Health Workers Drinking Behaviour: The Extrapolative Role of Stress and Work Anxiety

Caleb Onah¹ , Desmond Kungwa Hundu² , James Matthew Okwoli³

1. Department of Psychology, Benue State University, Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria.
2. Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
3. Department of Psychology, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp.33-39, Jan-2023

Online published on Jan 31, 2023

Copyright © Caleb Onah, Desmond Kungwa Hundu, James Matthew Okwoli . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

View this paper at   Google Scholar | DPI Digital Library

XML View     PDF Download

How to Cite this Paper

137 Views    152 Downloads    53 Downloads

Abstract :
Work-related stress, anxiety and drinking behaviour is fast becoming a major problem for working healthcare communities in Nigeria and increases the risk of illness in the past few years. Hence, this study examined the extrapolative role of stress and work anxiety on health workers drinking behaviour in Nigeria. The cross sectional survey design was employed among one hundred and ninety-eight health workers in Benue State, Nigeria using the simple random sampling technique. The perceived stress scale, Anxiety measurement scale and the drinking behaviour scale were used for the data collection. Three hypotheses were tested using linear and multiple regression analysis. Hypothesis one revealed, occupational stress significantly predicts drinking behaviours among health workers in Benue State, Nigeria. Hypothesis two showed that, anxiety significantly predicted drinking behaviour among health workers in Benue State, Nigeria and Hypothesis three revealed occupational stress and anxiety jointly predicted drinking behaviour among health workers in Benue State, Nigeria. It is recommended that, workplace policies should be complemented by interventions that provide education and awareness, access to treatment or counselling for health workers with drinking challenges. Intervention packages tailor-made to the desire of workers, need to be examined and implemented. Such packages may be included into the prevailing employer environment which will lessen the amount of beige drinking and anxiety among workers.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Occupational Stress, Anxiety, Drinking Behaviour, Healthcare Workers, Workplace, Nigeria

