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  Anisotropic Bianchi Type-V Perfect Fluid Cosmological Models in f(R, T) Gravity

  Kalpana Pawar, N.T. Katre

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp.1-12, Aug-2023

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  Abstract
  This paper deals with the study of anisotropic Bianchi type-V cosmological model filled with perfect fluid in the framework of f(R, T) gravity, where R and T are the Ricci scalar and trace of the energy-momentum tensor respectively. To solve the field equations completely, we have considered two different cases: (i) the expansion scalar of the space-time is proportional to the shear scalar (Collins et al., 1980) which gives a relationship between metric potentials and (ii) the law of variation of Hubble’s parameter proposed by Berman (1983) which yields the constant deceleration parameter. We have studied some physical and kinematical parameters of both the models and discussed their behavior graphically. The constructed cosmological models are singularity free, expanding and do not approach isotropy throughout the evolution of universe. In the first case, universe decelerates in a standard way, while the second model represents both decelerating and accelerating phase of expansion. Also, the energy conditions are discussed for both the models.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Bianchi type-V, f(R, T) gravity, Perfect fluid, Anisotropic, Energy conditions.

  References
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  Citation
  Kalpana Pawar, N.T. Katre, "Anisotropic Bianchi Type-V Perfect Fluid Cosmological Models in f(R, T) Gravity," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.4, pp.1-12, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  A Non-Destructive Technique for the Analysis of Smartphone Tempered Glass Samples for Forensic Purposes

  Saptarshi Rao, Varshini H, Sudhanshu Shekher Tiwari, Prachi J. Kathane

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp.13-18, Aug-2023

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  Abstract
  Smartphones and their parts/fragments are becoming more common in crime scenes, and are frequently collected as evidence. Tempered glasses are used as screen protectors for mobile phones and other Portable Electronic Devices (PEDs). These tempered glasses can easily break and can be found at the crime scene. Such glass fragments can be recovered in a range of incidents, including hit-and-runs, burglaries, and ram-raids. Tempered glass, unlike other glasses, is still used even if the screen is damaged or cracked, and continues to be used even in that condition. Glass shards obtained at the site of the crime can be compared to bits found on the suspect/victim to ascertain their origin, which can be useful evidence. In this research, the physical and optical properties, along with the elemental composition, of the tempered glasses were analyzed and compared with a standard Soda lime glass. The dimensions, weight, and density of the glass samples were studied. The samples were observed under Stereomicroscope and also examined under Ultraviolet light using a Video Spectral Comparator (VSC). The elemental composition of the samples was examined further using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (ED-XRF). 3D images from the stereomicroscope showed distinct layers in the tempered glass which were absent in Soda lime glass. The densities of the tempered glass samples were similar in the range of 1.5-2 g/cm3 and slightly lower than those of the Soda lime glass. The edges and the superficial surface of the tempered glasses showed fluorescence in different colors and bands in different brands. The tempered glass samples can be distinguished from common Sodalime glass and even differentiated among different brands. Elemental analysis along with other physical examinations can aid in better discrimination of tempered glass samples.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Forensic glass analysis, Smartphone tempered glass, ED-XRF, trace evidence, PEDs.

  References
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  Citation
  Saptarshi Rao, Varshini H, Sudhanshu Shekher Tiwari, Prachi J. Kathane, "A Non-Destructive Technique for the Analysis of Smartphone Tempered Glass Samples for Forensic Purposes," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.4, pp.13-18, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  The Instabilities of Eta Carinae - The Erupting Binary Star System

  Y. Hrushikesh

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp.19-25, Aug-2023

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  Abstract
  This study explores the intriguing properties and variability of Eta Carinae, a massive binary star system, focusing on its emission characteristics and instabilities. This study considers stability conditions based on the star’s semi major axis, Roche lobe overflow, Kepler’s third law. The study aims to deepen our understanding of Eta Carinae`s behavior by comparing it with cataclysmic variable (CV) stars, specifically focusing on mass transfer processes, thermonuclear reactions, and their implications for mass loss and variability. The study begins by providing an overview of Eta Carinae, highlighting its complex variability and notable events such as the "Great Eruption." It then delves into a comparative analysis between Eta Carinae and CV stars, emphasizing similarities and differences in their mass transfer mechanisms, eruption behaviors, and emission properties. Additionally, the study examines the significance of high-intensity H-alpha lines and other emissions in the spectra of Eta Carinae. It investigates the relation between flux and phase, considering the implications for understanding the mass transfer dynamics and variability of the system.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Eta Carinae, Binary star system, instabilities, eruptions, CV star, Rs Ophiuchi.

