Design, Sizing and Performance Evaluation of Biopesticide Production Plant

R.E. Nnam¹ , I.N. Onwuka² , G.S. Uzoechi³ , C.V. Arinze⁴

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp.23-31, Mar-2021

Online published on Mar 31, 2021

Copyright © R.E. Nnam, I.N. Onwuka, G.S. Uzoechi, C.V. Arinze . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

View this paper at   Google Scholar | DPI Digital Library

XML View     PDF Download

How to Cite this Paper

Abstract :
The toxicity, persistence, and non-biodegradability of chemical pesticides have increased calls for the adoption of sustainable and cost-effective pest control measures. Bio-pesticides present a sustainable alternative to synthetic pesticides but it is still underutilization in agrarian countries like Nigeria because of low production capacity. The feasibility of economically mass production of a stable product is a key factor to a successful microbial pest control product. In the production of bio-pesticide economically, two phases are involve namely, development of the production process and the development of the product. In this research, the development of the product was duly, carried out by identifying the unit operations involved, evaluating the material and energy balance necessary for product processing. Each unit operation was properly sized and a centrifuge designed. Product development involves product formulation, packaging of formulated products and application of the formulated product to evaluate its efficacy. Therefore, the key elements to successful bio-pesticides are both production efficiency and product efficacy. The efficacy of the formulated product was tested on its ability to repel and control insect pests on leaves of five different crop plants for six days. The mortality rate of the individual pest was 90%, 90%, 93.3%, 93.3% and 96.7% for Myzus persicae, Chilo partellus, Aphis craccivora, Spodoptera frugiperda and Popillia japonica Newman, respectively.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Design, Material balance, Energy balance,Bio-pesticide, Neem seed, Decanter Centrifuge

