Assessment of Efficacy of OTC Medication in Pain Management on Musculoskeletal Disorders among Adults from Selected Rural areas of central Karnataka: A Pharmacoepidemiological Study

Ravi Chandra Yadav¹ , Shankar Reddy²

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.5 , Issue.10 , pp.5-9, Oct-2019

Online published on Oct 31, 2019

Copyright © Ravi Chandra Yadav, Shankar Reddy . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

View this paper at   Google Scholar | DPI Digital Library

XML View     PDF Download

How to Cite this Paper

Abstract :
Background: Medicines are important for treating diseases and they are responsible for improving the populations QOL. People may well continue to use OTC medicines extensively and inappropriately to mask severe symptoms and maintain function in their daily lives. Indiscriminate use of OTC medicines might cause health risks and abuse of these medications is a national issue. Methodology: This was a Prospective observational study in which selection of subjects is based on random sampling method subjects of different rural areas are included. Informed consent form will be provided to subjects with a brief explanation about study and its importance in local language. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: A total of 103 subjects were enrolled on the basis of randomized sampling in the study. Analgesic OTC usage pattern was common issue in literates as well as lliterates, the patterns of usage of these medications were observed to be more in workers than non-workers. There is no relation between sleep and hangover with alcohol intake. But the hang over is due to only analgesic intake. 4 subjects associated with CV problems which may be attributed either to NSAID usage or other conditions. Conclusion: The study concludes that workers are more prone to use analgesic OTC medications. Even though there is an option of home remedy subjects are still relaying directly on medications. CV risks associated with NSAID medications have observed but there is no clear evidence

Key-Words / Index Term :
OTC, Analgesics, Patient Education, CV, NSAID, QOL

References :
[1]. www.williamoslerquotes.com
[2]. World Health Organization. WHO Drug Information Vol. 14, No. 1, 2000: General Policy Issues: The Benefits and Risks of Self Medication. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2000.
[3]. National Institute of Drug Abuse. (2011). Prescription drug abuse and addiction. Retrieved from http://drugabuse.gov/PDF/ RRPrescription.pdf
[4]. Domingues P, Galvão T, Andrade K, Araújo P, Silva M. Prevalence and associated factors of self-medication in adults living in the Federal District, Brazil: a cross-sectional, population-based study. Epidemiol. Serv. Saude, Brasília. 2017;26(2).
[5]. Townsend A, Backman CL, Adam P, et al. BMJ Open 2013;3:e002164. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002164
[6]. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2007 national survey on drug use and health: National results. Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Applied Studies, 2008.
[7]. World Health Organization. The Role of the Pharmacist in Self- Care and Self-Medication. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 1998.
[8]. Hughes CM, McElnay JC, Fleming GF. Benefits and risks of self medication. Drug Saf 2001;24(14):1027–37
[9]. World Health Organization. The role of the pharmacist in self-care and self-medication [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1998 [cited 2016 Dec 13]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/pdf/whozip32e/whozip32e.pdf
[10]. Albers GW, Amarenco P, Easton JD, Sacco RL, Teal P (2004) Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke. Chest 126:483S–512S.
[11]. Marak A, Borah M, Bhattacharyya H, Talukdar K. A cross-sectional study on self-medication practices among the rural population of Meghalaya. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health ,2016;5(6):1134-38.
[12]. Meenambal S, Geetha KM, Raadhika KM, Parameswari RM. A Questionnaire Based Study for the Evaluation of over the Counter Usage of Analgesic Drugs among Diabetic Industrial Worker’s in Madurai. International Journal of Science and Research,2015;6(6):295-98.
[13]. Jain P, Ajay A, Singla RK, Agrawal.P. Statistical Study on Self Medication Pattern in Haryana, India. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2012; 2(1): 21-35.
[14]. Manohar HD, Manohar HL. Impact of Knowledge and Attitude on Practices of Over the Counter Medications. International Conference on Operations Excellence and Service Engineering,2015:10-11.
[15]. Tannir MA, Harbi AA, Mutiri NA, Juwaie MA, Altannir YM. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Self-Medication with Prescription Drugs among Saudi Adults. International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archives,2015; 6(5): 26- 31.
[16]. Nissen SE, Yeomans ND, Solomon DH, et al; PRECISION Trial Investigators. Cardiovascular safety of celecoxib, naproxen, or ibuprofen for arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(26):2519-2529.
[17]. Hersh EV, Pinto A, Moore PA. Adverse Drug Interactions Involving Common Prescription and Over-the-Counter Analgesic Agents. Clinical Therapeutics,2007;29:1-21