Exploring the Fire Resistance Characteristics of Ceiling Materials Derived From Wood in Nigeria

Majidadi T. Solomon¹ , Longtau Pirmak² , Birmah M. Nyadar³ , Israel O. Ekeyi⁴

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp.53-60, Feb-2024

Online published on Feb 28, 2024

Copyright © Majidadi T. Solomon, Longtau Pirmak, Birmah M. Nyadar, Israel O. Ekeyi . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

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Abstract :
The careful selection of building materials, particularly when it comes to ceiling finishes, holds immense significance in ensuring the safety and integrity of structures. While certain materials boast commendable fire resistance attributes, others may fall short in this critical aspect. Thus, it becomes imperative to thoroughly evaluate the fire resistance properties of various ceiling materials. In a comprehensive study conducted herein, a total of six (6) samples of ceiling materials underwent rigorous analysis to ascertain their density and its correlation with key fire resistance metrics such as ignitibility, flame spread, and smoke density. These samples were subjected to a controlled range of temperatures from 20°C to 180°C to gauge their flammability and smoke emission characteristics. The findings of the study unveiled a clear link between the density of the samples and their ignition time, as well as the duration of flame spread. Notably, the densities of the samples ranged from 492.42 kg/m3 to 1,442.31 kg/m3, showcasing considerable variability in their structural composition. Ignition times exhibited a broad spectrum, spanning from 28 seconds to 492 seconds, while flame spread durations fluctuated between 95 seconds and 147 seconds. Furthermore, the rate of heat absorption, ranging from 164 sec/°C to 510 sec/°C, provided valuable insights into the materials` ability to withstand thermal stress. Similarly, the recorded smoke density values, ranging between 26 mg/m3 and 144 mg/m3, underscored the importance of considering smoke emission as a critical factor in fire safety assessments. Considering these findings, it is prudent to exercise caution when utilizing wood-based ceiling materials, particularly in areas of buildings where heating is required. Unless treated with effective, nontoxic fire retardants, the use of such materials may pose significant fire safety risks. Therefore, architects, engineers, and building planners are encouraged to prioritize the selection of ceiling materials with proven fire-resistance properties, thereby enhancing overall building safety standards and mitigating the potential for fire-related incidents.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Ceiling Finishes, Fire Resistance, Temperature, Flash Over, Flame Spread

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