Efficient Heavy Metal Removal from Industrial Wastewater Effluent Using Low-cost Clay Pellets: Case Study of 7-UP Bottling Company

Fredrick Ejime Chegwe¹ , Ochu Abdulmajeed² , Samuel Oseji³ , Ebiye Ayo⁴ , Achugwo Chomezie Nathaniel⁵ , Adedeji Olugbenga C.⁶ , Egbe Chukutem F.⁷ , Nwori Augustine Nwode⁸

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.10 , Issue.12 , pp.113-120, Dec-2024

Online published on Dec 31, 2024

Copyright © Fredrick Ejime Chegwe, Ochu Abdulmajeed, Samuel Oseji, Ebiye Ayo, Achugwo Chomezie Nathaniel, Adedeji Olugbenga C., Egbe Chukutem F., Nwori Augustine Nwode . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

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Abstract :
Industrial wastewater often contains toxic heavy metals, posing environmental and health risks. This study investigates the efficacy of low-cost clay pellets in removing heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn) from industrial wastewater. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of pH, and temperature. The Clay soil samples collected from “Imiegba” In Etsako East local Government area of Edo State, Benin City, Nigeria were analyzed for their geochemical composition, mineralogical and geotechnical characteristics, x-ray diffraction analysis and index property tests were used to determine the elemental composition, mineralogical nature and geotechnical attributes of the clay. The XRD reveals that quartz (SiO2) is the most abundant with an average mean of 48.10% and ranged between 42.83 and 55.78%. Mineralogical analyses reveal kaolinite as the dominant clay mineral with quartz as the dominant non-clay mineral. The geotechnical index test showed that the studied clay particle size distribution is fine-grained with a percentage fine fraction of 99%. The grounded clay samples were later mixed with addictive (laterite and limestone) and fired into clay ball pellets. The concentration of some heavy metals, Mn, Cu, Mg, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni, were collected from the discharge outlet pipe of “7-UP Bottling Company in Edo State Benin City”. Samples were analyzed as composite samples and the concentrations of these heavy metals in the effluent were 6.68 mg/l, for Fe, 5.65 mg/l for Zn, 2.23 mg/l for Mn, 2.87 mg/l for Cu, 6.65 for Ni, 1.49 for Cd, 4.53 mg/l for Cr, 1.55 mg/l for Pb. From the different formulations of clay ball pellets after treatments, the study shows that Imiegba clay has a good performance, and proved effective, eco-friendly and economical as an adsorbent for industrial wastewater treatment.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Clay-pellets, Heavy metals, wastewater-effluent, adsorbent, efficiency

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