References :
[1]. C. Onah, O. Deborah, R. Dennis, “Perceived Organisational Support and Prosocial Behaviour on Workplace Commitment among Nigerian Bank Employees,” CPQ Neurology and Psychology, Vol.1, Issue.4, pp.01-06, 2019.
[2]. F. Renna, “Alcohol abuse, alcoholism, and labor market outcomes: looking for the missing link,” Industrial & Labor Relations Review, Vol.62, Issue.1 pp.92–103, 2009.
[3]. T.S. Dee, W. Evans, “Teen drinking and educational attainment: evidence from two-sample instrumental variables estimates,” Journal of Labor Economics, Vol.21, pp.178–209, 2003.
[4]. J. Lye, J. Hirschberg, “Alcohol consumption and human capital: a retrospective study of the literature,” Journal of Economic Surveys, Vol.24, Issue.2, pp.309–338, 2010.
[5]. A. Wolaver, “Does drinking affect grades more for women? Gender differences in the effects of heavy episodic drinking in college,” The American Economist, Vol.51, pp.72–88, 2007.
[6]. C. Onah, M. Okafor, O. Deborah, “Peer Pressure, Alcohol Use and Drugs Abuse on Anti-Social Behaviour among Youths in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State,” Journal of Counselling and Family Therapy, Vol.1, Issue.2, pp.1-9, 2019. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2656085
[7]. S.E. Carrell, M. Hoekstra, J.E. West, “Does drinking impair college performance? Evidence from a regression discontinuity approach,” Journal of Public Economics, Vol.95, Isssue.12 pp.54–62, 2011.
[8]. J. Rehm, B. Taylor, R. Room, “Global burden of disease from alcohol, illicit drugs and tobacco,” Drug and Alcohol Review, Vol.25, pp.503–513, 2006.
[9]. L. Jones, et al. “Alcohol-attributable fraction for England. Alcohol-attributable mortality and hospital admissions,” Liverpool, John Moores University, Northwest Public Health Observatory Study, 2022.
[10]. OECD “OECD factbook (2010): Economic, environmental and social statistics”. Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2010.
[11]. J. Akinboye, D. Akinboye, D. Adeyemo, “Coping with stress in life and workplace,” Ibadan: Stirling-Horden Publishers, 2002.
[12]. E. Monstaka, T, Constantials, “Sources and effects of work related stress in nursing,” Health science journal, Vol.4, Issue.4, pp.10-16, 2010.
[13]. B. Musa, “Effects of Occupational Stress Among Health Care Workers Towards Effective Healthcare Delivery in General Hospital Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria,” International Journal of Innovative Healthcare Research, Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.7-11, 2020.
[14]. J.G. Carlson, R. Burke, J. Ronald, “Introduction to stress,” International Journal of stress management, Vol.13, Issue.4, pp.395-398, 2006.
[15]. G.E.R. Tummers, J.A. Landweerd, A. Van Merode, “A study of the relationship between organizational speech of nursing and nurses work characteristics and work reactions,” 2002.
[16]. C.H. Ogwuche, O. Caleb, D. Relojo-Howell, “Perceived stress and social support as predictors of subjective well-being among university students in Nigeria,” Psychology and Society, Vol.1, Issue.79, pp.120–125, 2020. https://doi.org/10.35774/pis2020.01.120
[17]. E.M. Chang, K.M, Honcock, A. Johnson, J. Daly, D. Jackson, “Role of Stress in nurses: review of related factors and strategies for moving forward nurse,” Journal of Health Science, Vol.7, Issue.1, pp.57-65, 2005.
[18]. WHO & Nigeria Ministry of Health, “WHO-AIMS Report on Mental Health System in Nigeria,” WHO and Ministry of Health, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2006.
[19]. World Health Organization, “Mental Health in Nigeria Survey,” Africa Polling Institute and EpiAFRIC, Vol.944, pp.5-30, 2020.
[20]. M. Kinnu, L.J. Nenamoroso, “Work-related Stress Management by Finnish Enterprises,” Industrial Health, Vol.52, pp.216–24, 2014.
[21]. A.W. Brooks, M.E. Schweitzer, “Can Nervous Nelly negotiate? How anxiety causes negotiators to make low first offers, exit early, and earn less profit,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol.115, Issue.1, pp.43–54, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.01.008
[22]. A.J. Onwuegbuzie, Q.G. Jiao, S.L. Bostick, “Library anxiety: Theory, research, and applications. Scarecrow Press, Lanham, MD, and Oxford, 2004.
[23]. S.Q. Fu, L.M. Greco, A.C. Lennard, N. Dimotakis, “Anxiety responses to the unfolding COVID-19 crisis: Patterns of change in the experience of prolonged exposure to stressors,” J. Appl. Psychol., Vol.106, pp.48–61, 2021.
[24]. P. Kumar, N. Kumar, P. Aggarwal, J.A.L. Yeap, “Working in lockdown: The relationship between COVID-19 induced work stressors, job performance, distress, and life satisfaction,” Curr. Psychology, Vol.40, Issue.40, pp.6308–6323, 2021.
[25]. F. Nadeem, A. Sadiq, A. Raziq, Q. Iqbal, S. Haider, F. Saleem, M. Bashaar, “Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Nurses during the COVID-19 Wave III: Results of a Cross-Sectional Assessment,” J. Multidiscip. Health, Vol.14, pp.3093–3101, 2021. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S338104
[26]. R. Uwakwe, “Mental Health Service and Access in Nigeria: A Short Overview,” International Journal of Global Social Work, Vol.2, Issue.103, 2019. https://doi.org/10.15344/ijgsw/2018/103
[27]. O. Gureje, V.O. Lasebikan, “Use of mental health services in a developing country. Results from the Nigerian survey of mental health and well-being. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, Vol.41, Issue.2, pp.44–49, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-005-0001-7
[28]. D. Martin, “Work stress - why your job may be killing,” Stress article, 2008.
[29]. E.B. Ajala, “Work Related Stress among Librarians and Information Professionals in a Nigerian University,” 2011.
[30]. A.C. Hiro, N.C. Kawakami, M. Tanaka, K. Nakamura, “Stressful events, personality, and mood disturbance: gender differences in alcoholics and problem drinkers,” Addictive Behaviors, Vol.28, Issue.1, pp.171–187, 2007.
[31]. World Health Organization, “Expert Committee on Problems Related to Alcohol Consumption,” WHO Technical Report Series,” Vol.944, pp.1-53, 2011.
[32]. M.R. Frone, “Prevalence and distribution of illicit drug use in the workforce and in the workplace: Findings and implications from a U.S. national survey,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.91, Issue.4, pp.856–869, 2006.
[33]. ILO, “Global employment trends 2011: the challenge of a jobs recovery,” Geneva, International Labour Office, 2011.
[34]. J.W. Bray, D.M. Galvin, L.A. Cluff, “Young adults in the workplace: a multisite initiative of substance use prevention programs,” Research Triangle Park, NC, RTI Press, pp.1-168, 2011.
[35]. M. Islam, C. Baker, P. Huxley, I.T. Russell, M.S. Dennis, “The nature, characteristics and associations of care home staff stress and wellbeing: a national survey,” BMC Nursing, Vol.16, Issue.22, pp.1-10, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-017-0216-4
[36]. T. Donnelly, ‘Stress among nurses working in an acute hospital in Ireland’, British Journal of Nursing, Vol.23, Issue.13, pp.746-750, 2014.
[37]. T. Donnelly, “An ever-increasing workload is causing burnout and Exhaustion,” Nurs Stand, Vol.26, Issue.25, pp.12–13, 2012.
[38]. A. McVicar, “Workplace stress in nursing: a literature review,” J. Adv. Nurs, Vol.44, Issue.6, pp.633–642, 2003. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0309-2402.2003.02853.x
[39]. A. Salam, S.L. Jorrisen, K. Niaz, A.M.A. Al Qarni, “Job stress and job satisfaction among health care professionals,” European Scientific Journal, Vol.10, Issue.32, pp.156-173, 2014. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/236417895.pdf
[40]. V. Mészáros, Z. Cserháti, A. Oláh, D.P. Forintos, S. Adam, “Coping with work-related stress in health care professionals: strategies for the prevention of burnout and depression,” Orv Hetil, Vol.24, Issue.154, pp.449-54, 2013.

