External Auditory Rhythmic Stimulation as an Adjunct in Improving the Gait of Patients Aged 40-80 Years Old with Parkinson’s disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

P.N. Villanueva¹ , K.R. Yu² , R.S. Teh³ , G.S. Sedayao⁴ , N.H. Sison⁵ , J.D. Solano⁶ , S.A. Sombrito⁷ , M.C.A. Untalasco⁸ , S. Urmaza⁹ , H. Uy¹⁰ , M. Villanueva¹¹ , L.M. Visaya¹² , M.J. Wong¹³ , M.T.Sanchez-Tolosa ¹⁴

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp.16-22, Mar-2021

Online published on Mar 31, 2021

Copyright © P.N. Villanueva, K.R. Yu, R.S. Teh, G.S. Sedayao, N.H. Sison, J.D. Solano, S.A. Sombrito, M.C.A. Untalasco, S. Urmaza, H. Uy, M. Villanueva, L.M. Visaya, M.J. Wong, M.T.Sanchez-Tolosa . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

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Abstract :
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder causing impairments in gait. There is no cure for it yet. Studies have found that adjuncts such as external auditory rhythmic stimulation may be beneficial in improving their gait performance. We searched for published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) articles unpublished or on-going studies from local neurologists. Data were analyzed using Review Manager Software 5.3. There were 11 studies and 359 participants included in this meta-analysis. The pooled risk ratio (RR) for stride length (RR: 0.04, p= 0.0009), freezing (RR: 0.39, p=0.65), balance (RR: 0.02, p= 0.0002) and gait speed (RR: 0.03, p= 0.0004) showed that participants in the experimental group were more likely to have wider stride length, decreased freezing times, ability to balance safely, and faster gait speed. The pooled RR for adverse events showed that there was an equal risk of developing adverse events in both groups. There was a 0.04 m wider stride length (p= 0.010) and 0.08 m/s faster gait speed (p< 0.0001) among participants in the experimental group. In conclusion, external auditory stimulation is an effective adjunct for non-severe PD resulting in improvement of gait parameters with minimal risk of adverse events.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Parkinson’s disease, Paralysis Agitans, Primary Parkinsonism, external auditory stimulation, music based therapy

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