Brief Wastewater Management. Available from: UN Water Analytical Brief Wastewater Management” 2017.
  [10] A.M. Panara, “Water Reuse: Potential for Expanding the Nation’s Water Supply through Reuse of Municipal Wastewater”. in IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference. 2018
  [11] UNESCO, “International Intiative on Water Quality (IIWQ); The Global Water Quality Challenge and SDQs.” 2019.
  [12] S.S. Mshelia, L. Bulama, “Concentration and Comparison of Groundwater Quality in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria”, Brit. Journal of Environmental Science, Vol.11, Issue.2, pp.23-35. 2023.
  [13] Global water security: “Lessons learnt and long-term implications. Singapore: World Water Council.” 2018.
  [14] UN-Water, “The United Nations World Water Development Report: Leaving No One Behind” UN World Water day reports, Geneva. 2019.
  [15] S.S. Mshelia, I.A. Uba, G. Emmanuel, Y.A. Mbaya, “Evaluation of the Impacts of Wastewater on Environmental Quality in Gashua, Bade Local Government Area, Yobe State, Nigeria”. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research. Vol. 7, Issue 8, pp. 40-53. 2021.
  [16] M. Koch, M. M. Thomaas, “Water Resources Assessment and Management in Drylands.” Water, 8, 239, 2016.
  [17 UN-Waters, “Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 6 Synthesis Report. 2023.
  [18] L. Gupper, K. Anderson, “Water Crisis Report”; United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health: Hamilton, ON, Canada. 2021
  [19] A.K. Biswas, C. Tortajada, “Water quality management: A globally neglected issue.” International Journal on Water Resources Dev. 35, Issue. 6, pp. 913–916. 2019.
  [20] L.C `Stringer LC, Mirzabaev A, Benjamninsen TA. Haris. RMB, Jafari M, Lissner, Cristina, T-von, “Climate change impacts on water security in global drylands” One Earth, Science Direct, Elsevier Inc. 851 – 864.
  [21] B.K. Mishra, P. Kumar, C. Saraswat, C.S. Chakraborty, A. Gautam, “Water Security in a Changing Environment: Concept, Challenges and Solutions”. Water, Vol. 13. pp. 490. 2021.
  [22] S. Ale, R.D. Harmel, A.P. Nejadhashemi, K.C. DeJonge, S. Irmak, I. Chaubey, K. R. Douglas-Mankin, “Global water security: Current research and priorities for action.” Article in Transactions of the ASABE, Journal of American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, Vol. 1, Issues. 1. 2020.
  [23 J.K. Mukole, “Water resources management for agricultural growth in dry lands in developing countries.” African Journal of Water Conservation and Sustainability Vol. 7, Issue 3, pp. 001-010, 2019.
  [24] O. Omunakweb, K. Onyekweredikea, A. Molunoc, C. Ezugwua, I. Wokomac, P. Akpand, S. Anyaechec, A. Oloyedec, “Cost-Effective Solution to Water Scarcity in Dryland Environments using Sand Dam Charles Ezugwua”. Jurnal Kejuruteraan, Vol. 35, Issue 2, pp. 383-390, 2023.
  [25] A.K. Gain, C. Giupponi, Y. Wada, “Measuring global water security towards sustainable development goals.” Environmental Resources Lett. Vol. 11, pp. 124015, 2016.
  [26] Nigerian Meteorological Agency, NiMET, Quarterly Weather Report, 1, Issue. 3. pp.1-25. 2024.
  [27] N. Umar, A. Gray, A, “Flooding in Nigeria: a review of its occurrence and impacts and approaches to modeling flood data”, International Journal of Environmental Studies, UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 23. 2022.
  [28] H. Haider, “Climate change in Nigeria: Impacts and responses.” K4D Helpdesk Report 675. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies. 2018.
  [29] I. Elisha, B.A. Sawa, E.U. Lawrence, “Evidence of climate change and adaptation strategies among grain farmers in Sokoto State, Nigeria.” IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, Vol. 11, Issue.3, pp.1-7. 2017.
  [30] N.E. Ebele, N.V. Emodi, “Climate change and its impact in Nigerian economy”. Journal of Scientific Research & Reports, Vol.10, Issue.6, pp.1-13. 2016.
  [31] O.A. Olaniyi, Z. O. Ojekunle, B.T. Amujo, B.T. “Review of climate change and its effect on Nigeria ecosystem”. International Journal of African and Asian Studies, Vol.1, Issue.1. pp.57-65. 2013.
  [32] S.S. Mshelia, “Seasonal Variations of Sewage Loads of Heavy Metals and Microbial Parameters on River Jakara, Kano Metropolis, Nigeria”. International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies. Vol.10, Issue 1, pp.01-08. 2024a
  [33] J. Thompson, H. Halifax, Z. Need, C. Norris, D. Royer, “Climate Change: Enhancing Federal Resilience” Extreme-Weather, Vol.22, pp.106-161, 2023.
  [34] IPCC, “Climate Change Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change” [Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K and Reisinger, A. (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 104 , 2007.
  [35] International Energy Association IEA, “World energy outlook 2009”. International Energy Association (IEA), Paris. 2009.
  [36] S.S. Mshelia, “Assessment of Wastewater Management in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria”. International Journal for Research Trends in Social Sciences & Humanities. Vol.2, Issue.1, pp.1-18, 2024b
  [37] J. Davies, S. Barchiesi, C.J. Ogali, R. Welling, J. Dalton, P. Laban, “Water in drylands: Adapting to scarcity through integrated management”. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. pp.44. 2016.
  [38] O.A. Bashir, A. Reigns, P.U. Ogar. S.S. Mshelia, “Population dynamics to urban spaces needs in one of Africa’s largest Cities: Abuja, the Federal Capital City of Nigeria”. Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, Vol.4, Issue.10, pp.124 – 130, 2021.
  [39] J. Davies, L. Poulsen, B. Schulte-Herbrüggen, K. Mackinnon, N. Crawhall, W.D. Henwood, N. Dudley, J. Smith, M. Gudka, “Conserving Dryland Biodiversity.” IUCN – Drylands Initiative, Nairobi. 2012.
  [40] M. Majumder, “Impact of Urbanization on Water Shortage in Face of Climatic Aberrations”; Springer Briefs in Water Science and Technology; Springer: Singapore; pp.98. 2015
  [41] United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Global Environmental Outlook 2000. UNEP: Nairobi, Kenya UNEP (n.d.) Selected Case Studies. 2000.
  [42] A. O’Neil, “Urbanization and Poverty in Nigeria from 2010 – 2022”. Statistical. 2023
  [43] D. Grey, C.W. Sadoff, “Sink or Swim? Water security for growth and development”. Water Policy. Vol.9, Issue.6, pp.545–571. 2007.
  [44] UNEP “Integrated Water Resources Management in Action”. WWAP, DHI Water Policy, UNEP-DHI Centre for Water and Environment. 2009.
  [45] A.L. Burrell, J.P. Evans, M.G. De Kauwe, “Anthropogenic Climate Change has driven over 5 Million Km2 of Drylands towards Desertification”. Nat. Commun. Vol. 11, pp. 3853, 2015.
  [46] Asian Water Development Outlook (AWDO). Strengthening Water Security in Asia and the Paci?c. 2016.

