Volume-11 , Issue-3 , Sep 2024, ISSN 2348-635X

• Open Access   Article

  A Nobel LLDI Index for Optimal Deployment of RERs Based HES: A Case Study for UDUS

  Nasiru Abubakar, Inuwa Barau Inuwa, Zahraddin Umar Dahiru

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp.1-10, Sep-2024

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  Abstract
  Renewable energy resources (RERs) especially of Wind energy and PV system (together with battery storage system BSS) plays a key role in mitigating carbon emission by deploying and integrating the RERs as hybrid energy system (HES) to existing conventional power system. To ensure reliable and efficient energy solutions of the HES, the deployment is mostly formulated as multi objective optimization problem. To enhanced the optimal capacity deployment of RERs devices, an improved objective function based on proposed lost load dump load index (LLDLI) is proposed. Solution of the optimization problem for the proposed using particle swamp optimization (PSO) in MATLAB/Simulink shows that the convergence rate of the proposed method is faster than the conventional method, thus indicating that the proposed method is more efficient and requires less iteration count to converge to optimal solution. In addition, the case study of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto (UDUS), Nigeria distribution system which is used as the test system shows that system supply reliability increased by 17.5% for the HES, the deployment and operational cost is minimized by 35% while the contribution of the of the RERs in the HES system is significantly increased to 40%, while significantly minimizing power losses. Conclusively, the proposed method is more robust and efficient for the deployment of HES system to existing power distribution system

  Key-Words / Index Term
  RERs, Wind energy, PV system, BSS, HES PSO, LLDI

  References
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  Citation
  Nasiru Abubakar, Inuwa Barau Inuwa, Zahraddin Umar Dahiru, "A Nobel LLDI Index for Optimal Deployment of RERs Based HES: A Case Study for UDUS," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.3, pp.1-10, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Heat Conduction Differential Equation and Its Solutions for Steady-State

  Akhrorbek Abdunabiyev, Bobur Mirzo Shakirov, Xamidova Shohidaxon

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp.11-16, Sep-2024

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  Objective. The study of any physical process is determined by finding the relationship between the quantities characterizing that process. For heat conduction, such a relationship is the heat conduction differential equation. To derive this equation, we consider the following: there are no internal heat sources, the body is homogeneous and isotropic. Methods. We consider the solutions of the differential equation for steady-state. For example, let`s consider heat conduction through a multi-layer flat wall. For this, we need to know the boundary conditions. In many heat exchange devices used in industry, we consider the process of heat transfer by heat conduction through a multi-layer flat wall made of materials with different thermal conductivities. Results. The heat conduction differential equation determines the relationship between the quantities involved in the transfer of heat by heat conduction Conclusion. In each layer of the wall, the temperature changes along a logarithmic curve. We consider the process of heat transfer through a multi-layer wall in a steady-state regime. Therefore, the amount of heat flux $Q$ passing through each layer of the wall is constant in magnitude and the same for all layers.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  heat conduction, differential, heat exchange, curve, single-layer, multi-layer, flat wall, heat transfer.

  References
  [1] Akhrorbek Abdunabiev, Shoyatbek Tohirov, “Advanced innovative technologies and sustainable practices for effective management of industrial waste,” World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.1, pp.16-22, 2024.
  [2] Solijonov Muhammaddiyor, "Methods of Evacuating People from Buildings During a Fire: A Review," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.15-20, 2023
  [3] Ahrorbek Abdunabiyev, "Analysis of the Legal and Organizational Aspects of the Employer`s Responsibility and Obligation to Comply With Labor Protection Requirements," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.8-14, 2023.
  [4] Ahrorbek Abdunabiyev, "The Responsibility and Obligation of Employers to Comply with Labor Protection Requirements," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.21-26, 2023
  [5] S.L. Mewada, “Exploration of Efficient Symmetric AES Algorithm,” Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.135-156, 2022.
  [6] S. Todeka, S.L. Mewada, “Concentrate on Engineering Basics,” World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.3, pp.321-335, 1992.
  [7] S.L. Mewada, “Exploration of Efficient Symmetric AES Algorithm,” Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.135-156, 2022.
  [8] S. Todeka, S.L. Mewada, “Concentrate on Engineering Basics,” World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.3, pp.321-335, 1992.

