Seasonal Variations of Sewage Loads of Heavy Metals and Microbial Parameters on River Jakara, Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

Simon Stephen Mshelia¹

1. Department of Geography, Federal University Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria.

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp.1-8, Jan-2024

Online published on Jan 31, 2024

Copyright © Simon Stephen Mshelia . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

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Abstract :
The study examined the seasonal variations of sewage loads of heavy metals and microbial parameters discharged into River Jakara, in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. Data were collected from January 2019 to December 2022. Composite sampling method was employed and collected 288 water samples from eight established points along River Jakara during wet and dry seasons between 0800 – 1100Hrs and 1600 – 1800Hrs. Samples were subjected to analyses in a Laboratory for the determination of heavy metals and microbial parameters according to proceedures stipulated by American Public Health Association (APHA, 1998) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and Membrane Filter (MF) technique. T-test statistical analysis paired at 95% confidence interval was used and compared the significant variations between the concentrations of the river water during dry to wet seasons and that of regulatory bodies such as “National Environmental Standard Regulation and Enforcement Agency”, (NESREA, 2011). The results showed that population growth, urbanisation, and poor infrastructure are the main causes of high generation and disposal issues of sewages. The study also revealed that there were significant seasonal variations in sewage quality of River Jakara, with higher concentrations of Cr 7.8, Pb 1.9, Zn 7.45, Cu 7.2, Mn 5.7 (mg/l), 395 and 452 (cfu/100ml) were recorded in wet season while Cad 3.1, Hg 1.08, As 3.4 (mg/l), 285 and 398 (cfu/100ml) in dry season at significant variations P = .05. The study concluded that there was a strong correlation between the seasonal variations in sewage loads and water quality parameters in River Jakara and called for proper sanitation and wastewater management in order to reduce the increasing levels of sewage loads and protect the environment.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Sewage, heavy metals, microbial, wastewater, concentrations, seasonal variation

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