Volume-9 , Issue-2 , Jun 2022, ISSN 2348-635X Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Design and Simulation of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Inverter based Transformer-less in small Wind Turbines

  Armin Hassanzadeh Hassanabad, Yaser Sarsabahi, Aashish Kumar Bohre , Mlungisi Khulani Ngwenyama

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp.1-8, Jun-2022

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  Abstract
  For variable speed applications, an inverter with a voltage source is typically used to provide a three-phase induction motor that has a variable frequency as well as a changeable voltage. Among the several distinct varieties of multilevel inverters, a neutral point clamped three-level inverter (NPCTLI), which is appropriate for transformer-less grid-side wind turbines, is used in this work. Additionally, to gain a high level of power quality and low-pass passive filters, low distortion with two series of inductors and capacitors (LCL) filters are used. The LCL filter is used to link an inverter to a grid-connected system, eliminating the need for a transformer Problems with shoot-through are caused in the bridge legs of an NPC-TLI when an LCL filter and a neutral point clamped multilevel inverter are used. Output voltage suitably in the line side of the inverter is gained using an appropriate pulse width modulation (PWM) approach. PWM generation can be separated into two categories: triangle comparison based PWM (TCPWM) and space vector based PWM (SVPWM). SVPWM control scheme for NPC inverter gives higher reliability and outstanding dynamic performance as compared to other techniques. In order to address this issue, a space vector pulse width modulation control (SVPWMC) is used for great current control and enhanced voltage performance for NPCTLI. The results demonstrated that this kind of filter reduces the level of harmonic distortion at the lowest switching frequencies. This structure permits the basic waveform component to be sent to the output when the harmonic components are filtered away. The proposed control method greatly improves output efficiency and reduces total harmonic distortion in wind turbines, according to the findings.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Wind Turbine, Harmonics, Three-level inverter, SVPWM

  References
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  Citation
  Armin Hassanzadeh Hassanabad, Yaser Sarsabahi, Aashish Kumar Bohre , Mlungisi Khulani Ngwenyama, "Design and Simulation of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Inverter based Transformer-less in small Wind Turbines," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.2, pp.1-8, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Design and Implementation of Antenna System for Live Video Streaming and News Gathering

  Justin Akosuga Kpelai, Celestine Mbakaan, Seember Justin-Kpelai

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp.9-19, Jun-2022

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  Abstract
  This research aim to design a self-steering air to ground antenna- tracking system for live mobile video streaming and newsgathering. The design is such that it automatically track a signal transmitted constantly via a target through a source, such as a communication satellite or any transmitting device. The antenna was built by using a driven element, reflector and eleven directors. The antenna tracking system comprises of a unit composes of a microcontroller circuit board and pan-tilt mechanism. The tracking system also contain another unit, which is an array of three Yagi antennas each connected to a Wi-Fi adapter module. The tracking system adopts mechanical beam steering method and closed –loop antenna-tracking method for its operation. The antenna has a gain of 12.2 dB and beamwidth of 39.1°.The-tracking test validates that the designed antenna tracking system worked well. The Performance result at a speed of 0.9 m/s and 20 m distance between transmitter and receiver indicates that the tracking was more efficient with directional antenna compared with the omnidirectional antenna over the considered distance. Generally, the device proves to be very good enough for live mobile video streaming and newsgathering applications.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Yagi antenna; live mobile video streaming; Newsgathering; Wireless transmission; Video delivery

  References
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  Citation
  Justin Akosuga Kpelai, Celestine Mbakaan, Seember Justin-Kpelai, "Design and Implementation of Antenna System for Live Video Streaming and News Gathering," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.2, pp.9-19, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Performance Evaluation of Voice over Internet Protocol in WiMAX Access Network System

  Salah Eldeen Osman Mohamed, Mortada M. Abdulwahab

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp.20-25, Jun-2022

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  Abstract
  Wireless networks are growing day by day due to the increased demand of using it, so it has become very necessary to improve the quality of service (QoS). The aim of this paper is to study QoS of voice over internet protocol (VOIP) over WiMAX for fixed and mobile WiMAX networks in different power ranges. The basic parameters of QoS which were studied in this paper are the end to end delay , throughput and jitter. Different scenarios were created using computer simulator to evaluate the performance, the study used different numbers of nodes, for three and five cell. The analysis of the results shows that WiMAX networks give a high efficiency using both fixed and mobile nodes for all studied parameters. The influence of transmitter power on the results of end to end delay is approximately not noticed when cells number and mobile nodes increased. The results achieved the required goal of the study.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  WiMax; QoS; Delay; Throughput;Jitter