  Citation
  Ejeh Lawrence Udeh, Simon Stephen Mshelia, Elisha Ikpe, "An Analysis of Water Security Impediments in the Drylands Region of Nigeria: A Review of Yobe State, Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.11, Issue.1, pp.86-94, 2025

• Open Access   Article

  Harnessing Wind Energy for Power Generation in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

  Orumgbe Chukwuekum, Ajoko Tolumoye John, Tuaweri Tolumoye Johnnie

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp.95-101, Jan-2025

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Sustainable power generation in any economy is the powerhouse to foster developmental innovation, productivity and industrialization to a country. Hence, scouting for green and cleaner energy source is the concern for contemporary research. Therefore, it is essential to harness wind energy for power generation in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria been surrounded with coastline where wind is naturally abundant. The research was carried out in the Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State with full use of its Weather House facilities. Data analysis for six (6) years average wind velocity was obtained. The evaluated average wind velocity of 4.8m/s was used as the design-based specification for a modelled aerofoil blade. The process is followed by wind tunnel experimentation with the modelled aerofoil blade in other to determine its aerodynamic properties. Results obtained were lift and drag coefficients of 0.731 and 0.439, a glide ratio of 0.25 and an output power generation of 134.6W all at 15° angle of attack. A confirmed zero bending moment was obtained from the graphical analysis of bending moment against wind velocity. This affirms the symmetric nature of the aerofoil, balancing and stabilising it at its design point. All these concepts are in conformity with the reviewed literature.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Aerofoil, Angle of Attack, Drag Coefficient, Lift Coefficient, Pitch Angle, Wind Energy, Wind Tunnel, Wind Velocity.

