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• Open Access   Article

  Performance of PIXE Technique at Elemental Analysis of Halogens in Charnockite Matrix

  A.V.S. Satyanarayana, M. Jagannadha Rao, K. Chandra Mouli, K. Sai Satya Mounika

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp.1-6, Aug-2020

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrpas/v8i4.16

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  Proton Induced X-ray Emission is applied to the determination of F, Cl, Br and I in high grade metamorphic igneous rocks of halogen rich Charnockite composition. In this study, Chlorine, and Bromine halogen contents are found to well correlate and were determined in high grade metamorphic rocks because of within the Si (Li) detector limits of PIXE as 3MeV. But for F and I in Charnockite, the fluorine with low X-ray energy and not detected in the present investigation due to detector limits, because the spectrum is started from element Chlorine. The next, iodine concentration is in the order of ppb range and resolution problem in matrix Charnockite composition by PIXE

  Key-Words / Index Term
  PIXE Technique, Charnockite matrix, Halogens, Elemental analysis, Detector limits, Performance

  References
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  [3] Satyanarayana, A V S., and Ravi Kumar., S., Geochemical analysis of minerals from Charnockite Hill, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. Indian Journal of Geosciences, Vol. 71 (2): pp. 435?438. 2017.
  [4] Satyanarayana, A V S., Jagannadharao, M., Chandra Mouli, K., Seetaramireddy, B., The Performance of PIXE Technique through a Geochemical Analysis of High Grade Rocks. Journal of Nuclear Physics, Material Sciences, Radiation and Applications, Vol. 7(1), pp. 13-28. 2020.
  [5] Satyanarayana, A V S., Ravi, Kumar S., Sharma, S V R A N., An Application of PIXE Technique to Proto Crustal Rocks; Geochemical Evaluation of Granulitic Charnockites of Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Nuclear Physics, Material Sciences, Radiation and Applications. Chitkara University, India. Vol. 3, No-2, pp. 147?155. 2016.
  [6] Araujo, M F., Alves, L C., Cabral, J M P., Comparison of EDXRF and PIXE in the analysis of ancient gold coins. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 75, pp. 450-453. 1993.
  [7] Kullerud, G., Steffen, R. M., Ciaran, K Simms., Rickey, F A., Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) ? A new tool in geochemistry, Chemical Geology, 25(3):245?256.1979.
  [8] Mitsuru, Ebihara., Hiromichi, Nakahara., Kenji, Tomura., Klaus, G Heumann.,, Cl, Br and I in igneous standard rocks, Chemical Geology, Volume 115, Issues 3?4, pp 213-221,1994.
  [9] Govil, I. M., Proton Induced X-ray Emission ? A tool for non-destructive trace element analysis, Current Science, Vol. 80, pp.1542-1549. 2000.
  [10] Vijayan, V., Rautray, T R., Nayak, P K., and Basa, D K., Studies on the composition of ancient Indian punch marked silver coins. X-ray spectrum, Vol. 34, pp. 128-130. 2005.
  [11] Vaggelli, G., Borghi, A., Cossio, R., Fedi, M,, Giuntini, L., Lombardo, B., Marino, A., Massi., Olmi, F., Petrelli, M., Micro-PIXE analysis of monazite from the Dora Maira Massif, Western Italian Alps. Microchim Acta, Vol. 155, pp. 305?311. 2006.
  [12] Ene, A., Popescu, I V., Sithi, C., Applications of Proton-include X-ray Emission technique in material and environmental science, Ovidius Unis. Ann. Chem., Vol. 20(1), pp. 35. 2009.
  [13] Zhang, Z W., Gan, F X., Cheng, H S., PIXE analysis of nephrite minerals from different deposits. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, Vol. 269, pp. 460?465. 2009.
  [14] Maxwell, J A., Teesdale, W J., Campbell, J L., The Guelph PIXE software package II. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 95, pp. 407-421. 1995.
  [15] Tenorio, D., Almazan-Torres, M G., Monroy-Guzman, F., Rodriguez-Garcia, N.L., Luis, C L. Characterization of ceramics from the archaeological site of San Miguel Ixtapan, Mexico State, Mexico, using NAA, SEM, XRD, and PIXE techniques. Journal of Radio Analytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 266, pp. 471-480. 2005.
  [16] Bello, Abdullahi., Characterization of Vanadium and other Trace Elements from North-Western Nigeria using INAA and PIXE, International Journal of Science and Tehnology. Vol.2, No.8. 2012.
  [17] Giulia, C., Massimo, C., Franco, L., Federico, M., Silvia, PaoloP., Gianluigi, V., Roberta, V., PIXE and XRF analysis of particulate matter samples: an inter-laboratory Comparison. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 266, pp. 2401?2404. 2008.
  [18] Zhongning, Dai., Chigang, Ren., Jianjun, Zhang., Guang, Ma., Fujia, Yang., Comparison of quantitative PIXE and EPMA microanalysis of mineral samples. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 104, Issue 1-4, pp. 489-493. 1995.
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  [21] Ene, A., Popescu, I V., Badica, T., Besliu, C., Comparative study of PIGE, PIXE and NAA analytical techniques for the determination of minor elements in steels. Rom. Journ. Phys., Vol. 51(5-6), pp. 595. 2005.
  [22] Shun, Sekimoto., Accurate Determination of Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine in Sedimentary Rock Reference Samples by Radiochemical Neutron Activation Analysis and a Detailed Comparison with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Literature Data. Anal. Chem. 85, 13, 6336?6341, 2013.
  [23] Satyanarayana, A V S., Jagannadha Rao, M., Sai Satya Mounika, K., ?Need of Complementary Analytical Technique at PIXE - Complex Matrix Composition Analysis,? International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.36-40, 2020.