  Citation
  Akhrorbek Abdunabiyev, Bobur Mirzo Shakirov, Xamidova Shohidaxon, "Heat Conduction Differential Equation and Its Solutions for Steady-State," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.3, pp.11-16, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Efficient Project Management Schedule for MSc Studies in Northwestern Nigerian Universities Employing CPM and PERT Techniques

  Mansur Nuhu Alhassan, Zakariya Abubakar, Saadatu Abubakar

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp.17-21, Sep-2024

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  Abstract
  Effective project execution relies heavily on sound planning and scheduling methods. Unfortunately, planning and scheduling often pose challenges due to their complexity and time consuming nature. This research focuses on identifying the critical activities involved in MSc studies and developing an optimal project management schedule for MSc students in chosen universities in Northern Nigeria, utilizing CPM and PERT methodologies. Data was collected through a survey questionnaire distributed to final year Masters Students and MSc holders in the selected universities, employing a convenience sampling approach. Critical activities identified include; Review of Literature, Writing of Proposal, Proposal Defence, Generation of the Results, and Presentation of the Results, Thesis Writing, Submission of Thesis, Internal Defence, Final Correction, Final Submission and Graduation. The study determined an optimal Master’s program duration of 35 months, with a high probability (0.99) of completing the program within this timeframe.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Project Management, Probabilistic computations, Network analysis, Optimal Schedule, Critical Path

  References
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  Citation
  Mansur Nuhu Alhassan, Zakariya Abubakar, Saadatu Abubakar, "Efficient Project Management Schedule for MSc Studies in Northwestern Nigerian Universities Employing CPM and PERT Techniques," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.3, pp.17-21, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Strategies to Promote Leadership and Accountability in Sustainability through Sustainability Management Systems

  Akhrorbek Abdunabiyev, Ruzixon Odiljonova, Moydinkhonov Sherzodbek

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp.22-26, Sep-2024

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  Abstract
  Sustainability has emerged as a critical imperative for organizations across diverse sectors, driven by escalating environmental concerns, societal pressures, and regulatory frameworks. Embedding sustainability into organizational strategies and operations requires a systematic and comprehensive approach. Sustainability management systems (SMS) provide a structured framework for integrating environmental, social, and economic considerations into decision-making processes. This article explores strategies to promote leadership and accountability in sustainability through the adoption and effective implementation of SMS. By fostering a culture of continuous improvement, stakeholder engagement, and transparent reporting, SMS can empower organizations to demonstrate genuine commitment to sustainable practices. The IMRAD format is followed, encompassing an introduction to the topic, a discussion of methodological approaches, an analysis of results from relevant case studies, and a concluding discussion on the implications and future directions for leveraging SMS to drive sustainable leadership and accountability.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  sustainability, leadership, accountability, sustainability management systems, environmental management, social responsibility, corporate governance, ISO 14001, stakeholder engagement, continuous improvement

  References
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  [9] S.L. Mewada, “Exploration of Efficient Symmetric AES Algorithm,” Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.135-156, 2022.
  [10] S. Todeka, S.L. Mewada, “Concentrate on Engineering Basics,” World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.6, Issue.3, pp.321-335, 1992.

  Citation
  Akhrorbek Abdunabiyev, Ruzixon Odiljonova, Moydinkhonov Sherzodbek, "Strategies to Promote Leadership and Accountability in Sustainability through Sustainability Management Systems," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.3, pp.22-26, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Synchronization Capability and Frequency stability Improvement of PLL based GFLI using E-PIRC Connected to Weak and Distorted Grid

  Inuwa Barau Inuwa, Ahamed Shehu Timta

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp.27-34, Sep-2024

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  Abstract
  Voltage source converter-based phase locked loop (PLL) grid following inverters (GFLI) are one of the technologies used in inverter-based resources (IBR) for integration of clean and renewable energy to an energized grid. However, PLL-based GFLI have drawback of synchronization instabilities when connected to an energized weak grid or a grid low short circuit ratio (SCR). The factor responsible for the synchronization difficulties which results to frequency instability is due to vector current control (VCC) loop interaction between the current controller PLL dynamics. The traditional PIRC (T-PIRC) harmonics compensation and disturbance rejection capability in the VCC deteriorates under weak grid, thus resulting in cascading effect on PLL dynamics. To improve the synchronization capability, a voltage feedforward control is proposed and enclosed within the T-PIRC, the enhanced PIRC (E-PIRC) is able to reject the disturbance under varying SCR conditions. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink shows the frequency stability and synchronization capability is improved under varying SCR conditions. Conclusively, the proposed method is robust in terms of grid weakness and its implementation does not require additional controller.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  IBR, Weak grid, GFLI, PLL, T-PIRC, E-PIRC, voltage disturbance

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  Citation
  Inuwa Barau Inuwa, Ahamed Shehu Timta, "Synchronization Capability and Frequency stability Improvement of PLL based GFLI using E-PIRC Connected to Weak and Distorted Grid," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.3, pp.27-34, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Improving Methods for Evacuating People from Buildings during a Fire

  Akhrorbek Abdunabiyev, Muhammaddiyot Solijonov

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp.34-39, Sep-2024

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  Abstract
  Fires in buildings pose a significant threat to human lives, making efficient evacuation methods crucial. This article aims to address the challenges and propose innovative solutions for enhancing the evacuation process during fire incidents. The research employs a comprehensive approach, integrating theoretical modeling, practical observations, and technological advancements. Key findings include the development of an evacuation management system, introduction of cutting-edge technologies such as mobile applications, virtual reality, and drones, as well as the implementation of training programs to educate occupants on evacuation procedures. The proposed methods demonstrate the potential to streamline evacuation, improve safety, and ultimately save lives.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  fire, buildings, emergency, evacuation, fire spread, smoke, structure, occupants, exits, modeling, simulation, observations, human behavior.

