Volume-9 , Issue-1 , Mar 2022, ISSN 2348-635X Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  The Use of Charcoal and Isopropyl Alcohol as Alternative Ink for Whiteboard Markers: A Comparative Analysis between the Innovation and Commercialized Ink

  Justin B. Barrameda

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp.1-6, Mar-2022

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  Whiteboard marker has been used extensively due to its perceived safety compared to chalk. Recent reports, however, showed that commercialized ink also imposes health risks in addition to its expensiveness. This study aims to innovate an ink using charcoal and isopropyl alcohol in comparison to the commercialized ink. Quantitative-developmental approach using quasi-experimental method was conducted to determine and compare the acceptability rates of innovated ink vis-a-vis commercialized ink considering color intensity, consistency, and smell as parameters for assessment. A total of 50 randomly selected student-respondents composed the experimental and comparison groups. Development of innovated ink was basically done through pulverizing the charcoal and pouring the isopropyl alcohol until the black liquid material is formed. Results revealed the higher levels of acceptability rates from experimental group indicating the usability and feasibility of the innovated ink compared to the commercialized ink in the comparison group following the statistical analysis of color intensity, consistency, and smell. This was further supported by the statistical difference in the mean of responses (p<0.05) connoting the effectiveness of the innovation over commercialized ink grounded on the parameters tested. This study recommends to further pulverize and mix the charcoal to obtain the intended utmost result, and to test the innovation in printer cartridges. The study concludes the effectiveness of the innovated ink as an alternative ink to whiteboard markers.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Ink, Charcoal, Whiteboard Marker, Innovation, Alternative Ink

  References
  [1] MedLine Plus, “Toluene and xylene poisoning” National Library of Medicine, 2022.
  [2] F.R. Charvet, F.T.M Silva, L. Ruivo, L. Tarelho, A. Matos, J.F Silva, D. Neves “Pyrolysis Characteristics of Undrvalued Wood Varieties in the Portuguese Charcoal Sector”, MDPI, Vol. 14, No. 9, pp. 2537-, 2021
  [3] L . Luo, “Four Characteristics of Carbon”, Leaf Group Ltd./ Leaf Group Media, 2020
  [4] N.Garcia,“What is Isopropyl Alcohol? – Uses, Structure & Formula” Study.com, 2016.
  [5] B.Berrie, “Artists Pigments: A Handbook of Their History and Characteristics”, Archetype, Vol 1-4,2007.
  [6] E.Brown, “The Disadvantage of Whiteboard in the Classroom” Classroom, n.d.
  [7] A. Jolly and A. Waiss, “The Danger of the Expo Marker” Amador Valley Today, 2018.
  [8] V.Cruz, “Charcoal and used engine oil as an alternative whiteboard marker” Coursehero,pp. 1-18, 2014
  [9] Armstrong, L. Azarcon, M. Buenaventura, K. Gella, V. Lianto& J. Roque, “Charcoal as a Primary Agent for an Alternative Printer Ink”. Sacred Heart Academy of Pasig (Unpublished Research). pp. 1-28, 2016.
  [10] V. Angeles, E. Hermosa, A. Manguilin, V. Pones, R. Palomares, “Charcoal as an Alternative Ink to Carbon Black for Permanent Marker” Dr. Pablo Olivarez High School, Olivarez College. 2016
  [11] Ibid. (4)
  [12] E.Pires, E. Tartari, F. Rodregues& D. Pittet “ Ethanol-based handrubs: safe for patients and health care worker” American Journal of Infection Control. Vol. 44, Issue 8, pp. 858-859, 2016.
  [13] R.Walls, “Isopropyl Alcohol” Essentials of Medical Biochemistry, 2011.
  [14] H. Taherdoost, “What is the Best Response Scale for Survey and Questionnaire Design; Review of Different Lengths of Rating Scale/Attitude Scale/Likert Scale, International Journal of Academic Research in Management, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 1-10, 2019
  [15] D. Dionisio, “Statistical Scales and Degree of Equivalence” Republic Colleges (Unpublished Thesis) 2018.
  [16] Ibid. (9)
  [17] R.J. Slaughter, RW. Mason, DM. Beasley, JA. Vale & LJ Scep, “Isoprppanol poisoning”ClinToxical (Phila), Vol. 52, Issue 5, pp. 470-478, 2014.
  

