Dispensing Frequencies of Methylphenidate at Vale do Rio Doce Geographic Region (Brazil): a Multicentric Study

Lívia Queiroz Faúla¹ , Víctor Perpetuo² , Leonardo Patryc³ , Thulio Duarte⁴ , Marcus Vinícius Dias-Souza⁵

1. Universidade Vale do Rio Doce, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil.
2. Universidade Vale do Rio Doce, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil.
3. Universidade Vale do Rio Doce, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil.
4. Universidade Vale do Rio Doce, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil.
5. Pitágoras College, Ipatinga, MG, Brazil.

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp.19-24, Apr-2020

Online published on Apr 30, 2020

Copyright © Lívia Queiroz Faúla, Víctor Perpetuo, Leonardo Patryc, Thulio Duarte, Marcus Vinícius Dias-Souza . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

View this paper at   Google Scholar | DPI Digital Library

XML View     PDF Download

How to Cite this Paper

207 Views    241 Downloads    107 Downloads

Abstract :
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric condition and a public health problem that affects children and adults especially in productivity in academic activities. The treatment involves psychosocial and pharmacological interventions, the latter being performed through the use of methylphenidate. The high use of the drug is well described in capitals and metropolitan regions. There is, however, a gap in the literature about its consumption in small cities, which differ in socioeconomic and health dynamics of large urban centers. The aim of this study was to investigate the dispensing of methylphenidate formulations in 2016 and 2017 in commercial drugstores in four cities of the Vale do Rio Doce region (Minas Gerais State). Low dispensing frequencies were detected with wide fluctuation throughout the surveyed years, especially in the months of August and December, when there was no commercialization in three of the four cities of the study. The consumption behavior did not present similarities between the cities, and the average consumption differed from the median values in most of the surveyed months. Health education actions are necessary to promote the rational use of the drug in these cities, which do not have neurologists or psychiatrists to provide adequate clinical assessment and treatment.