  References
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  [8] Ojasvichhaniwal , H .Minakshi ,"Design and Implementation of QoS in WIMAX module using two –ray ground and shadowing mobility model under NS-2", international Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 4, (2015).
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  Citation
  Salah Eldeen Osman Mohamed, Mortada M. Abdulwahab, "Performance Evaluation of Voice over Internet Protocol in WiMAX Access Network System," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.2, pp.20-25, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Experimental Investigation of Sisal Fiber Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete

  Balaji V., Umamaheswari R.

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp.26-33, Jun-2022

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  Abstract
  Concrete is a poured mixture of cement, water, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate that hardens into a strong building material. Concrete is an important construction material that is utilized all over the world. Self-compacting concrete flows and distributes into the form without the requirement for mechanical vibration compacting. It can be utilized in situations where compaction for new concrete is inconvenient. The objective of this investigation of is to utilize regular fiber to work on the exhibition of self-compacting concrete (sisal fiber). Superplasticizer are used to promote the workability of viscosity modifying agents and fibers while decreasing bleeding and segregation. sisal fibers are extracted from the leaves of the plants aqua sisalana. The fibers are obtained by the spinning process and decorations made by machines. The characteristics of new and solidified concrete with built up sisal fiber were explored in this paper. Fiber Self-compacting concrete is completed with a water-concrete proportion of 0.34 for different levels of fiber addition.0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% of the materials were blended. Sisal fiber is included. Plan and cast the 3D square, chamber, and pillar M50 blend. The examples were put through a progression of tests The test conducted for 7 and 28 days.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Sisal fiber, cement, M-sand, Coarse-aggregate, Silicafume, Sikacimpink, Compressive strength, tensile strength, flexuralstrength

  References
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  [9]. Kun Zhang, Lisha Pan, Jiacheng, Chang Lin,” What is the mechanism of the fiber effect on the rhelogical behavior of cement paste with polycarboxyalte superplasticizer”, Elsevier, Construction and Building materials, Vol 281, 2021
  [10]. Muhammed Asim, Ghulam Moeen Uddin, Hafsa Jamshaid, Ali Raza, Zia ul Rehman Tahir, Uzair Hussain, Aamir Naseem Satti, Nasir Hayat, Syed Muhammed Arafat,” Comparative experimental investigation of natural fibers reinforced light weight concrete as thermally efficient building materials”, Elsevier, Journey of Building materials, Vol 31, 2020.
  [11]. Pavithra K, Manisha Shewale, Shraddha Asalkar, Nithin Shinde, Pavankumar Korke, A.Balaji, R.Gobinath, R.Anuradha,”Studies on usage of natural fibers and eco sand for sustainable con”reting", Elsevier, Materials today, 2021
  [12]. Prakash R, Sudharshan N.Raman, N.Divyah, C.Subramanian, Vijayaprabha C, Praveenkumar S,” Fresh and mechanical characteristics of roselle fiberreinforced self-compacting concrete incorporating flyash and metakaolin:, Elsevier, Construction and Building materials, Vol 290, 2021
  [13]. Pratyush Kumar, Rahul Roy,” Study and experimental investigation of flow and flexural propertiesof natural fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete”, Elsevier, Procedia Computer Science, Vol 125, Pp:598-608, 2018
  [14]. Poongodi K, Murthi P,” Impact strength enhancement of banana fiber reinforced lightweight self compacting concrete”, Elsevier, Materials toda: Proceedings, Vol 27, part 2, Pp: 1203-1209, 2020
  [15]. Rahesh Hari, K.M.Mini,” Mechanical and durability properties of sisal-Nylon 6 hybrid fiber reinforced high strength SCC”, Elsevier, Construction and Building materials, Vol 204, 2018
  [16]. Ramalingam S, Murugasan R, Nagabhushana M.N,” Laboratory performance evaluation of environmentally sustainable sisal fiber reinforced bituminous mixes”, Elsevier, Construction and Building materials, Vol 148, 2017
  [17]. Ramesh B, Gokulnath V, Ranjith Kumar M,” Detailed study on flexural strength of polypropylene fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete”, Elsevier, Materials today, Proceeding: Vol 23, part 3, Pp: 1054-1058, 2019
  [18]. Raylane de Souza Castoldi, Lourdes Maria Silva de Souza, Flavio de Andrade Silva,” Comparative study on the mechanical behavior and durability of polypropylene and sisal fiber reinforced concretes”, Elsevier, Construction and Building materials, Vol 211, 2019
  [19]. Sabarish K.V, Pratheeba Paul, Bhuvaneshwari, Jones J,” An experimental investigation on properties of sisal fiber used in the concrete”, Elsevier, Materials today: Proceeding, Vol 22, part 3, Pp:439-443
  [20]. Sani J.E, Yohanna P, Chukwujama I.A,” Effect of rice husk ash admixed with treated sisal fibre on properties of lateritic soil as a road construction materials”, Journal of King Sand University-Engineering Sciences, Vol 32, issue 1, Pp:11-18, 2018.

