Full Paper View Go Back
E. Daryaee Motlagh1
Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.7 ,
Issue.1 , pp.16-21, Jan-2021
Online published on Jan 31, 2021
Copyright © E. Daryaee Motlagh . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
View this paper at Google Scholar | DPI Digital Library
How to Cite this Paper
- IEEE Citation
- MLA Citation
- APA Citation
- BibTex Citation
- RIS Citation
IEEE Style Citation: E. Daryaee Motlagh, “The Use and Frequency of Hedges in Applied Linguistics Papers Written by Male and Female Scholars: A Gender-based Comparison,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.7, Issue.1, pp.16-21, 2021.
MLA Style Citation: E. Daryaee Motlagh "The Use and Frequency of Hedges in Applied Linguistics Papers Written by Male and Female Scholars: A Gender-based Comparison." International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies 7.1 (2021): 16-21.
APA Style Citation: E. Daryaee Motlagh, (2021). The Use and Frequency of Hedges in Applied Linguistics Papers Written by Male and Female Scholars: A Gender-based Comparison. International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , 7(1), 16-21.
BibTex Style Citation:
@article{Motlagh_2021,
author = {E. Daryaee Motlagh},
title = {The Use and Frequency of Hedges in Applied Linguistics Papers Written by Male and Female Scholars: A Gender-based Comparison},
journal = {International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies },
issue_date = {1 2021},
volume = {7},
Issue = {1},
month = {1},
year = {2021},
issn = {2347-2693},
pages = {16-21},
url = {https://www.isroset.org/journal/IJSRMS/full_paper_view.php?paper_id=2240},
publisher = {IJCSE, Indore, INDIA},
}
RIS Style Citation:
TY - JOUR
UR - https://www.isroset.org/journal/IJSRMS/full_paper_view.php?paper_id=2240
TI - The Use and Frequency of Hedges in Applied Linguistics Papers Written by Male and Female Scholars: A Gender-based Comparison
T2 - International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies
AU - E. Daryaee Motlagh
PY - 2021
DA - 2021/01/31
PB - IJCSE, Indore, INDIA
SP - 16-21
IS - 1
VL - 7
SN - 2347-2693
ER -
Abstract :
The current article follows Hyland’s model to identify and further examine textual discrepancies reflected by the usage and recurrence of hedging devices. More specifically, articles composed by language scholars of both genders were chosen in this study to draw a gender-based comparison based on the analysis of article sections that may comparatively contain recurring hedges. To this end, sixty-six academic papers published over the last few years in well-organized journals were first reviewed on a random basis. Then, the introductions and discussions that were written by male and female scholars were selected and studied separately to record the frequency of hedges. Finally, the distribution, forms, categories and functions of hedging devices were analyzed in the highlighted sections with reference to Hyland’s model. The findings indicate asymmetric preferences in utilizing hedges, lexical verbs, adjectives and modal verbs among highly competent male and female authors. The results also contradict the general assumption in gender-linked studies of language conducted previously which suggested that hedges are characteristic of women’s language or appear mainly in their discourse.
Key-Words / Index Term :
Hedges, Gender differences, Hedging devices, Research articles, Applied linguistics
References :
[1] P. Brown, S. Levinson, “Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage,” Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987.
[2] J. Coates, “Women, Men and Language: A Sociolinguistic Account of Gender Differences in Language,” Longman, London, 1996.
[3] J. A. Dixon, D. H. Foster, “Gender and Hedging: From Sex Differences to Situated Practice,” Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, Vol. 26, Issue. 1, pp. 89-107, 1997.
[4] N. Fairclough, “Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language,” Routledge, New York, 2013.
[5] J. Ha, “A Review Paper on Gender Difference in SLA: Sociolinguistic Perspective and Implications,” Modern English Education, Vol. 9, Issue. 2, pp. 21-41, 2008.
[6] J. Holmes, “Functions of You Know in Women’s and Men’s Speech,” Language in Society, Vol. 15, pp. 1-22, 1986.
[7] J. Holmes, “Doubt and Certainty in ESL Textbooks,” Applied Linguistics, Vol. 9, Issue. 1, pp. 20-44, 1988.
[8] J. Holmes, “Hedges and Boosters in Women’s and Men’s Speech,” Language and Communication, Vol. 10, pp.185-205, 1990.
[9] K. Hyland, “Hedging in Academic Writing and EAP Textbooks,” English for Specific Purposes, Vol. 13, pp. 239-256, 1994.
[10] K. Hyland, “The Author in the Text: Hedging Scientific Writing,” Hong Kong Papers in Linguistics and Teaching, Vol. 18, pp. 33-42, 1995.
[11] K. Hyland, “Writing without Conviction? Hedging in Science Research Articles,” Applied Linguistics, Vol.17, Issue.4, pp. 433-454, 1996a.