  Citation
  Justin B. Barrameda, "The Use of Charcoal and Isopropyl Alcohol as Alternative Ink for Whiteboard Markers: A Comparative Analysis between the Innovation and Commercialized Ink," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.1, pp.1-6, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Comparative Study between Pure Calcium Cored Wire and Conventional Cored Wire (CaSi, CaFe) Addition for Secondary Refining of Steel

  Kumar Abhishek, Rajib Khanda, Dipankar Biswas, Kiran Kumar Keshari, K Rama Krishna

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp.7-17, Mar-2022

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  With over five years of experience of using conventional cored wire (CaSi/CaFe), the steel melting shop under consideration felt the need for switching over to an alternate option in view of the problems, like low yield, high wire consumption, frequent wire breakage during wire feeding and SEN clogging, faced with conventional wire. For this, and to keep up with the changing trend in steel plants worldwide in secondary refining technology, the shop turned to the use of pure Ca cored wire for better results. For exploring the benefits of this type of wire under the shop’s operating conditions, plant trials were conducted with pure Ca cored wire from three different suppliers on supply and application basis. From this exercise, it was found that pure Ca cored wire fared better than conventional wire on all fronts. Substantial difference was found in yield and wire consumption of the two types of wire. Wire consumption decreased by more than half and yield improved almost four times. These results were substantiated by data and plots in the study. Secondary refining time reduced but was not appreciable. Other noticeable benefits included no wire breakage during wire feeding, no clogging during casting and higher shelf life of the wire apart from consistency in result. The trials proved pure Ca cored wire to be a promising substitute for conventional wire. Therefore, the plant is looking forward to establish its usage at its steel melting shop. The aim of this paper is to present a succinct description of the details of the trials.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  conventional wire, pure Ca wire, Ca cored wire, CaSi, CaFe, recovery

  References
  [1] L. Holappa, O. Wijk, ”Inclusion Engineering” in Treatise on Process Metallurgy, Elsevier, ch. 1.7, pp. 347-372, 2014.
  [2] S. Sanyal, S. Chandra, S. Kumar and G.G. Roy, “An Improved Model of Cored Wire Injection in Steel Melts”, ISIJ International, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 1157-1166, Jan, 2004.
  [3] A. Kamble, D. Lawrance, P.K. Sinha and S.B. Misra, “Enhancing calcium recovery by introduction of pure calcium cored wires in steel ladles”
  [4] Kamaraj, Ashok & Saravanakumar, R & Rajaguru, M. (2018). State of the Art Control Measures for Aluminium Fade and SEN Clogging during Steelmaking Operations. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 314. 012022. 10.1088/1757-899X/314/1/012022.
  [5] Harsh Priyadarshi. Experimental and Numerical Study of Calcium Treatment of Steel. Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph]. École centrale de

  Citation
  Kumar Abhishek, Rajib Khanda, Dipankar Biswas, Kiran Kumar Keshari, K Rama Krishna, "Comparative Study between Pure Calcium Cored Wire and Conventional Cored Wire (CaSi, CaFe) Addition for Secondary Refining of Steel," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.1, pp.7-17, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Design of Wireless Sensor System of Monitoring and Controlling Parking Cars

  Mortada M.Abdulwahab, Abdalrhman A. Mohammed, Abdalrhman H. Mohammed, Mohammed M. Hamza