[41]. D.I. Agboola, H. Evans, “The relationship between anxiety and work performance of postgraduate international students in a British University: A cross-sectional quantitative design,” Science Journal of Public Health, Vol.3, Issue.3, pp.331-338, 2015.
[42]. K. Singh, “Anxiety, stress, depression, and psychosocial functioning of Indian adolescents,” Indian Journal of Psychiatry, Vol.57, Issue.4, pp.367-374, 2015.
[43]. O. Gureje, V.O. Lasebikan, L. Kola, V.A. Makanjuola, “Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of mental disorders in the Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being,” The British Journal of Psychiatry, Vol.188, Issue.5, pp.65-71, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.188.5.465
[44]. D.A. Owusu, G.C. Agatha, “Employed adults at risk for diminished self-control over alcohol use: The alienated, the burned out, and the unchallenged,” In: Roman, P.M., ed. Alcohol Problem Intervention in the Workplace, New York: Quorum Books, 1990, pp.27–43, 2015.
[45]. K. Abrams, M. Kushner, K.L. Medina, A. Voight, “The pharmacologic and expectancy effects of alcohol on social anxiety in individuals with social phobia,” Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Vol.64, pp.219–231, 2002.
[46]. M. Steinberg, R. Darlin, “Gender differences in problem drinking and depression: different Vulnerabilities,” American Journal of Community Psychology, Vol.27, pp.25–54, 2005.
[47]. S. Aris, A. Mariam, “The roles anxiety plays in drinking behaviour of workers,” American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol.57, pp.223–346, 2009.
[48]. J. Belsky, M. Pluess, “Beyond diathesis stress: differential susceptibility to environmental influences,” Psychological bulletin, Vol.13, Issue.5, pp.885, 2009.
[49]. J.M. Zoekcler, C.A. Akintunde, E.A. Akintunde, B.D. Gurumyen, “The Social Construction of Drug/Substance Abuse among Youths in Jos, Nigeria,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol.6, Issue.12, pp.27-34, 2020.
[50]. A.F. Çakmak, H. Sever, “A Survey of Risk-Taking Behaviour of the Police Officers,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol.6, Issue.10, pp.48-60, 2020.