  References
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  Citation
  Y. Hrushikesh, "The Instabilities of Eta Carinae - The Erupting Binary Star System," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.4, pp.19-25, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Lithological Description of Bornu Basin, Northeastern Nigeria Using Gamma Ray Log and Relative Acoustic Impedance Attribute

  Umeghalu C.O., Egwuonwu G.N., Ezeobi C.F.

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp.26-32, Aug-2023

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  Abstract
  The Bornu Basin, which spans across Chad Republic, Cameroon, and Niger Republic, is an extensional basin that originated from the mechanical separation of the African crustal plate during the Cretaceous period. The geographical boundaries of the study area are defined by latitude 11.750 N to 13.000 N and longitude 12.000 E to 14.000 E. To better understand the distribution of rocks within the basin suitable for hydrocarbon accumulation, a lithological analysis was conducted using gamma ray logs and relative acoustic impedance attributes. By examining changes in gamma ray signatures across multiple wells, the formation tops of Chad, Kierri-kierri, Fika, and Gongila were identified, marked, and correlated across the wells. The well sections were aligned with the Chad formation, encountered at depths ranging from 0 to 220 meters across the wells. Further analysis of lithostratigraphy and seismic attributes, utilizing specialized seismic interpretation software, allowed for the interpretation of the basin`s characteristics and the identification of potential prospects. The gamma ray log analysis revealed that the study area is characterized by interbedded layers of sand and shale. Additionally, lithologic correlation confirmed the presence of both basin and intra-reservoir seals. The relative acoustic impedance survey provided stratigraphic information, further supporting the presence of reservoir and seal rocks within the study area.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Gamma Ray, Lithology, Stratigraphy, Acoustic Impedance, Shale, Well Correlation, Synthetic Seismogram, Density.

  References
  [1] A. A. Avbovbo, E. O. Ayoola and S. A. Osahon, “Depositional and structural styles in Chad Basin of Northeastern Nigeria”, AAPG, Vol.70, Issue.121, pp.1787–1798, 1986.
  [2] C. F. Ezeobi, G. N. Egwuonwu and I.U. Chibuogwu. “Reservoir Identification in Bornu Basin, Northeastern Nigeria Based on Well Log Analysis”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.1, pp.7-16. 2023a
  [3] N. G. Obaje, H. Wehner and G. Scheeder, “Hydrocarbon prospectivity of Nigeria’s inland basins: From the viewpoint of organic geochemistry and organic petrology”, AAPG Bulletin, 2004, Vol.87, pp.325–353, 2004.
  [4] I. Hamza and I. Hamidu, “Hydrocarbon resource potential of the Bornu basin northeastern Nigeria”, Global Journal of Geological Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.1, 2012.
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  [7] C. O. Ajayi and D. E. Ajakaiye, “The Origin and Peculiarities of the Nigeria Benue Trough. Another look from recent gravity data obtained from middle Benue”, Tectonophysics, Vol.12, pp.286-329, 1981.
  [8] NGSA, “Geological and Mineral Resources Map Album”, Nigerian Geological Survey Agency, 2006.
  [9] C. F. Ezeobi, G. N. Egwuonwu and I.U. Chibuogwu, “Reservoir Identification in Bornu Basin, Northeastern Nigeria Using Seismic Attributes Analysis”. International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol.9, Issue.2, pp 1-8, 2023b.
  [10] S. W. Petter and C. M. Ekweozor, “petroleum Geology of Benue Trough and southeastern Chad Basin Nigeria”, GEOLOGIC NOTES, AAPG Bulletin 66, 1141-1149, 1982.
  [11] K. O. Omosanya, A. A. Akinmosin and N. A. Adio, “Hydrocarbon potential of the Nigerian chad basin from wireline logs”, Indian Journal of Science, Vol. 4, Issue.12, pp.1668-1675, 2011.
  [12] C. N. Nwankwo and A. S. Ekine, “ Geothermal gradients in the Chad basin, Nigeria from bottom hole temperature logs, Int Journal of Physical Sciences, Vol.4, Issue.12, pp.777-783, 2009.
  [13] J. A. Adeyinka, S. P. Ola and S. O. Olabode, “Possible Bornu Basin Hydrocarbon Habitat”, International Journal of Geoscience, Vol.5, Issue.9, 2014.
  [14] S. A. Aminu and M. Whiteworth, “Integrated well log and 2-D seismic data interpretation to image subsurface stratigraphy and structure in Northeastern Bornu Basin”, Journal of African Earth Science, Vol.121, pp.1 – 15, 2016
  [15] S. K. Ahmed, K. Liu, H. Moussa, J. Liu, A. H. Ahmed and L. K. Kra, “Assessment of petroleum system elements and migration pattern of Borno (Chad) Basin, Northeastern Nigeria”, Journal of petroleum science and engineering, Vol.208, 2022.
  [16] C. N. Didi, I. I. Obiadi, S. E. Okeke, S. N. Anakor and M. K. Ikomi, “Lithostratigraphic interpretation and analysis of the depositional environment of Nigerian Chad basin using well log and seismic data”, Meridian Journal of Physical Science, Vol.2, Issue.1, 2022.
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  Citation
  Umeghalu C.O., Egwuonwu G.N., Ezeobi C.F., "Lithological Description of Bornu Basin, Northeastern Nigeria Using Gamma Ray Log and Relative Acoustic Impedance Attribute," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.4, pp.26-32, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Growth and Elemental, FTIR Spectroscopic and Thermal Analysis of Pure and Isoleucine Doped Lithium Dihydrogen Phosphate Crystals