[12] K. Hyland, “Talking to the Academy: Forms of Hedges in Science Research Articles,” Written Communication, Vol.13, Issue.2, pp. 251-28, 1996.
[13] K. Hyland, “Persuasion and Context: The Pragmatics of Academic Meta-discourse,” Journal of Pragmatics, Vol. 30, pp. 437-455, 1998.
[14] K. Hyland, “Genre and Second Language Writers”. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 2004.
[15] K. Hyland, J. Milton, “Qualification and Certainty in L1 and L2 Students Writing,” Journal of Second Language Writing, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp. 183-205, 1997.
[16] S. Koeser, S. Sczesny, “Promoting Gender-fair Language: The Impact of Arguments on Language Use, Attitudes, and Cognitions,” Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Vol.33, Issue.5, pp. 1–13, 2014.
[17] R. Lakoff, “Language and Women’s Place,” Harper and Row, New York, 1975.
[18] J. N. Lester, C. R. Lochmiller, R. Gabriel, “Locating and Applying Critical Discourse Analysis within Education Policy: An Introduction,” Education Policy Analysis Archives, Vol. 24, Issue. 102, pp. 12-13, 2016.
[19] L. Litosseliti, J. Sunderland, “Gender Identity and Discourse Analysis,” John Benjamins, Amsterdam, 2002.
[20] A. Mulac, H. Giles, J. J. Bradac, N. Palomares, “The Gender-linked Language Effect: An Empirical Test of a Gender Process Model,” Language Sciences, Vol. 38, pp. 22-31, 2013.
[21] A. Nemati, J. M. Bayer, “Gender Differences in the Use of Linguistic Forms: A Comparative Study of Persian and English,” South Asian Language Review, Vol. 9, Issue. 2, pp. 30-38, 2007.
[22] M. L. Newman, C. J. Groom, L. D. Handelman, J. W. Pennebaker, “Gender Differences in Language Use: An Analysis of 14000 Text Samples,” Discourse Processes, Vol. 45, pp. 211-236, 2008.
[23] W. O’Barr, B. Atkins, “Women’s Language or Powerless Language,” Praegar, New York, pp. 98-110, 1980.
[24] R. Rogers, I. Schaenen, C. Schott, K. O’Brien, L. Trigos-Carrillo, K. Starkey, C. C. Chasteen, “Critical Discourse Analysis in Education: A Review of the Literature, 2004 to 2012,” Review of Educational Research, Vol.86, Issue.4, pp. 1192-1226. 2016.
[25] P. Rounds, “Hedging in Written Academic Discourse: Precision and Flexibility,” University of Michigan, Mimeo, 1982.
[26] F. Salager-Meyer, “Hedges and Textual Communicative Function in Medical English Written Discourse”, English for Specific Purposes, Vol.13, Issue.2, pp. 149-170, 1994.
[27] D. Tannen, “You just don’t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation,” William Morrow, New York, 1990.
[28] P. Tse, K. Hyland, “Robot Kung Fu: Gender and Professional Identity in Biology and Philosophy Reviews,” Journal of Pragmatics, Vol. 40, pp. 1232-1248, 2008.
[29] T. Varttala, “Hedging in Scientifically Oriented Discourse: Exploring Variation According to Discipline and Intended Audience,” University of Tarnpereen Yliopisto, Finland, (Unpublished PhD Thesis) 2001.
[30] E. T. Vold, “Epistemic Modality Markers in Research Articles: A Cross-linguistic and Cross-disciplinary Study,” International Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vol.16, Issue.1, pp. 61-87, 2006.
[31] D. Waskita, “Differences in Men’s and Women’s ESL Academic Writing at the University of Melbourne,” Journal Sosioteknologi Edisi, Vol. 14, Issue.7, pp. 448-463, 2008.
[32] A. Weatherall, “Gender, Language and Discourse,” Routledge, London, 2002.
[33] M. Yaghchi, Y. Iyeiri, H. Okabe, “Style and Gender Differences in Formal Contexts: An Analysis of Sort of any Kind of in the Corpus of Spoken Professional American-English,” English Corpus Studies, Vol. 11, pp. 1-35, 2004.
[34] Z. Ye, N. A. Palomares, “Effects of Conversation Partners’ Gender-language Consistency on References to Emotion, Tentative Language, and Gender Salience,” Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Vol. 32, pp. 433-451, 2013.
[35] A. Kumar, S. Srivastava, S. Kansal, “Current Status and Determinants of Women Empowerment in India: Evidence from NFHS-4,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol. 6, Issue. 1, pp. 35-42, 2020.
[36] S.A.O. Ogirima, O.T Arulogun, J.S. Osunniyi, “Students Perspective Assessment on Adopting Open and Distance Learning in Nigeria: The Case Study of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol. 6, Issue. 12, pp. 27-34, 2020.
You do not have rights to view the full text article.
Please contact administration for subscription to Journal or individual article.
Mail us at support@isroset.org or view contact page for more details.