  References
  [1] A. Abdunabiyev, “The Responsibility and Obligation of Employers to Comply with Labor Protection Requirements” World Academics Journal Of Engineering Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.01-04, 2023.
  [2] A. Abdunabiyev, “Analysis of the legal and organizational aspects of the employer`s responsibility and obligation to comply with labor protection requirements.” World Academics Journal Of Engineering Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.01-04, 2023.
  [3] Solijonov Muhammaddiyor, "Methods of Evacuating People from Buildings During a Fire: A Review," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.10, Issue.4, pp.15-20, 2023
  [4] A. Walied U. Bhuvan, “Research Methodologies: An Extensive Overview”. International Journal of Science and Research Methodology., Vol.6, Issue.4, 2017.
  [5] L. Haiying “An Empirical Review of Research Methodologies and Methods in Creativity Studies (2003–2012)”, Creativity Research Journal, Vol.26, Issue.4, pp.427-438, 2014. DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2014.961781.
  [6] A. Dennis, B. Haley. R. Roth, “Systems Analysis and Design”, 5th ed. 2015.
  [7] Abhijeet Jadhav, Rohit R Mutkekar, S. B. Munoli, "Break Points in Life Table Mean Residual Life Times and Estimated Hazard Rates" Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMSS)Vol.10 , Issue.5 , pp.7-13, Oct-2023
  [8] M. Gra¨tzel Dye-sensitized solar cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews (4), pp.145–153, 2003..
  [9] S.L. Mewada, “Exploration of Efficient Symmetric AES Algorithm,” Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.135-156, 2022.
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  Citation
  Akhrorbek Abdunabiyev, Muhammaddiyot Solijonov, "Improving Methods for Evacuating People from Buildings during a Fire," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.3, pp.34-39, 2024

• Open Access   Article

  Dimensional Stability Investigation on a Gas Turbine Blade in Investment Casting

  Y. Miladi, M.R. Alizadeh, A. Khedmati

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp.40-45, Sep-2024

  Abstract

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  Abstract
  In General, casting process with high dimensional accuracy has been always very challenging. In effect, in these casting processes, dimensional deviations usually are initiated from wax injection into a die. In this research, the blade that was studied had a shroud and its airfoil’s length was very long, thus, the most deviation in the dimension of the blade was observed in the shroud of the blade. In other words, the dimension of the blade was studied in its shroud specifically. Therefore, casting the blade with an appropriate degree of accuracy and stability was very difficult and significant. In this study, one proposed solution that suggested preventing the deviation was controlling the dimension of the shroud to assure its geometry assurance. The proposed solution was to attach a wax rod from the platform area to shroud to prevent further deflection of the blade tip. Then, to evaluate the deviation amount, dimension was measured by coordinate measuring machine (CMM) tool and also by geometry optical measuring (GOM) method. The results show that using wax rods improved the dimensional deviations. In fact, the statistical measurements show that the amount of deviation in the critical points of the blades with rod is more compatible with the base model compared to the blades without rod.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Dimensional Stability; Dimensional Deviation; Investment Casing, Investment casting, Wax, Shroud

  References
  [1] M. Horacek, et al. “Influence of injection parameters to the dimensional stability of wax pattern”, 9th World Conference on Investment Casting, San Francisco, California, USA, pp.1-20, 1996.
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  [12] M.R. Alizadeh , Y. Miladi, A. Khedmati, “Investigation of shrinkage porosity in a Nickel-based super alloy blade by using computer simulation”, World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol. 1, pp.1-6 March 2023.
  [13] M.R. Alizadeh, “Simulation of Ni-Based Super-alloy and Optimizing of its Mechanical Properties in a Near-Shaped Turbine Blade Part”. Hindawi Publishing Corporation in Indian Journal of Materials Science, 19 March 2015.
  [14] M.R. Alizadeh, Y. Miladi, “Influence of Ceramic Filter on Surface Defects in Investment Casting”, World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol. 8, pp.32-35 March 2021.
  [15] M.R. Alizadeh , Y. Miladi, M. Naseri, A.M. Kolagar, “Ceramic Filter Effect on Surface Defects in Nickel Based Super-alloy”, World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol. 1, pp.14-18 March 2023.
  [16] M.R. Alizadeh, Y. Miladi, A. Khedmati, “Investigation of Shrinkage porosity in a Nickel Based Super alloy Blade by Using Computer Simulation”, World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol. 1, pp.1-6 March 2023.
  [17] A.M. Kolagar, M.R. Alizadeh, Y. Miladi, “Additive Manufacturing of Polymer by FDM method in investment casting of gas turbine hot components”, World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol. 10, pp.07-16 Sep 2023.

  Citation
  Y. Miladi, M.R. Alizadeh, A. Khedmati, "Dimensional Stability Investigation on a Gas Turbine Blade in Investment Casting," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.11, Issue.3, pp.40-45, 2024