  References
  [1] S. O. Oyedepo, “Energy and sustainable development in Nigeria: the way forward”, Energy, Sustainability and Society - Springer Journals, Vol. 2, Issue 15, pp. 1–17, 2012.
  [2] P. Ramchandra and D. Boucar, Green Energy and Technology. Springer, London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York, 2011.
  [3] E. C. Chinwuko, C. O. Mgbemena, P. S. Aguh, and W. S. Ebhota, “Electricity Generation and Distribution in Nigeria: Technical Issues and Solutions”, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), Vol. 3, Issue 11, pp. 7934- 7941, 2011.
  [4] J. O. Makoju, “A Presentation to the Presidency on Power Sector Status. Issues and way forward”, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp. 230-287, 2007.
  [5] O. Folorunso and T. O. Olowu, “The Nigeria Power System till Date: A Review”, International Journal of Advance Foundation and Research in Science and Engineering, Vol. 1, Issue 5, pp. 20-33, 2014.
  [6] O. C. Iwuamadi and D. O. Dike, “Empirical Analysis of Productivity of Nigeria Power Sector”, Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 3, Issue 4, pp. 24-38, 2012.
  [7] O. L. Okoro and E. Chikuni, “Power Sector Reforms in Nigeria: Opportunities and Challenges”, Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, Vol. 18, Issue 3, pp.52-57, 2007.
  [8] H. O. Onyi-Ogelle, “The Implications of Legal Reform in the Nigeria Power Sector. African Research Review”, An International Multi-Disciplinary Journal, Vol. 10, Issue 3, pp.279-289. 2016.
  [9] A. H. Sule, “Major Factors Affecting Electricity Generation, Transmission and Distribution in Nigeria”, International Journal of Engineering and Mathematical Intelligence, Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp.159-164, 2010.
  [10] E. Omorogiuwa and E. E. Okpo, “PV. Diesel Hybrid Power System for a Small Village in Nigeria”, International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering Technology, Vol. 1, Issue 4, pp.71-77, 2015.
  [11] S. O. Onohaebi and E. Omorogiuwa, “Smart Grid and Energy Management in Nigeria Integrated Power System”, International Journal of Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. 3, Issue 6, pp.732-737, 2014.
  [12] P. I. Obi, J. A. Ulasi, K. J. Offor and G. C. Chidolue, “Improving Electric Power Quality in Nigeria Existing 330kV 28 Bus Electric Power Systems using Static Var Compensator System”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 8, pp.1060-1066, 2013.
  [13] V. K. Abanihi, S. O. Ikheloa and F. Okodede, “Overview of the Nigerian Power Sector”, American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), Vol. 7, Issue 5, pp.253-263, 2018.
  [14] P. J. Schubel and R. J. Crossley, “Wind turbine blade design”, Energies, Vol. 5, Issue 9, pp.3425-3449, 2012.
  [15] N. S. Farha-Khanam, “Performance Improvement of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine by Using Modified Blade of NACA 5510”. International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJARSET), Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp.1575-1580, 2016.
  [16] A. J. Balasem and S. Narsimhulu, “Design and Modeling of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade”, “National Conference on Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 16-17th March, 2012. MED, UCE, OU, Hyderabad, AP-500007, pp.1-6, 2012.
  [17] T. J. Ajoko, “Blade Element Momentum Theory in Wind Turbine Blade Design”, Int’l Research Journal in Engineering, Science and Technology (IREJEST), Vol. 13, Issue 1, pp.28-34, 2016.
  [18] P. Hardik and D. Sanat, “Performance Prediction of Horizontal Axial Wind Turbine Blade”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 5, 2013.
  [19] T. V. Miguel, V. D. C. Marcelino, A. F. Juan, A. M. P. Luis and T. E. Guilibaldo, “Design and Experimentation of a 1 MW Horizontal Axial Wind Turbine”, Journal of Power and Energy Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp.9-16, 2014.
  [20] K. Krzysztof, “High Performance Sailplane Design Strategy Using Inverse Design and Optimization Techniques. Inverse Problems”, Design and Optimization Symposium Miami, Florida, U.S.A., April 16-18. 2007.
  [21] K. Emrah and Y. Nadir, “HAWT Rotor Design and Performance Analysis”, ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability, San Francisco, California, USA, July 19–23, Vol. 2, pp.1019-1029, 2009.
  [22] T. Vogeltanz, “Application for Calculation of Mean Aerodynamic Chord of Arbitrary Wing Planform”, American Institute of Physics, doi: 10.1063/1.4951901, 120018-1 - 120018-4, 2016.

  Citation
  Orumgbe Chukwuekum, Ajoko Tolumoye John, Tuaweri Tolumoye Johnnie, "Harnessing Wind Energy for Power Generation in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.11, Issue.1, pp.95-101, 2025