  H.K. Ladani, V. J. Pandya, Radhika Rathod, H.O. Jethva

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp.33-37, Aug-2023

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  Abstract
  Pure as well as isoleucine doped lithium dihydrogen phosphate (LDP) crystals are grown at room temperature using the solution growth method. The elemental analysis shows the presence of the atoms of dopant molecule isoleucine and its weight % increases with increase in weight % of the isoleucine, which confirms the successful doping of the isoleucine in the crystal lattice of pure LDP crystal. The FTIR spectra shows the presence of all constitute functional groups of LDP in pure as well as in isoleucine doped LDP crystals. No significant effect of isoleucine doping on the crystal structure of pure LDP is observed except the presence of N – H bending and C – H bending vibrations in the case of 0.6wt% and 0.9wt% isoleucine doped LDP crystals. The thermal analysis of pure and different wt% isoleucine doped LDP crystals indicates that the presence of isoleucine prevents the thermal decomposition of pure LDP at lower temperature and shifts towards higher temperature and reduces the weight loss of pure LDP. The results are discussed and analyzed in detail.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Lithium dihydrogen phosphate, isoleucine, Raman spectroscopy, EDAX, FTIR, TGA

  References
  [1]. R. Dekhili, T. H. Kuffmann, H. Aroui, M. D. Fontana, “Phase transformations in LiH2PO4 (LDP) revealed by Raman spectroscopy”, Solid State Commun., Vol. 279, pp. 22-26, 2018
  [2]. Kwang-Sei Lee, Jae-Hyeon Ko, Joonhee Moon et al., “Raman spectroscopic study of LiH2PO4”, Solid State Commun., Vol. 145, pp. 487-492, 2008
  [3]. Kwang-Sei Lee, Joonhee Moon, Jisu Lee et al, “High-temperature phase transformations in LiH2PO4 and possible solid-state polymerization”, Solid State Commun., Vol. 147, pp.74-77, 2008
  [4]. K. V. Vadhel, V. J. Pandya, M. J. Joshi, H. O. Jethva, “Growth and characterization of pure and l-ornithine monohydrochloride doped ADP crystals”, Int. J. Sci. Res. in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol. 10(3), pp.19-25, 2022
  [5]. H. Bhuva, H. O. Jethva, “EDAX, Thermal, UV-Vis and SHG studies of pure and creatinine doped KDP crystals”, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 10(1), pp.01-06, 2023
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  [12]. R. Benkhoucha, B. Wunderlich, “Crystallization during polymerization of of lithium dihydrogen phosphate. I. Nucleation of the macromolecular crystal from the oligomer melt”, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., Vol. 444, pp.256-266, 1978
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  Citation
  H.K. Ladani, V. J. Pandya, Radhika Rathod, H.O. Jethva, "Growth and Elemental, FTIR Spectroscopic and Thermal Analysis of Pure and Isoleucine Doped Lithium Dihydrogen Phosphate Crystals," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.4, pp.33-37, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  An Investigation of Groundwater Potential and Aquifer Protective Capacity at Aguleri and Nando, Anambra State

  Olisah Nzemeka C., Modu Franklin C., Nwobodo Anthonia

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp.38-45, Aug-2023

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  Abstract
  A geophysical survey using electrical resistivity method was conducted at Aguleri and Nando town in Anambra East LGA, Anambra State, Nigeria to investigate the groundwater potential and aquifer protective capacity. The project area lies within Latitude: 06°17`N - 06°20`N and Longitude: 006°51`E - 006°54`E. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) was carried out with a digital readout resistivity meter (ABEM SAS 1000). The VES data interpretations were done using INTERPEX software and the VES results were presented in terms of resistivity, thickness, depth and lithology. The lithology was inferred to the layers by correlating the lithology log of one of the boreholes drilled in each of the study areas and the geology of the study area. The VES result shows lithologic layers varying from 4 - 6 with the subsurface sequence varying as follows: red earth, shaly sand, shale, sandstone and water saturated sand. The water saturated sand layers constituted the aquifer unit in the area. The aquifer protective capacity was determined by calculating for longitudinal conductance and matching the values to known standards ranging from poor (< 0.1 mhos) to excellent (>10 mhos). The longitudinal conductance was computed to be ranging from 0.1889 – 6.293 mhos. The interpreted VES result also shows that VES 1 – 3 has good, weak and very good aquifer protective capacity of the overburden layers respectively.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  aquifer, aquiferous zone, geoelectric section, vertical electrical sounding, Nando, Aguleri