  Citation
  A.V.S. Satyanarayana, M. Jagannadha Rao, K. Chandra Mouli, K. Sai Satya Mounika, "Performance of PIXE Technique at Elemental Analysis of Halogens in Charnockite Matrix," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.4, pp.1-6, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Investigation on Properties of Fiberglass with Different Layers

  A.T. Hamigah, P. Maheshwaran, D.B. Thilini Minthari, S. Niroshan

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp.7-12, Aug-2020

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  Abstract
  Fiberglass is known as a strong, weightless material, used in many products in day to day life. The required raw materials are very cheap, the bulk strength is high and weights are lower than many metals. Fiberglass can easily be made into intricate shapes. Fiberglass applications include aircraft, fishing boats and ships, automobiles, tubs and hulls, hot tubs, water and septic tanks, roofs, pipes, cladding, surfboards, and door siding. Aim of this work was to study the properties of fiberglass with different layers depend on the epoxy resin and a catalyst reinforced with a fiberglass mat. The ratio between the catalyst and resin was 1:10, respectively and the same amount of the mixture was used to prepare each layer. General properties such as Young?s modulus, Thermal conductivity and Chemical reactions were analyzed with different layers of fiber bars and disks. The properties vary depending on the number of layers and the amount of fiberglass reinforced epoxy and catalyst. The Young?s Modulus and Thermal conductivity of the layers are increase with increasing the layers of the fiber. When the sample layer is low, some chemical reactions occur, but for higher values, there is no chemical reaction

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Fiberglass, Young?s modulus, Thermal conductivity, Chemical reactions, Epoxy resin, Layers of fiberglass

  References
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  Citation
  A.T. Hamigah, P. Maheshwaran, D.B. Thilini Minthari, S. Niroshan, "Investigation on Properties of Fiberglass with Different Layers," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.4, pp.7-12, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Dielectric Relaxation Study of Essential oils using Time Domain Reflectometry

