Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Flooding In Lokoja (1999-2018), Kogi State Nigeria

Jimoh U.U.¹ , Salami H.²

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp.58-72, Feb-2020

Online published on Feb 28, 2020

Copyright © Jimoh U.U., Salami H. . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

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Abstract :
This study is design to undertake a spatio-temporal analysis of flooding from 1999 to 2018 in Lokoja, Kogi state Nigeria. Longitudinal research design was adopted for the study in which both primary and secondary data were sourced. A multi-stage sampling technique was utilized. The spatial data includes eight sets of satellite imageries of Lokoja, comprising of four sets of Landsat imageries captured during the dry season and another four set captured in wet season. The imageries for year 1999, 2009, 2012, and 2018 of American Land-sat series Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhance Thematic Mapper (ETM) were acquired. All the satellite imageries were obtained from online resource of United State Global Land Cover Facilities (US GLCF). Also, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) of Digital Elevation Model of Lokoja was acquired from Global vision (Glovis) section of United State Global Land Cover Facilities. Trend of land inundated from year 1999 to 2018, was generated. Qualitative data (FGD) was conducted to complement the study and was content analyzed. The result revealed that, in the year 1999, there was no recorded or reported cases of flooding, and this was associated with the level of development then. The year 1999 water was recorded to discharge at 23090 cummecs with a water level of 10.36. There was no damage to built-up area as also confirmed by the LULC analysis, but the water discharged only boosted agricultural yield that year. The LULC analysis shows that in the year 2012, due to irregular rainfall witnessed coupled with release of water from dam up stream of the river, there was water discharge of 30676 cummecs with a water level of 12.85 (NIWA, 2018). As such, the year 2012 inundated highest percentage of land (24.48km2), compared with year 2018 (19.24km2) and year 2009 (13.09km2). Effects of flooding were discovered to have made people relocated to different places while affected people got financial aids from friends and relatives. Conclusively, land inundated in Lokoja is expected to increase as climate change increases. This is against the backdrop of rapid rate of urbanization on limited land space which is also constrained by Mount Patti to the west and river to the east.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Satellite Data, Geospatial Mapping, Flood Disasters and Risk, Vulnerability, Kogi State

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