  References
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  [9]. Obiora D.N., Ajala A.E. and Ibuot J.C. Evaluation of aquifer protective capacity of overburden unit and soil corrosivity in Makurdi, Benue state, Nigeria, using electrical resistivity method J. Earth Syst. Sci. vol. 124, issue 1 pp. 125–135, 2015 Indian Academy of Sciences.
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  [11]. Oghenero O.A., Kizito E. A., Felix I.C., Nwankwoala H.O.Assessing the Protective Capacity of Aquifers Using Very-Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Survey. Geosciences vol. 8 issue 150 pp. 1-13, 2018.
  [12]. Ogungbemi, S.O. Longitudinal Conductance/Protective Capacity Rating. Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics vol. 1 issue 5 pp. 1 – 7, 2013.
  [13]. Oladapo, M.I. and Akintorinwa, O.J., “Hydro Geophysical Study of Ogbese Southwestern, Nigeria” Global J Pure and Applied Sci. vol. 13 pp. 55, 2007
  [14]. Oladunjoye, M.A., Olayinka, A.I. and Amidu, S.A. Geo-electrical imaging at an abandoned waste dumpsite in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Applied Science, vol. 11 issue 22 pp. 3755 – 3764, 2011.
  [15]. Olajide, A. S., Bayodea, T. F., Oyebamijic, A. J., Amosun, A. O. Evaluation of Aquifer Protective Capacity and Groundwater Potential in Part of Iju, Akure-North, Ondo State, Nigeria. J. Nig. Soc. Phys. Sci. issue 2 pp. 197–204, 2020.
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  Citation
  Olisah Nzemeka C., Modu Franklin C., Nwobodo Anthonia, "An Investigation of Groundwater Potential and Aquifer Protective Capacity at Aguleri and Nando, Anambra State," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.4, pp.38-45, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Concept of Macrostate and Microstate in the Classical Statistical Mechanics: A Review

  S.K. Parida

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp.46-49, Aug-2023

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  Abstract
  Statistical mechanics is the branch of theoretical physics studying the microscopic properties of a system in equilibrium. When a system consists of many particles and the different methods employed are to get a macroscopic property of the system without taking individual motion into account, the probability is required. A macrostate refers to the bigger physical world whereas a microstate connects to the physical quantities in smaller dimensions. The impact of the terms has a big role in statistical mechanics to derive and explain the different physical quantities. The pressure, volume, temperature, etc. are examples of the macrostate. The different possible ways in which the system can be achieved in a particular macrostate introduce the term called microstate. A microstate of a thermodynamical system is found by defining the states of all of its constituent elements. The subject of statistical mechanics works as a bridge between quantum mechanics (micro-world) and thermodynamics (macro-world). So; the understanding of macrostate and microstate enables us to see and interpret the physical world.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Statistical mechanics, quantum mechanics, microstate, macrostate, and thermodynamics

  References
  [1] M. Malgieri, P. Onorato, A. Valentini, A. De Ambrosis. “Improving the connection between the microscopic and macroscopic approaches to thermodynamics in high school,” Phys. Educ., Vol. 51, pp. 65010-65017, 2016
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  Citation
  S.K. Parida, "Concept of Macrostate and Microstate in the Classical Statistical Mechanics: A Review," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.4, pp.46-49, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Structural and Transport Properties of Strontium-doped Lanthanum Manganite Thin Films as Cathode for SOFC Application

  B.S. Kamble, U.M. Chougale

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp.50-55, Aug-2023

  Abstract

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  Abstract
  In the current research paper strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (LSM) material in thin film with 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30 mol % strontium (Sr) was synthesized by spray pyrolysis technique (SPT). The thin film was sintered at 900 ?, it had been characterized by XRD, FESEM for surface morphological analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Dielectric constant was measured with temperature variation. The Warburg impedance measurement was carried out with frequency variation in the range 100Hz-5MHz at room temperature. XRD results confirmed that the LSM perovskite phase was formed. Impedance study showed that with increasing strontium polarization resistance decreases.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Spray Pyrolysis, Electrochemical impedance, Cathode, LSM, SOFC

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  Citation
  B.S. Kamble, U.M. Chougale, "Structural and Transport Properties of Strontium-doped Lanthanum Manganite Thin Films as Cathode for SOFC Application," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.4, pp.50-55, 2023