  A.A. Sonkamble, S.M. Dongarge, M. Malathi, U.V. Biradar

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp.13-17, Aug-2020

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  Abstract
  In this work, the dielectric behavior of essential oils were studied through time domain reflectometry in the microwave frequency range 10 MHz to 1 GHz at 300.15 K. The frequency dependence of dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss were determined for eucalyptus and clove oil. The complex permittivity spectra for these oils were explained using the Debye model and described by Havriliak-Negami expression. The dielectric parameters like static dielectric constant, dielectric constant at high frequency, dielectric strength, and relaxation time were measured and examined by non-linear square fit method. Further thermodynamic parameter like free energy of activation and other molecular interaction parameter like Kirkwood correlation factor and dipole moment were also determined. Here, the biophysical interaction mechanisms between essential oils and microwaves frequencies from MHz to GHz were discussed. Dielectric relaxation study of essential oils provides some dynamical and structural information of the molecules present in it

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Essential oils, Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR), Dielectric parameters, Free energy of activation, Dipole moment, Kirkwood correlation factor

  References
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  Citation
  A.A. Sonkamble, S.M. Dongarge, M. Malathi, U.V. Biradar, "Dielectric Relaxation Study of Essential oils using Time Domain Reflectometry," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.4, pp.13-17, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Making Charcoal Briquettes Using Agricultural Wastage

  S. Aynharan, R.M.S.M. Rathnayake, P.Sinthuja, P.R.Fernando

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp.18-21, Aug-2020

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  Abstract
  Day to day, millions of tons of agricultural wastes are generated which are destroyed without any use. Using this, can provide a renewable energy source by converting biomass charcoal briquettes. Briquettes are non-renewable source of energy which is used to reduce the demand of energy source. This study is carried out to produce good thermal efficiency briquettes as an alternative source of energy by using waste materials such as rice husk, pine cones, pine needles and coconut shells. Different types of briquette sample are manufactured based upon their raw materials. All the briquettes have same weight, design and physical structure. The briquette, having cow dung as the binder with ratio to one of two of cow dung with raw material. The analysis of the briquettes compared with the commercial product which is available in the market. The samples are analyzed upon these parameters by performing water boiling tests and proximate analysis such as flame time and burning rate. The pine cones briquette with cow dung as the binder is having the longest life among all the considered types of the briquettes. The burning rate is observed better for the pine cones briquette. According to the water boiling test the commercial product raw coal has got least time. However the pine needle briquettes take small different than raw coal

  Key-Words / Index Term
  rice husk, pine needle, pine cones, coconut shell and briquette

  References
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  Citation
  S. Aynharan, R.M.S.M. Rathnayake, P.Sinthuja, P.R.Fernando, "Making Charcoal Briquettes Using Agricultural Wastage," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.4, pp.18-21, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Photon Emission as a Promising Probe for Quark-Gluon Plasma in Heavy-Ion Collision

  Pradyumna K. Sethy, Yogesh Kumar, S. Somorendro Singh

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp.22-26, Aug-2020

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  Abstract
  The photon production from quark-gluon plasma in heavy ion collision is studied using a suitably modified dynamical quark mass depending on non-zero value of quark chemical potential and temperature. The total photon rate is computed for annihilation process ( → γg) and QCD Compton scattering process (qg → qγ) or ( → ) incorporating parameterization factor in both the quark mass and coupling value. Photon spectra are calculated by integrating the production rate over the space-time history of the plasma. It is found that the emission rate to lowest order increases strongly with increasing the quark chemical potential

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Photons; Quark-gluon Plasma; Heavy-ion collision

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  Citation
  Pradyumna K. Sethy, Yogesh Kumar, S. Somorendro Singh, "Photon Emission as a Promising Probe for Quark-Gluon Plasma in Heavy-Ion Collision," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.4, pp.22-26, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Revolutionary Motion of a Body under the Action of Resolution of Acceleration Due To Gravity Involved

