Volume-12 , Issue-6 , Dec 2024, ISSN 2348-3423 (Online)

• Open Access   Article

  Collective Dynamics of an Alkali Metal: Liquid Na

  Grima Dhingra

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp.1-6, Dec-2024

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  Abstract
  The detailed coherent dynamical structure factor of liquid Na at 390 K, in the wave-vector range, 1.6 Å-1 ? ? 6.5 Å-1, has been predicted by the modified microscopic theory of the collective dynamics of a simple liquid. The wave-vector range corresponds to the primary peak position and the subsequent values of the static pair correlation function. The computed values of the dispersion relation, the velocity of sound and the diffusion coefficient have also been reported. The dynamical structure factors yielded by the modified microscopic theory satisfy the zeroth sum rule along with other sum rules of liquids.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Dynamical structure factor,, Diffusion coefficient; Modified microscopic theory, Dispersion relation, Interaction Potential, Current-current correlation function

  References
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  Citation
  Grima Dhingra, "Collective Dynamics of an Alkali Metal: Liquid Na," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.12, Issue.6, pp.1-6, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Synthesis and Complex Optical Study of Chemically Synthesized Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles

  Shubham Kadam, Vivek Kapse, Kailash Nemade

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp.7-18, Dec-2024

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  Abstract
  This research explores the influence of probe sonication on the structural, optical, and thermal characteristics of CeO2 nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were produced through an innovative co-precipitation technique and then exposed to different sonication times (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes). The structural analysis via XRD revealed an FCC structure with particle size reduction from 29.2 nm (without sonication) to 14.6 nm (60 minutes sonication). TEM and SEM imaging confirmed the decreased aggregation and improved uniformity with longer sonication times. The optical properties, examined using UV-Vis and PL spectroscopy, showed a blue shift in both the absorption edge and emission peaks. This shift suggests the presence of quantum confinement effects and improved crystalline quality as the sonication duration increased. The optical band gap expanded which starts at 2.81 eV to 3.01 eV. Additionally, extinction coefficient, refractive index, and optical conductivity measurements showed significant changes with sonication, reflecting improved dispersion and uniformity.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  cerium oxide; probe sonication; optical study; particle size; nanoparticles; extinction coefficient

  References
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  Citation
  Shubham Kadam, Vivek Kapse, Kailash Nemade, "Synthesis and Complex Optical Study of Chemically Synthesized Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.12, Issue.6, pp.7-18, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Chicken Eggshell-Based Capacitors: Fabrication and Evaluation of Their Performances for Engineering Application

  Levi Oye, Nsikak Edet Ekpenyong, Aniefiok Otu Akpan

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp.19-28, Dec-2024

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  Abstract
  Chicken eggshells are usually generated in very quantities but majorly under-utilised. This situation warrants discharging them indiscriminately into the environments. Consequently, this disposal technique pollutes the environment and also causes breeding of disease-carrying organisms, thus posing severe adverse effects on public health. In this work, chicken eggshells were gathered and processed into powdery form at three different ages (storage times) such as 5, 15, and 30 days. The chicken eggshell powder (CEP) in each case was used as dielectric material to fabricate capacitor. The dispersing medium used in the fabrication process was slurry prepared from dry cassava starch (DCS). Five capacitor samples were developed for each considered age. The CEP, DCS, and fabricated capacitor samples were assessed for their potentials. The Carr’s index of the CEP was found to be approximately 9.00 % whereas that of the DCS was about 11.41 %. Over the temperature range of 20 oC to 70 oC, the capacitance of the capacitor samples decreased from 8.93 to 4.62, 7.66 to 2.15, and 5.59 to 1.84 (all in nF) for the eggshells processed at the age of 5, 15, and 30 days respectively. The temperature coefficients of capacitance for the same trend in age variation were - 0.97, - 1.44, and -1.44 (%/oC ) based on JIS standard and also – 0.90, - 1.39, and – 1.34 (%/oC ) based on EIA protocols. The overall relative permittivity decreased from 9137 to 1883 as temperature of the samples increased over the considered range. Statistically, the relative permittivity values between the CEP of 15 days and that of 30 days only were revealed to be insignificantly different. The capacitor samples exhibited good performance abilities when compared experimentally with conventional ceramic capacitors.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Capacitance, Cassava effluent, Flowability, Recycling, Relative permittivity, Waste, Storage times

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  Citation
  Levi Oye, Nsikak Edet Ekpenyong, Aniefiok Otu Akpan, "Chicken Eggshell-Based Capacitors: Fabrication and Evaluation of Their Performances for Engineering Application," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.12, Issue.6, pp.19-28, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Characterization of a certain Schiff base Cu(II) Complexes using Spectroscopic techniques

  Sudhir Sawasiya, Pramod Kumar Malviya

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp.29-35, Dec-2024

  Abstract

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  Abstract
  The current work examines the characteristics of the Copper complex, which are significant because of their use in biomedicine. Salicylaldehyde Benzoyl Hydrazine (SBH) (L), Cu(L1)2SO4.5H2O (1), Cu(L2)2SO4.5H2O (2) and Cu(L3)2SO4.5H2O (3) are the ligands and complexes, where L1=5-Nitro SBH, L2=5-Methyl SBH and L3=5-Bromo SBH. The Cu(II) complexes of Schiff base have been examined using powder X-ray diffraction and various spectroscopic instruments, including FTIR, UV-Vis, and SEM. Following the discovery of the sample`s crystalline nature using X-ray diffraction studies, Miller indices, the lattice parameter, and the average crystallite size were computed. The findings verifying Nano powder of copper smaller than 40 nm in size. Based on FT-IR and UV-Visible spectroscopy, salicylaldehyde and benzoyl hydrazine are used in the production of the Cu (II) complex. The metal complexes` morphology is provided via SEM examination.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  FT-IR, Particle size, SEM, Salicylaldehyde benzoyl hydrazine, UV-Visible XRD

  References
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  Citation
  Sudhir Sawasiya, Pramod Kumar Malviya, "Characterization of a certain Schiff base Cu(II) Complexes using Spectroscopic techniques," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.12, Issue.6, pp.29-35, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  A Methodology for Obtaining the Effective Rest Mass of a Photon – A Focus on Radio Wave

  O.E. Ikuemuya

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp.36-39, Dec-2024

  Abstract

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  Citation

  Abstract
  In recent times, there have been debates among modern scientists on whether photon has a mass or is mass less. This debate has lingered on for a while. This paper establishes that a photon has a discreet mass which is much smaller than that of an electron but is still significant. This paper also presents a methodology on how to mathematically compute the effective rest mass of the photon with a focus on Radio Wave signals. This work also reveals that photon mass is primarily dependent on it frequency which is the reason photon mass is varying. More so the investigation shows why Radio Wave signals which consist of photons as their electromagnetic field carriers are reflected by electrons and ions in the D, E and F layers of the Ionosphere during Radio wave transmission which enhances the aerial reach of radio Wave signal when propagated in the atmosphere.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Photons, mass of photon, Reflection in Ionosphere, D, E & F Layers, Radio Wave

  References
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  Citation
  O.E. Ikuemuya, "A Methodology for Obtaining the Effective Rest Mass of a Photon – A Focus on Radio Wave," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.12, Issue.6, pp.36-39, 2024