References :
[1] I. Oji-Okoro, “Analysis of Contribution of Agricultural Sector on the Nigerian Economic Development”, World Review of Business Research, Vol. 1 No. 1, 192-200, 2011.
[2] O. Olajide, B. Akinlabi and A. Tijani, “Agricultural Resource and Economic Growth in Nigeria”, European Scientific Journal, 8 (22), 103-115, 2012.
[3] L. Bastiaans, R Paolini and D. T. Baumann, “Focus on ecological weed management: 565 what is hindering adoption? Weed Res. 48, 481 – 491, 2008.
[4] T. J. P Ivase, B. B Nyakuma, B. U.Ogenyi, A. D. Balogun, M. N. HASSAN, “Current status, challenges, and prospects of biopesticide utilization in Nigeria” Agriculture and Environment, 9 95-106, 2017.
[5] J. Liu, K. Wu, K. Hopper and K. Zhao, “Population dynamics of Aphis glycines (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its natural enemies in soybean in Northern China”, Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 97: 235-239, 2004.
[6] A. Youdeowei, “Major Arthropod Pests of Food and Industrial Crops of Africa and their Economic Importance”, In: The search for sustainable solutions to crop pest problems in Africa, Cotonou (Benin), 5–9 Dec. 1988.
[7] E. C. Oerke, and H. W. Dehne, “Safeguarding production—losses in major crops and the role of crop protection”, Crop Protection 23(4), 275–285, 2004.
[8] E. C. Oerke, “Crop losses to pests”, The Journal of Agricultural Science 144(1), 31–43.
[9] F. Olayemi, J. Adegbola, E. Bamishaiye, and A. Daura, “Assessment of post-harvest challenges of small scale farm holders of tomatoes, bell and hot pepper in some local government areas of Kano State, Nigeria”, Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 3(2), 39–42, 2010.
[10] J. Adegbola, U. Anugwom, and E. Adu, “The concept of withholding period and pesticideresidue in grain storage”, Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2(4), 598, 2012.
[11] L. G. Copping, and J. J. Menn, “Biopesticides: a review of their action, applications, and Efficacy”, Pest Management Science 56(8), 651–676, 2000.
[12] T. Glare, J. Caradus, W. Gelernter, T. JacksonN Keyhani, J. Köhl, P. Marrone, L. Morin, and A. Stewart, “Have biopesticides come of age?” Trends in Biotechnology, 30(5), 250–258, 2012
[13] P. Acharya, S. A. Mir, and B. Nayak, “Competence of Biopesticide and Neem in Agriculture” International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-2, Issue-6, 2017.
[14] B. E. Agbo, A. I. Nta, and M. O. Ajaba, “A Review on the Use of Neem (Azadirachta indica) as a Biopesticide”, Journal of Biopesticides and Environment, Vol. 2 no.1-2, Page 58 – 65, 2015
[15] K. V. Usharani, N. Dhananjay and R. L. Manjunatha, “Neem as an Organic Plant Protectant in agriculture”, Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry; 8(3): 4176-4184, 2019.
[16] ?. Özger, D. POHL and ?. KARACA, “The use of neem extracts as bioinsecticide”, Türk. biyo. müc. derg., 4 (2): 165-178, 2013.
[17] F. L. Mc Ewen, “Food production – the challenge of pesticides”, Bio Sci, 28: 773-777, 1978.
[18] W. Ravensberg, PhD thesis, Wageningen University: The development of microbial pest control products for control of arthropods: a critical evaluation and a roadmap to success, pg 47-48, 2010.
[19] Couch, T.L., 2000. Industrial fermentation and formulation of entomopathogenic bacteria. In: J.-F. Charles, A. Delécluse and C. Nielsen-LeRoux (eds), Entomopathogenic bacteria: from laboratory to field application. Kluwer, Dordrecht. pp. 297-316, 2000.
[20] Wraight, S.P., M.A. Jackson and S.L. de Kock, 2001. Production, stabilization and formulation of fungal biocontrol agents. In: T.M. Butt, C. Jackson and N. Magan (eds), Fungi as biocontrol agents: progress, problems and potential. CAB International, Wallingford. pp. 253-287, 2001.
[21] Ehlers, R.-U. and D.I. Shapiro-Ilan, 2005. Mass production. In: P.S. Grewal, R.-U. Ehlers and D.I. Shapiro-Ilan (eds), Nematodes as biocontrol agents. CAB International, Wallingford. pp. 65-78, 2005.
[22] F.M. Onu and M.E. Ikehi. “Effectiveness OF Neem and Garlic Extracts in the Control of Storage Pests of Cereal Grains. 2015. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1710.9603.
[23] K. O. Boadu, S. K. Tulashie, M. A. Anang, J. D. Kpan, “Production of natural insecticide from Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica)”, Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 1 (4):33-38, 2011.
[24] H. S. Shannag, J. L. Capinera, and N. M. Freihat, “Efficacy of different neem-based biopesticides against green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)”, International Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research, Vol.2 (2), pp. 061-068, 2014.
[25] Lowery DT, Isman MB (1996). Inhibition of aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) reproduction by neem seed oil and azadirachtin. J. Econ. Entomol. 89(3):602-607, 1996.
[26] Tang YQ, Weathersbee AA, Mayer RT (2002). Effect of neem extract on the brown citrus aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Hymenoptera: Aphididae). Environ. Entomol. 31(1):172-176, 2002.
[27] Kraiss H, Cullen EM (2008). Efficacy and nontarget effects of reduced-risk insecticides on Aphis glycines (Hemiptera : Aphididae) and its biological control agent Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 101(2):391-398, 2008.
[28] B. E. Agbo, A. I. Nta, and M. O. Ajaba, “A Review on the Use of Neem (Azadirachta indica) as a Biopesticide”, Journal of Biopesticides and Environment, 2 (1-2), 58 – 65, 2015.
[29] Verma, S.P., B. Singh, and Y.P. Singh. 1985. Studies on the comparative efficacy of certain grain protectants against Sitotroga cerealella Oliver. Bull. Grain Technol. 24: 37-42. 1985.
[30] Isman, M.B., 2006. The role of botanical insecticides, deterrents and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annual Review of Entemology 51, 45-66, 2006.
[31] Upadhyay, R.K., 2007. Evaluation of biological activities of piper nigrum oil against Tribolium castaneum. Bulletin of Insectol 60(1), 57-61, 2007.
[32] Rajendran, S., Sriranjini, V., 2008. Plant products as fumigants for stored product insect control. Journal of Stored Product Research 44, 126-135, 2008.
[33] Upadhyay, R.K, Ahmed, S., 2011. Management strategies for the control of stored grain insect pests in farmer stores and public warehouses. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 7(5), 527-549, 2011.
[34] Anyanga, O.M., Muyinza, H., Hall, D.R., Porter, E., Farman, D.I. Talwana, H., Mwanga, R.O.,
[35] Madzimure, J., Nyahangare, E.T., Hove, T., Hamudikuwanda, H., Belmain, S.R. Stevenson, P.C., Mvumi, B.M., 2013. Efficacy of Strychnos spinosa (Lam.) and Solanum incanum L. aqueous fruit extracts against cattle ticks. Tropical Animal Health and Production 45, 1341–1347, 2013.
[36] Amoabeng, B.W., Gurr, G.M. Gitau, C.W., Stevenson, P.C., 2014. Cost: benefit analysis of botanical insecticide use in cabbage: implications for smallholder farmers in developing countries. Crop Protection 57, 71-76, 2014.
[37] Kamran S., Salim J., Amjad U., Syed F.S., Muhammad U., Maqsood S., Manzoor A.M., Amjid M., 2015. Evaluation of some botanical and chemical insecticides against the insect pests of okra. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 3 (2), 20-24, 2015.
[38] Stevenson, P.C., 2013. Resistance to the weevils Cylas puncticollisand Cylas brunneus conferred by sweetpotato root surface compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food ChS. Willium, “Computer Science and Engineering,” World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.31, Issue.4, pp.123-141, 2012.