Volume-11 , Issue-6 , Dec 2023, ISSN 2348-3423 (Online) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Spatial Force and Its Procedure for Converting Asymmetrical Matter to a Symmetrical State

  Bisnudeb Biswas

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp.1-8, Dec-2023

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  Abstract
  In this paper, I have presented the spatial force (SF) of the universe that can solve the complex problems existing in physics. A major endeavor of modern physicists is to discover the dominant force of the universe so that they can unify physics. Nowadays, researchers are interested in dark energy. The concept of dark energy indicates that energy and matter are not the same things. So I assumed that the dominant force of the universe must be non-material. Then I proved the reality of my assumption by experiments. The experiments show that if the matter is removed from its previous space, the force of that space is revealed. Therefore, I have formed SF theory that can explain the complex problems existing in physics. The SF is symmetric at any quantity in space. It is also fully regulative at any point (at any quantity) in space. The force converts asymmetrical matter to a symmetrical state. I have described the practical usage of the SF. The existence and the eternal procedure of SF indicate the stationary universe. SF theory explains light and waves as different things. A new definition of light has come out through my research. Quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, strong nuclear force, and mind can be explained with SF theory. In addition, the theory of relativity can be nullified by SF theory.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Analytical Tendency, Asymmetrical Matter, Non-material Force, Commencing effect, Spatial Force, Symmetrical Force, Synthetic Tendency.

  References
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  Citation
  Bisnudeb Biswas, "Spatial Force and Its Procedure for Converting Asymmetrical Matter to a Symmetrical State," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.6, pp.1-8, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Revisiting the significance of Planck’s Constant in Quantum Mechanics

  Lemuel Sanbha Khongngain

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp.9-12, Dec-2023

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  Quantum Mechanics is a branch of Physics which was introduced recently and it started with the failure of Classical Mechanics in explaining various phenomena like stability of atoms, spectrum of black body radiation, photoelectric effect and many more. Quantum Mechanics started when the constant h(Planck’s Constant) was introduced in the Planck Radiation law by Max Planck in 1900. In this paper we will revisit the significance of the Planck’s constant in shaping and paving the way for the development of Quantum Mechanics.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Quantum of Action, Blackbody Radiation, Concept Synthesizer, Dirac’s constant

  References
  [1]. M. Planck, “On the law of Energy Distribution In the Normal Spectrum,” Annalen der Physik IV, German Physical Society, pp.237, 1900.
  [2]. RA Millikan “A direct Photoelectric Determination of Planck’s ‘h’,” American Physical Society, Phys. Rev. Vol.7, No.5, pp.355-388, March 1916.
  [3]. Jean- Marc Levy Leblond, “On the Conceptual Nature of Physical Constants,” Riv. Nuovo Cim, Vol.7, pp.187-214, 1977. Published on November 2007.
  [4]. A. O. Barut, “The Creation of a Photon: A Heuristic Calculation of Planck’s Constant h or the Fine Structure Constant,” Z. Naturforsch. 33a, 993-994 (1978); received May 30, 1978.
  [5]. N. Bohr Dr. Phil, “On the constitution of atoms and molecules,” Philosophical Magazine Series 6, 26:151, pp.1-25, 1913.
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  Citation
  Lemuel Sanbha Khongngain, "Revisiting the significance of Planck’s Constant in Quantum Mechanics," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.6, pp.9-12, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  A Study of Chemically Deposited Barium Titanate (Batio3) Thin Films Doped with Natural Dyes and Their Photovoltaic Applications

  C.N. Eze, A.I. Onyia, M.N. Nnabuchi

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp.13-23, Dec-2023

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  Abstract
  Ternary thin films of BaTiO3 nanostructures were synthesized at 90 0C via the Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) route under room temperature. They were doped with three natural (local/organic) dyes extracted from Lawsonia inermis leaves, Beta vulgaries roots, and Jatropha curcas leaves and thereafter annealed at 400 0C. doped and as-deposited nanostructures were studied employing XRD, SEM, FTIR, UV-VIS, and EDXRF. Our X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed a polycrystalline structure. The SEM studies exhibited porous structures advantageous for dye loading. The EDXRF shows the compositional elements. The FTIR reveals the carboxylate and photo physical properties of the dyes. The UV-VIS investigation presented band gap energies Eg of the doped as ad (BR) = 2.60 eV; bd (OO) = 1.61 eV; ccd (LL) = 1.90 eV against the as-deposited AD (g1) = 3.10 eV showing that the dyes reduced the Eg of the thin films occurring from an increased absorption coefficient ?. The Nano porous, as-deposited thin films adsorb the extracted dyes on the surface and the interaction between the Nano porous films and the natural dyes used to dope BaTiO3 was studied using UV-VIS spectrophotometer with the aim of investigating their photovoltaic applications.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  BaTiO3, Characterization, CBD, Doping, Organic/natural dyes, Photovoltaic applications, Synthesis.

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  Citation
  C.N. Eze, A.I. Onyia, M.N. Nnabuchi, "A Study of Chemically Deposited Barium Titanate (Batio3) Thin Films Doped with Natural Dyes and Their Photovoltaic Applications," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.6, pp.13-23, 2023

• Open Access   Article

  Satellite-based Navigation and Position Fixing in Nigeria: Progress and Prospects

  Thomas U. Omali

  Short Communication | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp.24-26, Dec-2023

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  Abstract
  Artificial Satellites are used in various fields including geodesy. Satellite–based solution to geodetic problems can be divided into geometric and dynamic methods. Geometric methods were utilized in the practical execution of the early geodetic programs of the satellite (space) triangulation, allowing high accurate determination of locations. Dynamic techniques depends on calculating the precise satellites orbit gotten from trajectory measurements, with consideration to all the forces that affect them. The aim of this study is to present satellites application for navigation and position fixing in Nigeria with specific interest in the progress and prospects. The paper presented the Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) spread across Nigeria.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  CORS, geocentric datum, GNSS, navigation, NIGNET, positioning

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  Citation
  Thomas U. Omali, "Satellite-based Navigation and Position Fixing in Nigeria: Progress and Prospects," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.6, pp.24-26, 2023