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp.18-22, Mar-2022

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  Recently advanced electronics technologies have been widely used in many applications to provide efficient services. Modern cities are becoming more crowded with cars due to the civilized life of people; so there was shortage of the available parking places. Thus to overcome this problem, the available parking spaces must be organized using sophisticated system to avoid many problems such as illegal parking, accidents, waste of fuel and time. The objective of this paper is to design a smart parking system to help drivers easily parking their cars in crowded cities. The design used a network of infrared sensors that sensed the situation in each space of the parking. The design structure consists of group of sensors, XBee module and Arduino microcontroller. The devices are connected wirelessly to a monitoring page through an XBee transmitter. The monitoring page displays the parking availability the crowded places and parking time. As soon as the vehicle been in the correct position the timer begins to display on the monitoring page. The system users have a username and password to access the monitoring page. The system simulated in different operating scenarios in order to overcome all the problems of parking. The results give that the system works correctly and achieved the required objectives .The simulation results reveal that the proposed system can be an excellent solution to many parking problems for the government facilities and other large facilities.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Electronic design; Sensors; WSN; Visual basic

  References
  [1] An Overview Of Common Parking Issues, Parking Management Options, and Creative Solutions" Prepared For: City of Pasadena Department Of Transportation , Banerjee & Associates"2003
  [2] Kimly H" Parking Structure Design Guide Lines", prepared for capital city BIOS E IDAHO, 2016.
  [3] Zhendong Liu, Dongyan Li, Yurong Yang, Xi Chen, Xinrong Lv, and Xiaofeng Li," Design and Implementation of the Optimization Algorithm in the Layout of Parking Lot Guidance", Wireless communication and computing,,Volume. 2021, Article ID 6639558, 6 pages, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6639558.
  [4] Ching-Hung Lee, Yu-Hui Wang, Amy J.C. Trappey, Service design for intelligent parking based on theory of inventive problem solving and service blueprint, Advanced Engineering Informatics, Volume 29, Issue 3, Pages 295-306, 2015, ISSN 1474-0346,
  [5] Saidur Rahman, Poly Bhoumik" IoT Based Smart Parking System", pp. 11–16, International Journal of Advances in Computer and Electronics Engineering, Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2019, ISSN: 2456 – 3935
  [6] Kimmo Karvinen and Tero Karvinen" Getting started with sensors", Maker media, 2014.
  [7] Charless B," Beginning Sensor Networks with XBee, Raspberry pi and Arduin", second edition, Apress, 2020
  [8] John . B " Arduino Workshop", no starch press, 2013.
  [9] K. Sohrabyn. D. Minoli, T. Znati. , "Wireless Sensor Networksp", 2007.
  [10] MY Idna Idris, YY Leng, EM Tamil, NM Noor, Z Razak " Car park system: A review of smart parking system and its technology ", Information Technology Journal Vol(8) issue (2): pp:101-113, 2009
  [11] G.Revathi and V.R.Sarma Dhulipala ," Smart Parking Systems and Sensor "In the proceeding of the 2012 IEEE International Conference on Computing Communication and Applications 1(ICCCA2012), Tamilnadu, pp:1-5, 2012.
  [12] Jung-Ho Moon, Tae Kwon Ha " A Car Parking Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Networks" World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering Vol:7, No:10, 2013.
  [13] Harsh Shambwani, Pawan Ailani, Vishal Janyani " Intelligent Car Parking Monitoring System ", International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Volume 4, Issue 9, September 2015
  [14] Humaid Saif Alshamsi, Veton Z Këpuska"Smart Car Parking System" International Journal of Science and Technology, Volume 5 No. 8, August, 2016.
  [15] Prasad Kharde, Sujeet Pal, Santosh Kawle "Smart Parking System" International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJSRCSEIT), Vol.(3) issue(1), 2018, ISSN : 2456-3307

  Citation
  Mortada M.Abdulwahab, Abdalrhman A. Mohammed, Abdalrhman H. Mohammed, Mohammed M. Hamza, "Design of Wireless Sensor System of Monitoring and Controlling Parking Cars," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.1, pp.18-22, 2022