Source of Energy for creation of Universe, Minimum possible length and resolution of Hubble tension

Biswaranjan Dikshit¹

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp.44-48, Apr-2023

Online published on Apr 30, 2023

Copyright © Biswaranjan Dikshit . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

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Abstract :
Big Bang inflationary cosmological model doesn’t explain the source of energy responsible for creation of our universe. If the universe is assumed to be created by a quantum vacuum fluctuation, uncertainty principle permits creation of maximum energy of ~10-8 kg in Planck time whereas total energy due to matter/vacuum in the universe is more than ~1054 kg. Thus, instantaneous creation of such huge energy of the universe from complete emptiness violates the law of conservation of energy. However, this problem can be solved if, by considering negative gravitational potential energy, net energy of the universe can be mathematically proved to be equal to zero right from the beginning of the universe to till date. In other words, gravitational potential energy (whose sign is negative) can be the source of all positive energy due to matter and vacuum. In this article, we derive the necessary condition required in any cosmological model to make net energy of the universe equal to zero. Then, we show that the recently published new cosmological model based on quantization of zero-point field satisfies this necessary condition for zero-energy universe whereas Big-Bang inflationary model doesn’t. Thus, law of conservation of energy is satisfied in new model during creation of the universe from complete emptiness. It is also brought out to the notice that zero energy universe is possible only if smallest possible length in nature is, lmin = lp(?/2)1/2 = 2.0×10-35 m which is of the order of Planck length. Finally, some unique features of the new cosmological model are stated and Hubble constant tension is resolved.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Conservation of Energy, Creation of universe, Minimum length, Planck length

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