Key-Words / Index Term :
ADHD, drug, dispensation, methylphenidate

References :
[1] C.M. Machado, A.M.A.G. Luiz, A.B. Marques-Filho et al, "Ambulatório de psiquiatria infantil: prevalência de transtornos mentais em crianças e adolescentes" Revista Psicologia: Teoria e Prática, vol.16, pp.53-62, 2014
[2] M. Michels, H.A. Gonçalves, "Funções executivas em um caso de TDAH adulto: a avaliação neuropsicológica auxiliando o diagnóstico e o tratamento", Rev Neuropsicol Latino-am., vol.6, issue.,2, pp.35-41, 2014.
[3] E. Y. Sánchez, S. Velarde, G.B. Britton, "Estimated prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a sample of Panamanian school-aged children", Child Psychiatry and Human Development, vol.42, issue.2, pp.243-255, 2011.
[4] A. Diaz-Roman, E. Hita-Yanez, G. Buela-Casal, "Sleep characteristics in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: systematic review and meta-analyses", J. Clin. Sleep Med., vol.12, pp.747-756, 2018.
[5] American Psychiatric Association, "What is ADHD?", 2013.
[6] W.A. Morton, G.G. Stockton, "Methylphenidate Abuse and Psychiatric Side Effects", Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry, vol.2, issue.5, pp.159–164, 2000.
[7] M. Servera, E. Cardo, "ADHD Rating Scale-IV en una muestra escolar española: Datos normativos y consistência interna para maestros, padres y madres", Revista de Neurologia, vol.45, issue.7, pp.393-399, 2007.
[8] M. Jara, "Traficantes de salud: cómo nos venden medicamentos peligrosos y juegan con la enfermedad", Barcelona: Icaria, 2007.
[9] U.P. Ramtekkar, A.M. Reiersen, A.A. Todorov, R.D. Todd, "Sex and age differences in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and diagnoses: implications for DSM-V and ICD-11", J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, vol.49, pp.217-228, 2010.
[10] D.M. Dougherty, R.L. Olvera, A. Acheson, N. Hill-Kapturczak, S.R. Ryan, C.W. Mathias, "Acute effects of methylphenidate on impulsivity and attentional behavior among adolescents comorbid for ADHD and conduct disorder", J Adolesc. vol.53, pp.222–230, 2016.
[11] F. Catala-Lopez, S. Peiro, M. Ridao, "Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children and adolescents in Spain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies", BMC Psychiatry, vol.12, doi:10.1186/1471-244X-12-168, 2012.
[12] A.C. Ndukuba, P.C. Odinka, R.C. Muomah, et al, "ADHD Among Rural Southeastern Nigerian Primary School Children: Prevalence and Psychosocial Factors", Journal of Attention Disorders, doi:10.1177/1087054714543367, 2014.
[13] Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Atlas Nacional do Brasil Milton Santos. Rio de Janeiro. 307 p, 2010.
[14] C.R.M. Lenzi, R.C. Marchi, "`As coisas da escola pra ele não interessa!` As falas de pais e professores sobre o comportamento de crianças com diagnóstico de TDAH", Reunião Científica Regional da ANPED, Curitiba, 2016.
[15] N.D. Volkow, “Simulant medications: how to minimize their reinforcing effects?”, American Journal of Psychiatry, v.163, n.3, 2006. 359-361 pp.
[16] T. Chase, N. Carrey, E. Soo, M. Wilkinson, "Methylphenidate regulates activity regulated cytoskeletal associated but not brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression in the developing rat striatum", Neuroscience, vol.144, pp.969-984, 2007.
[17] E. Ariel, J.M. Hausdorff, N. Giladi, "Methylphenidate for the treatment of Parkinson disease and other neurological disorders", Clin Neuropharmacol. vol.32, pp.75-81, 2009.
[18] K. Gottmann, T. Mittmann, V. Lessmann, "BDNF signaling in the formation, maturation and plasticity of glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses", Experimental Brain Research, vol.199, pp.203-234, 2009.
[19] A.V. Cordioli, et al. Psicofármacos. 3 ed. Porto Alegre: ArtMed Editora S.A., 2005.
[20] M. Cavadas, L.D. Pereira, P. Mattos, "Efeito do metilfenidato no processamento auditivo em crianças e adolescentes com transtorno do déficit de atenção/hiperatividade", Arq Neuropsiquiatr, vol.65, issue.1, pp.138-143, 2007.
[21] J.R.W. Camargos, R. Nicolato, "Características das prescrições no transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro, vol. 58, issue. 3, pp.195-199, 2009.
[22] M.I. Linhares, "Estudo da RITALINA® (Cloridrato de Metilfenidato) sobre o Sistema Nervoso Central de animais jovens e adultos: Aspectos Comportamentais e Neuroquímicos" Dissertation - Masters in Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, 2012.
[23] Conselho Regional de Farmácia de São Paulo – CRF/SP. Consumo de Ritalina® aumentou 775% em dez anos, 2014.
[24] C.M. Machado, A.M.A.G. Luiz, A.B. Marques-Filho, et al, "Ambulatório de psiquiatria infantil: prevalência de transtornos mentais em crianças e adolescentes", Revista Psicologia: Teoria e Prática, vol.16, pp.53-62, 2014.
[25] G. Finger, E.R. Silva, A. Falavigna, "Use of methylphenidate among medical students: a systematic review", Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras., vol. 59, issue. 3, pp.285-289, 2013.
[26] Y. Fogelman, E. Kahan, "Methylphenidate use for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Northern Israel – a controversial issue", Israel Medical Association Journal (IMAJ), vol.3, pp.925-927, 2001.
[27] D. Barros, F. Ortega, "Metilfenidato e aprimoramento cognitivo farmacológico: representações sociais de universitários", Saúde Soc. vol.20, issue.2, pp.350-362, 2011.
[28] P.M. Van Zyl, G. Joubert, L. Fechter, J. Griesel, M. Nel, A. Honiball, L. Serfontein, M. Diedericks, "Methylphenidate use among students living in junior on-campus residences of the University of the Free State", South African Family Practice, vol.59, issue.4, pp.123-127, 2017.
[29] A.M. Machado, "Perdas e apostas na luta contra o silenciamento presente no processo medicalização". Revista Entre Ideias, vol.3, issue.1, pp.111-123, 2014.
[30] F. Steyn, "Methylphenidate use and poly-substance use among undergraduate students attending a South African university", S Afr J Psychiatr, vol.22, issue.1, 2016. doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v22i1.760,