  Citation
  Balaji V., Umamaheswari R., "Experimental Investigation of Sisal Fiber Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.2, pp.26-33, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Manually Operated Palm Oil Screw Press

  E.N. Okoronkwo, R.E. Nnam, I.S.E. Nwaorgu, N.I. Onwuka, C.V. Arinze

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp.34-40, Jun-2022

  Abstract

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  Abstract
  Palm oil extraction still remains a critical bottleneck particularly at the level of small and medium scale processors in Nigeria because the procedure involved in the extraction of palm oil is tasking, drudgery and challenging. Although modern facilities which help to mechanize the palm oil extraction or expression are now available at the medium/large scale of production, their application at the small/cottage level of production is still very much limited hence the need for an innovative technology which can help address the mechanization of palm oil extraction at the small/cottage level. In this work, a manually operated palm oil screw press was designed, fabricated with locally available engineering materials and the performance evaluation of the machine was carried out. The machine which works with the rotation of the threaded rod has a capacity of extracting palm oil from 43.1kg of already digested palm fruit pulp per batch. The major components of the machine include the standing frame (550mm), the threaded rod(580mm), the perforated cylinder of volume 0.043m3, the lock (128mm), the cross plate(250mm), the base(640mm), the supporting frame(325mm), and the oil outlet(120mm). The performance evaluation of the machine shows that the machine can extract oil from 92.40kg of digested pulp per hour. From the efficiency evaluation of the machine, 31.88% of oil was extracted with the machine. This therefore shows that indigenous technology that can solve the major drawback in the production of palm oil in Nigeria which is the use of traditional or un-mechanized method of production which makes it unattractive to young adults or young school leavers.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Design, Fabrication, Screw press, Palm oil, performance evaluation

  References
  [1] R. E. Nnam, V. O. Obinna N. J. Emerenini, N. U Okoro “Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Locally Produced Oil Palm from Unwana Palm Plantation in Afikpo Local Government of Ebonyi State, Nigeria” “International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences” 8(1), 41-48; 2021.
  [2] A. B. Fashina, O. S. Durodola, I. A. Hammed “Development and Performance Evaluation of an Oil Palm Digester” “Bioprecess Engineering Journal”, 1(2), 49-53; 2017
  [3] B. E. Okafor “Development of Palm Oil Extraction System” “International Journal of Engineering and Technology” 5 (2) 68-75; 2015S. Willium, “Computer Science and Engineering,” World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.31, Issue.4, pp.123-141, 2012.
  [4] A. E. Aphiar, and N. I. Raphael “Quality Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Palm Oil from Different Palm Oil Mills in Isoko, Delta State” International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS)” 6(6), 31-35; 2019
  [5] K. Poko. “Innovations in Village Based Palm Oil Processing.” Paper presented at the BUROTROP-AFDPDA Seminar on small and medium scale oil palm and coconut technologies, Accra, Ghana. 1993
  [6] O. I. Mba, M. J. Dumont, M. Ngadi, "Palm oil: processing, characterization and utilization in food industry-A review" “Food Bioscience”10, 26-41; 2015
  [7] C. E. Enyoh, A. W. Verla, E. N. Verla “A Review on the Quality of Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis) Produced Locally in Imo State, Nigeria” “Sustainable Food Production” 4, 40-50; 2018
  [8] M. Sutapa, M. Analava, “Health effects of Palm Oil” “J. Hum. Ecol.”26(3), 197-203; 2009
  [9] O.A. Adetola, J. O. Olajide, A. P. Olalusi, “Development of screw press for Palm Oil Extraction” International Journal of scientific and Engineering Research” 5(7), 1416-1422; 2020
  [10] M. Alam, R. Nandi, E. Kabir, “Development of Manually Operated Palm Oil Extraction Machine” AgricEngInt; CIGR Journal Open Access” 22(1), 213-218; 2020.
  [11] A. S. Lawal, I. O. Malachi, “Development and performance of Assessment of an improved of Digester” “Technical and scientific research engineering” 2(2) 15-29; 2019
  [12] I. Ati “Village Coconut Processing in the Philippines” Appropriate Technology International Bulletin” (10); 2001
  [13] K. Aung, T. N. Win, A. K Win, C. C. Khaing “Design and Stress Analysis of Screw Press Oil Expeller” “Iconic Research and Engineering Journals” 3(1) 276-279; 2019.
  [14] P. E. Amiolemhen, J. A. Eseigbe “Design and Fabrication of a Palm Kernel Oil Expeller Machine” “International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT)” 67(6) 39-46; 2019
  [15] D. R. Moses, “Performance evaluation of continuous screw press for extraction Soybean Oil” American Journal of Science and Technology1(5): 238-242; 2014
  [16] K. Poku, “Small scale palm oil processing in Africa. Agricultural and consumer protection” “FAO Agricultural Science Bulletin” 148, 62; 2002.

