Experimentation and Design Analysis of Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor for Kano Abattoir

A.E. Isiyaku¹ , M. Godfrey²

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.21-28, Feb-2020

Online published on Feb 28, 2020

Copyright © A.E. Isiyaku, M. Godfrey . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

View this paper at   Google Scholar | DPI Digital Library

XML View     PDF Download

How to Cite this Paper

Abstract :
The study determines the treatment of Kano abattoir wastewater to provide a sustainable wastewater treatment mechanism, energy recovery through biogas production and integrating an anaerobic digestion plant for the abattoir. Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (ASBR) was chosen and explored for the treatment of the abattoir wastewater. The ASBR was subjected to a preliminary phase of 120 days and activated phase for 60 days at a HRT of 16 h. The pilot scale experiment showed that the average biogas production was 0.39L/d while laboratory analysis results for the abattoir wastewater treatment showed that suspended solid (SS) removal efficiency was 10%. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Fats removal efficiencies were 56%, 88% and 65.6% respectively. The proposed ASBR plant for the case study was designed to correspond to three-tank system for domestic wastewater treatment which included primary clarification before ASBR treatment and a sludge digester for primary and excess sludge. Each one of the three anaerobic sequencing batch reactors had the total volume of 150 m3 and has the same treatment capacity. Cycle time of 24 h was considered for each reactor, while reacting time was calculated to be 13.2 h at a flow rate of 5.6 m3/h. Kano abattoir have an average of 250 cattle, 43 camels, 173 sheep and 210 goats being slaughtered per day in the abattoir from 2009 till date, the quantity of influent generated was found to be 416 m3 per day and 151,480 m3 per year. However, ASBR will serves as sustainable wastewater treatment for Kano abattoir.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (ASBR); Abattoir Wastewater Treatment; Anaerobic Digestion; Biogas Production; Kano abattoir

References :
[1] Adeniran,A.K, Ahaneku, I.E., Itodo, I.N and Rohjy, H.A, “Relative effectiveness of biogas production using poultry wastes and cow dung”. Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal .16(1): pp. 126-132, 2014
[2] Adeoti, O, Ilori, M.O., Oyebisi, T.O. & Adekoya, L.O. “Engineering design and economic evaluation of a family-sized biogas project in Nigeria”. Technovation, 20 (2), pp. 103–108, 2000.
[3] Aiyuk, S, Forrez, I., Lieven, D.K., van Haandel, A. & Verstra¬ete, W., “Anaerobic and complementary treatment of domestic sewage in regions with hot climates—A review”. Bioresource technology, 97 (17), pp. 2225–2241, 2006.
[4] Andres, H., Hu, Z., Snowling, S., and Schraa, O, “Model-Based Optimum Design of Sequencing Batch Reactors for COD and Nitrogen Removal from a Slaughterhouse Wastewater”. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation. pp. 5100-5107, 2006.
[5] Assenga S., Edward S., Matt K. and Scott M, “Biogas I Tanzania: Slaughterhouse Waste Treatment Facility”. UCDAVIS Program for International Energy Teechnologies, pp. 5-20, 2012.
[6] Baki, A. S, “Isolation and identification of microbes associated with biogas production at different retention time using cow dung”. M.Sc dissertation, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, and Nigeria. 2004.
[7] Benshah, E.C, Antwi, E. & Ahiekpor, J.C., “Improving sanitation in Ghana – Role of sanitary biogas plants”. Jour¬nal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 5 (2), pp. 125 – 133, 2010.
[8] Cassidy, D. P., Hirl, P. J. & Belia, E., “Methane production for ethanol coproduction in anaerobic SBRS”. Water and Science Technology, 58 (4): pp. 789-793, 2008.
[9] Chukwu, O. & Chidiebere, I, “Abattoir Wastes Generation, Management and the Environment: A Case of Minna, North Central Nigeria”. International Journal of Biosciences. 1.pp 100-109, 2011
[10]Frérot, A, “Water: Towards A Culture Of Responsibility, Durham”, N.H.: New Hampshire, eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), EBSCOhost, 2011
[11] Hosseiny S. A, “Evaluation of biogas capacity produced by slaughterhouse wastewater in Iran”. The 18th Greening of Industry Network Conference, Linkoping Congress Centre, Sweden. pp. 12-19, 2012
[12] Joseph A. “Cows to Kilowatts: Nigeria abattoir waste generates zero emission and creates cheap source of Bio-Energy and Bio-Fertilizer in Africa”. Global Network for Environment and Economics, pp. 52, 468–476, 2009.
[13] Lettinga, G, “Anaerobic reactor technology: reactor and process design”. In Inter-national Course on Anaerobic Treatment Wageningen Agricultural University/IHE Del*, Wageningen, pp. 17-28, 1995.
[14] Mohammed, M., Gasmelseed, G. and Abuuznien, M, “Production of Biogas from Cattle Paunch Manure”. European Journal of Engineering Research and Science. pp, 1-3, 2019. DOI:https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.4.1140.
[15] Naturvårdsverket, “Wastewater treatment in Sweden”, Bromma: Naturvårdsverket. Tillgänglig: Tillgänglig: http://www.naturvardsverket.se/Om-Naturvardsverket/Publikationer/ 2012.
[16]Oyeleke, S. B., Onibagjo, H. O. & Ibrahim, K, “Degradation of animal wastes (cattle dung) to produce methane (cooking gas)”. Proceedings of the 5th Annual Conference of Animal Science of Nigeria (SAN): pp. 168-169, 2003.
[17] Rabah, A. B., Baki, A. S., Hassan, L. G., Musa, M., and Ibrahim, A. D, “Production of biogas using abattoir waste at different retention time”. Science World Journal. 5 (4), pp. 23-26, 2010
[18] Rupf, G.V., Bahri, P.A., De Boer, K. & McHenry, M.P. “Barriers and opportunities of biogas dissemination in Sub-Saharan Africa and lessons learned from Rwanda, Tanza¬nia, China, India, and Nepal”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, pp. 52, 468–476, 2015.