  N.C. PANDEY

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp.27-34, Aug-2020

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  Abstract
  The revolutionary motion of a body under the force of gravitation is treated in view of its motion in a two dimensional plane. The change in the direction of velocity of the revolving body for going into a circular orbit can be understood on the basis of gravitational force appearing during the motion to act for showing its effect two dimensionally. Therefore, the resolution of force is undertaken to exist along two mutually perpendicular directions. Because, the force causes acceleration to act on velocity. Hence, the horizontal and vertical components of acceleration due to gravity play a dominant role to change the corresponding components of velocity. Newton?s law of motion with regard to the mechanics of accelerating and retarding phenomena is applied by the way. The investigated components of acceleration due to the gravity vary as according to aH = g Sin∆θ and aV = g Cos∆θ, where ∆θ is the measurement of angular displacement of the body during the motion from its initial position. The resultant of these two components is related by g = V? / R with the orbital velocity for providing requisite centripetal force equal to the gravitational force acting towards the centre of the orbit. Because, the involved centripetal acceleration acts normally to orbital velocity V. Therefore, such an acceleration is called a revolutionary normal acceleration. The changing magnitudes of the horizontal and vertical components of velocity is found to be the actual cause for changing the direction of resultant velocity of the body for remaining ever acting towards the orbit during the motion. The revolutionary motion in an elliptical orbit is also tried to understand by the application of such components involved during the motion under the changing magnitude of gravitational force acting towards the focus of the ellipse. The whole motion in an elliptical orbit is simplified by correlating the observations for obtaining the motion in the trajectory of two successive conjugate parabolic envelopes of the same shape

  Key-Words / Index Term
  : Gravitational force, centripetal force, revolutionary motion, circular motion, elliptical motion, orbital velocity, acceleration due to gravity, resolution, acceleration & retardation, parabolic motion, enevelopes, perigee & apogee, focus

  References
  [1] D. Halliday ?FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS?, Thomson`s Publication, India, pp. 323, 2010.
  [2] J. C. Upadhyaya ?MECHANICS?, Ram Prasad & Sons Publication, India, pp. 59, 2002.
  [3] S. Prakash ?NEW INTERMEDIATE PHYSICS?, Nageen Publication, India, pp. 493-520, 2011.
  [4] S. G. Gupta ?CLASSICAL MECHANICS?, Pragati Publication, India, pp. 216, 2010.
  

  Citation
  N.C. PANDEY, "Revolutionary Motion of a Body under the Action of Resolution of Acceleration Due To Gravity Involved," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.4, pp.27-34, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Formulation of "Exciton in a Quantum Box Model" for Multiple Exciton Generation Solar Cell Applications

  H.I. Ikeri, A.I. Onyia, P.U. Asogwa

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp.35-40, Aug-2020

  Abstract

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  Citation

  Abstract
  Exciton in a quantum box model for multiple exciton generation solar cell applications is successfully formulated. We have modeled quantum dot QD as a quantum box and then solved the time independent Schr?dinger Equation to determine the Eigen state energies of the confined exciton. In broader perspective the model contributes to the better understanding of the working principles of multiple exciton solar cells and enables the improvement of their performances. The results obtained strongly reveal that multiple exciton generation is more efficient in QDs because of the enhanced Coulomb interaction between the exciton, slow hot exciton cooling and relaxed momentum conservation due to quantum confinement effects. These novel properties allow for proper utilization of the hot exciton created by the absorption of high energetic photons to generate more excitons instead of losing the excess energy to phonon emission. The creation of additional excitons dramatically minimizes the spectral losses due to thermalization which characterized the conventional device thus making it possible to absorb and utilize supra band photons suitable for high efficient multiple exciton generation solar cells. This produces significant increase in solar to electricity conversion efficiencies in the form of increased photo generated current

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Theoretical model, Quantum dot, Multiple exciton generation, Excitons, Quantum confinement, Solar cells, Potential well and Schr?dinger Equation

  References
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  Citation
  H.I. Ikeri, A.I. Onyia, P.U. Asogwa, "Formulation of "Exciton in a Quantum Box Model" for Multiple Exciton Generation Solar Cell Applications," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.8, Issue.4, pp.35-40, 2020