  Citation
  E.N. Okoronkwo, R.E. Nnam, I.S.E. Nwaorgu, N.I. Onwuka, C.V. Arinze, "Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Manually Operated Palm Oil Screw Press," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.2, pp.34-40, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Experimental Study of Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate by Marble Chips

  M. Sri Ganesh, S. Subish, A. Aruna Devi

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp.41-45, Jun-2022

  Abstract

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  Abstract
  A considerable amount of trash is produced throughout the processing and mining steps of creating marble tiles. This garbage is thrown to the ground., generating a slew of environmental problems. The principal reason for this study was to check whether marble trash could be utilized in concrete as a halfway substitution for regular coarse total. Utilizing trial draws near, the practicality of involving marble flotsam and jetsam as a coarse total in concrete was considered. The results of the experiment indicate that discarded marble chips can be used to partially replace coarse aggregate in M25 concrete. The marble shards are being utilized to substitute coarse aggregate in concrete. 25%, 50%, and 75% of the typical coarse aggregate are replaced, respectively, by weight. Employing experimental approaches, the feasibility of using marble debris as a coarse aggregate in concrete was studied. On the 7th and 28th days, compressive and rigidity are estimated. Marble totals can be utilized in substantial blends to supplant coarse totals.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  waste marble chips, coarse aggregate, compressive and tensile strength

  References
  [1]. Mrs.Anwaya.N.S, M.Tech, K.Raghavi, S.Bhagyalakshmi, M.Vidhya Lakshmi (2017) “Comparison of conventional concrete with partial replacement of coarse aggregate with marble waste in concrete” ,International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology(IJARTET) , Vol. 4, Special Issue 8, March 2017.
  [2]. Ashish Shukla and Nakul Gupta (2019) “Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Cement with Marble Dust Powder in M25 and M30 Grade Concrete”, Volume 7 Issue IV, Apr 2019.
  [3]. Sudarshan D. Kore and A. K. Vyas (2016) “Impact of Marble Waste as Coarse Aggregate on properties of lean cement concrete”.
  [4]. Jay P. Chotaliya, 2Kuldip B. Makwana, 3Pratik D. Tank (2016) “Waste Marble Chips as Concrete Aggregate” IJEDR, Volume 4, Issue 3.
  [5]. Athul Krishna K R (2017), “Optimum replacement of marble chips and marble dust as aggregates in M20 concrete”, International Journal For Technological Research IN Enfineering,Volume 4, Issue 6, February-2017.

  Citation
  M. Sri Ganesh, S. Subish, A. Aruna Devi, "Experimental Study of Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate by Marble Chips," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.2, pp.41-45, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Design of Wireless Monitoring System of Body Health Using Electronic Face Mask

  Mortada M. Abdulwahab, Khalid H. Ahmed, Hamza M. Al-mehrabi, Mohammed A. Al-kateb, Yazid A. Al-mezgagi, Jwher Y. Al-rashdi

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp.46-51, Jun-2022

  Abstract

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  Abstract
  Preventing respiratory diseases is a major challenge for all the peoples of the world, Modern Electronics technology play important role in developing techniques for preventing of spread diseases.Face mask is the first defense stage to prevent the spreading of respiratory diseases such as COVID-19. The objective of this paper is to design Advanced electronic face mask to be used to achieve real time monitoring of health status for the person who used the electronic mask. This design helps in early detecting of infection and reduce the spreading of diseases. The design consists of a group of sensors such as (Infrared thermometer Sensor, Heart-Rate Sensor) which connected to a microcontroller. Wireless communications and smart phone technologies were used to provide an efficient monitoring for peoples whom wearing the face mask. The design was examined in different operating cases and the obtained results were accurate and achieved the required goals.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Arduino; Blutooth; Sensors;Design

  References
  [1] Andersen B M. "Prevention and Control of Infections im Hospitals: Practice and Theory" Springer International Publishing, pp.13-25, 2019.
  [2] Pan, K., Goel, A., Akin, L. R., & Patel, S. R. "Through Plagues and Pandemics: The Evolution of Medical Face Masks" Rhode Island Medical Journal, vol 103,issue 10, pp.72-75, 2020.
  [3] Bowen LE. "Does that face mask really protect you". Applied Biosafety, vol 15, issue 2,PP: 67-71. 2010.
  [4] Face masks and coverings for the general public: Behavioral knowledge, effectiveness of cloth coverings and public messaging", the British academy.2020.
  [5] Ippolito, M.; Vitale, F.; Accurso, G.; Iozzo, P.; Gregoretti, C.; Giarratano, A.; Cortegiani, A. "Medical masks and Respirators for the Protection of HealthcareWorkers from SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses". Pulmonology, Vol 26, pp.204–212. 2020
  [6] Waltenegus Dargie, Christian Poellabauer, "Fundamentals of Wireless Sensor Networks Theory and Practice, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.PP.22-30, 2010.
  [7] Emma P. Fischer and Martin C. Fischer and David Grass and Isaac Henrion and Warren S. Warren and Eric Westman," Low-cost measurement of face mask efficacy for filtering expelled droplets during speech",Science Advances,volume (6) number 36 ,2020.
  [8] Xinkai Yu, Hao Yang, Junzhou He "Survey of facial masks using behaviour during COVID-19 outbreak , E3S Web of Conferences 246, 02004 Cold Climate HVAC & Energy 2021.
  [9] Christiane Matuschek, Friedrich Moll, Heiner Fangerau, Johannes C. Fischer, Kurt Z?nker, Martijn van Griensven , Marion Schneider, Detlef Kindgen?Milles, Wolfram Trudo Knoefel, Artur Lichtenberg9, Balint Tamaskovics, Freddy Joel Djiepmo?Njanang, Wilfried Budach, Stefanie Corradini,Dieter H?ussinger, Torsten Feldt, Bj?rn Jensen, Rainer Pelka, Klaus Orth, Matthias Peiper, Olaf Grebe, Kitti Maas, Peter Arne Gerber, Alessia Pedoto, Edwin B?lke1 and Jan Haussmann1." Face masks: benefits and risks during the COVID?19 crisis". European Journal of Medical Research. Matuschek et al. Eur J Med Res (2020) 25:32 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-020-00430-5
  [10] Núria Boix Rodríguez 1,* , Giovanni Formentini 1 , Claudio Favi 1 and Marco Marconi” Engineering Design Process of Face Masks Based on Circularity and Life Cycle Assessment in the Constraint of the COVID-19 Pandemic Sustainability 2021, 13, 4948. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094948
  [11] Barnali Ghatak, Sanjoy Banerjee, Sk Babar Ali, Rajib Bandyopadhyay, Nityananda Das, Dipankar Mandal, Bipan Tudu, "Design of a self-powered triboelectric face mask", Nano Energy, Volume 79, 2021,, ISSN 2211-2855
  [12] Sensor, P. (2015). Pulse Sensor Getting Started Guide. ] http :/ / processing . org /
  [13] O`Shaughnessy, S. A., Hebel, M. A., Evett, S. R., & Colaizzi, P. D. (2011). Evaluation of a wireless infrared thermometer with a narrow field of view. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 76(1), 59-68.

  Citation
  Mortada M. Abdulwahab, Khalid H. Ahmed, Hamza M. Al-mehrabi, Mohammed A. Al-kateb, Yazid A. Al-mezgagi, Jwher Y. Al-rashdi, "Design of Wireless Monitoring System of Body Health Using Electronic Face Mask," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.2, pp.46-51, 2022